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I went through a phase a few years ago of reading Canadian science fiction and fantasy obsessively. This phase was a necessary corrective to the idea that nothing good was coming out of the frozen north, at least in terms of speculative fiction. So science fiction is an expression of American exuberance (or something)? It appealed to my perverse side to find out just how well Canadians were doing in this stereotypically American genre. I took a break after a few years—focusing on one thing for too long is an easy way to get fed up with it—and now I'd like to come back home with a column suitably titled “The Latest in Canadian SF.” What has been happening up here in the last few years? I'll be looking at the most recent novels by four Canadian writers to answer that question.
But an even better way to take a survey of the state of affairs in Canadian genre fiction is to look at Tesseracts Ten. Editor Judith Merril started up the Tesseracts series in 1985, with a collection that had the express intent of showcasing and proving the worth of Canadian material. The series has continued strongly over the next 22 years, and this is actually the eleventh entry, with TesseractsQ as a side entry that focused on French-Canadian stories. The series ran for many years under the imprint of Tesseract Books, with Tesseracts 8 being the last item from them (and quite a worthy entry). Edge Books picked up the series with Tesseracts 9, and here we are with number 10. As before, two editors, most often working writers, get together and select stories from original submitted works.
So what does this collection look like? And what can it tell us about Canadian genre fiction?
The best story this time around is clearly Matthew Hughes’ “Go Tell the Phoenicians.” The story is a bit heavy on the exposition at the top, but the setup is worth it. Earth's civilization has spread through the galaxy, and it's a repressive one—as Hughes puts in a memorable phrase, it's a combination of “multinational corporations and tyrannical regimes” (159). It's like all the worst aspects of colonial times, with the science fiction twist that only humans have discovered interstellar travel and they're keeping it a huge secret. Endless exploitation follows, as only the Bureau of Offworld Trade could do—and it's certainly a wonderful acronym!
Into this setting comes a protagonist, Kandler, who is an exo-sociologist, and mostly filled with self-loathing because the only way he'll get to practice his knowledge is as a BOOT functionary, thus opening up new planets to BOOT “trade". So there are two things going on here, both of which Hughes has to get right: the puzzle of a new alien race and their culture, and then the question of how Kandler will resolve the situation. I feel a bit odd cheering on the stick-it-to-the-humans ending, but BOOT is a hissworthy villain if there ever was one. And the story plays on so many different SF ideas that it's a marvel that Hughes can pull it off.
Another memorable story, “Puss Reboots” by Stephanie Bedwell-Grime, is a somewhat unusual thing for an anthology of Canadian speculative fiction: it's a story set in space with strong leanings towards standard science fiction, with a computer/culture twist. Life in space is hard, but made much livelier (i.e., more difficult) by sexy androids, the mechanical cat of the title that's not quite what it seems, and a seriously down-and-out group of workers who are just trying to survive. Bedwell-Grime uses a light tone, but just like the story by Hughes, we have a hostile workplace as a form of antagonist. That's less the case here, but the similarities are remarkable.
Scott Mackay contributes two stories, “The Threshold of Perception” and “The Girl from Ipanema.” In the first story, an astronomer named Monsieur Marcotte argues with Percival Lowell about the existence of canals on Mars. Then when Lowell makes a claim that the Halley's Comet of 1910 has altered its course and is now heading directly for Earth, Marcotte does not immediately believe him. The story ends on an unusual note. The second story takes us into the viewpoint of an AI learning how to escape into the “real world” from the prison of a funding cut at a laboratory. Solidly assembled, but a bit standard in narrative.
Allen Moore's “Donovan's Brain” runs with a similar theme as “The Girl from Ipanema” but instead of a look from the inside, we are looking at the same development from the outside. What would a benevolent AI look like? How would it treat us normal humans? The story ends with what might be a dry historical piece—someone from the future looks back at the development of Donovan's Brain—but it's chilling, absolutely chilling, in its implications. A standard cautionary note perhaps, but with a nifty twist.
I liked Matthew Johnson's “Closing Time.” It's a tale of ghosts and Chinese cooking. Made my mouth water! It stands out as the one major story in the collection that doesn't try to riff off of standard SF ideas.
Quite a few of the other stories take standard sci-fi set pieces and try to do something new with them, with not as much success. “Women are from Mars, Men are from Venus” by Michele Laframboise (and translated by Sheryl Curtis) takes the title literally, but doesn't seem to get very far. “The Intruder” by Lisa Smedman seems very Tiptree-esque to me—a small creature on another planet sees a weird biped land on the surface. How to drive off such an intruder? Fine, but it's been done.
Tesseracts Ten has a number of mood pieces, some more successful than others. For instance, “Permission” by Mark Dachuk is one of the weirdest leaving-Earth stories I've ever read. Very compelling, very intriguing. I don't even know how to summarize it, since it seems so ordinary yet it still has a clear/sinister edge of surrealism. The story that follows directly after it, “Summer Silk” by Rhea Rose, aspires to be a mood piece of the horror variety, as a mother's instinct gets altered into a less nurturing version of itself. It's passable, but not compelling.
Other mood pieces include “Au pays du merveilles” by Wendy Warring, a look at a futuristic society without books, “The Undoing” Sarah Totton, a grim story about a doctor who works in a disciplinary system that destroys prisoners physically, and “Angel of Death” by Susan Forest, a futuristic death match entertainment satire.
Tesseracts Ten also has stories by Greg Bechtel, Victoria Fisher, Yvonne Provonost, and Rene Beaulieu, and poetry by Sandra Kasturi, Jason Christie, and Nancy Bennett.
Robert Charles Wilson provides an interesting introduction, “A Nervous Look Down a Dark Road,” and Edo van Belkom concludes the book with a summary called “Canadian SF Comes of Age."
Overall, I found Tesseracts Ten to be slightly disappointing. The book provides a handful of strong stories, but the rest are too familiar in concept and tone and don't do enough to break free of that familiarity. I hope this is not representative of the latest wave of Canadian writing—let's move on and examine the evidence.
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Widdershins, Charles de Lint, Tor, 2006, 560 pp.
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The world of Newford has been in the telling for close to 20 years, just a few years less than the Tesseracts series. De Lint has put out over 20 novels and short story collections about Newford, and part of each Newford book is about dealing with the past. Although it's less than you might think. There is indeed the weight of what we know of the past, but since Newford has such a large cast of characters, de Lint can mix things up by moving his focus from one protagonist to another.
Widdershins is a bit unusual, in that de Lint returns to the same main character as he used in The Onion Girl. Jilly Coppercorn, one of the central figures in this imagined world, already had a pretty rough time of it—as de Lint himself puts it in the Author's Note that opens the book: “Let's face it, you can't have a novel without some drama and hardship in the lives of its principal characters, and I didn't want to have to put her through the wringer yet again” (11).
But he gamely does so, and Widdershins is the result. Jilly in fact goes through more than the wringer, she goes back to her childhood. That's not such a good thing, considering what she endured at that time.
Many of the characters in Newford are recovering from problems in their past. In Jilly's case, it was an abusive older brother (as well as a local priest,
but the brother was the worst of it). At the time, Jilly would imagine another world and a character in it who was the one this was all happening to. Through magic of considerable power, this place became real in the otherworld (as we have seen happen with other people's imagination in previous Newford novels). Sure enough, Jilly now lands in this world, where the evil Del is once more in charge and she is powerless. It presents some grim reading. Will Jilly bring some of her maturity and the confidence that she has painstakingly accumulated over the years to the situation? Despite the fact that she is immersed in her worst nightmare?
Widdershins has another major storyline running through it—Jilly gets tangled up in it near the beginning, but is soon off in the world of her own making. The book starts with a musician named Lizzie and an encounter on a lonely crossroads. Lizzie doesn't know about fairies or the otherworld or any of the other things that have been happening to so many people in Newford through the last 20 years. But she stumbles into a feud between the fairies who live in urban areas and the cousins, the animal spirits who were pushed out of their own territories when the fairies came over the ocean with the Europeans. Some bogans, the most mean-spirited of the fairies, have killed a deer princess, Anwatan. Lizzie stumbles on the aftermath.
Now, Lizzie doesn't know anything about this, and barely escapes with her life. She and the other members of her band can hardly believe what they have gotten into, and there's at least one serious injury before they manage to get some help.
It's quite difficult to summarize this part of the plot, because de Lint piles on the narrative complications. Soon it seems like every major magical entity on both the side of the fairies and the side of the cousins is involved. There's a showdown between the multitude of spirits of murdered buffalo and the fairies who were there when it happened. There's a longstanding feud between two cousins, Joe Crazy Dog and Odawa, a blind salmon spirit. The book might be nearly 600 pages, but the story is always hopping.
I really liked the storyline of Rabedy, a bogan who doesn't fit in with his bloody-minded brethren. It's kind of sweet—a story of someone who finds his own courage to do right, even though he was present when an awful wrong was done. The memory of the slaughter of Anwatan haunts him. As a new protector says to him at the end of the story: “And now you have to carry the weight of not stepping up. But the memory of what you didn't do can be the strength that lets you do the right thing, the next time you see somebody about to get hurt” (522). Rabedy is not the only character who gets a second chance here, and most of it is due to the wisdom and compassion of the protagonists. If you like your fantasy bloody and filled with vengeance, this is not the book for you. Like some of the most interesting stories, de Lint tries to figure out how differences that would be mortal and gruesomely resolved in another book are dealt with gracefully.
And in terms of long-standing Newford characters, there's also Geordie Riddell. In his Author's Note, de Lint mentions that Newford fans were curious to hear what would happen between Jilly and Geordie, considering their long history and some hints that have been dropped in previous books. They spend most of the story apart! But that's maybe the way of romances—Jilly in particular has to sort out some personal history before she can be ready for anything else.
Newford is still alive in this latest book by Charles de Lint. I liked the way the book came together, and I especially admired the elements of conflict resolution that showed de Lint cares about keeping the story interesting with drama and confrontation, but then sorting and resolving the drama in an inspiring manner. But I also felt the weight of what has come before—it takes me a while to get into a Newford book, even though the opposite should be true. Sometimes I like a little novelty. I wish Newford fans and de Lint all the best, and I'll drop in and visit when I can.
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The New Moon's Arms, Nalo Hopkinson, Warner, 2007, 323 pp.
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The New Moon's Arms, Nalo Hopkinson's latest novel, takes place on a fictional Caribbean island group called Cayaba and features some extraordinary events that happen in the life of an ordinary woman. These two concerns—Caribbean culture, the influence of the extraordinary on a sympathetic protagonist—carry forward from Hopkinson's earlier work. From a young mother trying to survive on the streets of a dystopian Toronto in Brown Girl in the Ring to the nanotech utopia of a Caribbean-settled planet in Midnight Robber to the patchwork of historical episodes assembled in The Salt Roads, Hopkinson has taken the speculative genre to a new stop in each book. The New Moon's Arms feels closest to The Salt Roads in its explicit Caribbean setting, but the latest book takes a fresh angle on any familiar concerns by grounding itself resolutely in the present day. There are a few exceptions to spice up the storyline, reaching back into history to add some depth to the but The New Moon's Arms is definitely a story of today.
Hopkinson does most of the grounding through the protagonist, and this book is a character portrait, through and through. The central figure of Calamity Lambkin supplies most of the narrative energy of the book—Calamity is perverse, profane, and quite prickly. She keeps everyone around her hopping, even though these traits don't make life any easier for her.
The book opens with the funeral of Calamity's father. He died after a 2-year illness; Calamity cared for him throughout his sickness, but the father and daughter were estranged for many years previous to that. Calamity was a teen mother, part of the reason for the break between the two, a situation made worse by the disappearance of Calamity's mother right around the same time. Based on such events in her life, Calamity recently changed her name from what it used to be—Chastity. It's a telling detail, and one that suits what we come to know of her as protagonist.
I appreciate a prickly character who doesn't care too much about what other people think and speaks her mind. This is not always successful in Calamity's case and it makes her relationships difficult. Calamity's homophobia is the centre of some of the book's most uncomfortable scenes, since she tells off at least two of the gay/bisexual men in her life. Not the most fun way to get through your day.
Two impulses are driving Calamity's life, in addition to the events in her past that have lingering psychological effects. Firstly, as she is going through menopause, she has discovered that she gets unusual hot flashes, intense and disturbing, that have the power to bring back physical objects from the past. It's an interesting way to literalize the concerns of her stage in life: her father has died, so she's going back and thinking about and summarizing their relationship. And literal reminders of how things used to be are dropping out of the sky. She can't help but be reminded.
The other big impulse in her life happens when she discovers an injured boy washed up on the beach. She names him Agway and tries to take him in. But she's in her fifties, pretty much broke, and she has hardly any social capital with the family and friends around her who might be able to pitch in and help. She regains a friendship with Evelyn, a childhood tormentor who is now a doctor, but even Evelyn's help doesn't seem enough. Calamity is brave, and I admired her anger at the way she is treated as old (at one point, her daughter calls her a matriarch, which causes no small amount of grief) and poor.
There is a mystery about Agway—he seems to be from a sea-people family. Calamity has memories of meeting a young girl on the beach who had intriguingly marine characteristics, and there are some hints that her own mother had mysterious oceanic origins (although Hopkinson seems to drop that storyline later in the book). The history of the sea-people comes through in little vignettes all along the way, and this is where a slight flavour of the historical interludes of The Salt Roads is present. Where might such creatures have come from? Why might they be in the Caribbean?
Hopkinson tells a sly story of politics on the side. While the Caribbean islands of Cayaba in The New Moon's Arms are fictional, the politics of Cayaba feel very realistic. There's a conflict between the investment of a big factory and American tourists vs. what is happening to the wildlife around the islands and
to the lives of the regular people who live there. We often get to know people and see their lives before we see how they fit into the political structure—some nice surprises there, since our sympathy is spread around in interesting directions. And there's an opposition politician who seems to be saying all the right things, but she swoops in and uses Calamity as a prop into a photo opportunity in a scene that's devastatingly funny.
I generally liked The New Moon's Arms, and I admire Hopkinson's ability to change up her style and try fresh approaches while keeping the same core concerns in place. But experimenting inevitably leads to less than optimal results, especially if you are attempting something risky and new. Hopkinson simply does not settle down and crank out the same regurgitated material, which puts her in a very elite group of writers. The flip side of course is that sometimes the result might not gel completely, and that's my impression of The New Moon's Arms—something new and interesting that doesn't quite have all its bits working in alignment. I liked Calamity and her story, but I was underwhelmed by the book as a whole. That said, I'm looking forward to Hopkinson's next project, as always.
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Sun of Suns, Karl Schroeder, Tor, 2006, 318 pp.
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Karl Schroeder's Sun of Suns is a tour-de-force—no matter which way you approach the book, Schroeder has the angle covered. Sure, there are a few slip-ups here and there, but overall Sun of Suns delivers. The book takes two strong trends in science fiction—the big dumb object in space, a la Ringworld, and the much more recent trend of neo-pulp—and mashes them together with a higher degree of elegance than should be possible. There have been quite a few other recent pulp revival projects, but Schroeder manages to maintain a lot of the hard-won wisdom from the intervening decades since the era of swashbuckling space pirates and princesses on Mars and so forth. That wisdom means that the story is put together smoothly, the writing is undeniably tight and wondrous at once, and the characters—well, the characters might be the one drawback, but they are certainly perfectly serviceable. So, most of the advantages of well-written, high-falutin’ literary SF, mixed with zero-g battles, lost civilizations, epic confrontations, and non-stop action.
Challenging Destiny #24: August 2007 Page 12