24 Maine, Minnesota, and Wisconsin Mann and Ornstein, It’s Even Worse Than It Looks, 136.
25 In America, 25 percent of eligible voters Ibid, 140.
26 About thirty countries have compulsory voting William A. Galston, “Telling Americans to Vote, Or Else,” The New York Times, November 6, 2011. http://www.newyorktimes.com/2011/11/06/opinion/sunday/tellingamericans-to-vote-or-else?pagewanted=all.
27 “The way to gain votes” Norman Ornstein, “Vote—or Else,” The New York Times, August 10, 2006.
28 “Corrupted by the process” John McCain, ABC This Week, October 3, 1999.
29 The Supreme Court … ruled Adam Liptak, “Justices, 5–4, Reject Corporate Spending Limit,” The New York Times, January 21, 2010.
30 In Iowa’s Republican caucuses Nicholas Confessore and Jim Rutenberg, “Group’s Ads Rip at Gingrich as Romney Stands Clear,” The New York Times, December 30, 2011.
31 In South Carolina, the pro-Gingrich Trip Gabriel and Nicholas Confessore, “PAC Ads to Attack Romney as Predatory Capitalist,” The New York Times, January 8, 2012.
32 “The Super-PACs are plainly an avenue” Mann and Ornstein, It’s Even Worse, 154.
33 Super-PACs had raised $160 million Center for Responsive Politics, “Super-PACs,” Open Secrets. http://www.opensecrets.org/pacs/superpacs.php.
34 A small group of billionaire would-be kingmakers Nicholas Confessore, Michael Luo, and Mike McIntire, “In G.O.P. Race, a New Breed of Superdonor,” The New York Times, February 22, 2012; Dan Eggen and T.W. Farnam, “The Men Behind the GOP’s Millions,” The Washington Post, February 22, 2012. Monica Langley, “Texas Billionaire Doles Out Election’s Biggest Checks,” The Wall Street Journal, March 22, 2012. Journal chart shows that by late March 2012, three donors provided more than one-fifth of all the Super-PAC funding to date: the Adelsons, with $15 million, Howard Simmons and Contran, with $14.4 million, and Robert Perry, with $6.6 million.
35 record-breaking $1.8 billion presidential election Federal Election Commission, new release, “2008 Presidential Campaign Financial Activity Summarized: Receipts Nearly Double 2004 Total,” June 8, 2009. http://www.fec.gov/press/press2009/20090608PresStat.shtml.
36 Charles and David Koch, billionaire owners Amanda Terkel and Ryan Grim, “Koch Brothers, Allies Pledge $100 Million at Private Meeting to Beat Obama,” HuffPost Politics, February 3, 2012. http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/02/03/koch-brothers-100-million-obama_n_1250828.html.
37 American Crossroads and Crossroads GPS Jim Rutenberg and Jeff Zeleny, “ ‘Super PAC,’ Eyeing General Election, Aims Blitz at Obama,” The New York Times, April 8, 2012; T. W. Farnam, “Mystery Donor Gives $10 Million for Attack Ads,” The Washington Post, April 14, 2012.
38 Initially, President Obama had rejected Jeff Zeleny and Jim Rutenberg, “Obama Yields in Marshaling of ‘Super PAC,’ ” The New York Times, February 6, 2012.
39 Fred Wertheimer of Democracy 21 Fred Wertheimer, “Super PACs Can Be Thwarted,” The Washington Post, April 9, 2012.
40 “The loss of civic faith” Gardner, “American Experiment.”
41 Business outspent labor 97 to 1 “Lobbying Database,” Center for Responsive Politics, based on data from Senate Office of Public Records, January 31, 2011, http://www.opensecrets.org; Drutman, The Business of America Is Lobbying, online doctoral thesis, 3–6.
42 “hands off my Medicare” “S.C. Senator Is a Voice of Reform Opposition,” The Washington Post, July 28, 2009; Paul Krugman, “Health Care Realities,” The New York Times, July 31, 2009.
43 94 percent had actually benefited Suzanne Mettler, “Our Hidden Government Benefits,” The New York Times, September 20, 2011.
44 “Housing debt is at the heart” Floyd Norris, “To Revive Economy, Rescue Housing,” The New York Times, December 2, 2011.
45 It cuts consumer demand Mark Lasky and Andrew Gisselquist, “Housing Wealth and Consumer Spending,” Congressional Budget Office, January 2007, 7, http://www.cbo.gov; Binyamin Appelbaum, “Gloom Grips Consumers, and It May Be Home Prices,” The New York Times, October 18, 2011.
46 Cost the U.S. economy Karl E. Case, John M. Quigley, and Robert J. Shiller, “Wealth Effects Revisited 1978–2009” (New Haven, CT: Cowles Foundation, Yale University, February 2011), 30–37, http://cowles.econ.yale.edu.
47 “Consumer spending” Livingston, “It’s Consumer Spending, Stupid.”
48 In Israel “Protests Grow in Israel, with 250,000 Marching,” The New York Times, August 6, 2011.
49 Israelis threw up tent cities “Protests Force Israel to Confront Wealth Gap,” The New York Times, August 11, 2011.
50 “The consumer will feel the government’s decision” “Israeli Cabinet Approves Tax Plan Following Social Protests,” Bloomberg, October 30, 2011, http://www.bloomberg.com.
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