tanks (battle): WSC promotes, 25
Taylor, A. J. P., 380
Taylor, G. I., 283
Teheran conference (1943), 239, 263–4
Teller, Edward: and development of nuclear weapons, 129–30, 257; and Szilárd, 129; and Bohr’s first visit to Site Y, 256; argues for ever more powerful US nuclear artillery, 398
Tennyson, Alfred, 1st Baron: ‘Locksley Hall’, 43, 168, 293
Their Finest Hour (WSC), 342
Thomson, G. P.: working in Imperial College, London, 76; Szilárd proposes chain-reaction process to, 76–8; Bohr visits, 103; Nobel Prize, 124; works on chain-reaction, 124; chairs U-bomb subcommittee, 143–5; regrets Tizard’s resignation, 155; good relations with Lindemann, 155, 158; chairs MAUD committee, 157–8, 181; qualities, 157–8; and sharing information with USA, 160, 182; wife and children evacuated to USA, 161; enrols Frisch and Peierls on Technical subcommittee, 162; writes first draft of MAUD report, 183; visits sick wife in USA, 186; and Oliphant’s outspokenness, 197; stands down as MAUD chairman, 197; and transfer of MAUD to management by ICI executives, 200; on US lack of cooperation, 219; appointed to Advisory Committee on Atomic Energy, 313; and Blackett’s views on nuclear politics, 328; at MIT when WSC speaks, 342; opposes continuation of atomic warfare, 346; on threat of H-bomb, 424; broadcasts, 437–8; later career, 437; membership of Pugwash, 443
Thomson, Sir Joseph John, 52; death, 161
Thomson, Kathleen, 160
Thoughts and Adventures (WSC), 44
Three Mile Island, Pennsylvania, 398
Time magazine, 98, 399
Times, The, 53, 67, 74–5, 104, 150, 171, 219, 351, 449
Titterton, Ernest, 257, 369
Tizard, Henry: WSC excludes, 6, 155, 444; chairs Air Defence Research Committee, 84, 91, 112; clashes with Lindemann, 84, 91, 453; attends Rutherford’s funeral, 88; temporarily improved relations with Lindemann, 114–15; as scientific adviser to Chief of Air Staff, 114; suggests claiming British have built nuclear bomb, to deceive Hitler, 124; Frisch and Peierls present memorandum to, 141, 143; and Lindemann’s dominance as scientific adviser, 149; resigns, 154–5, 159; memo from Hill on U235, 160; denounces Lindemann, 163; leads mission to USA, 164–7, 171; supports WSC’s admission as FRS, 175; on Lindemann’s peerage, 176; urges cooperation with USA, 185; dispatched to Australia by WSC, 236; WSC denies information on Manhattan Project, 267; comments on Blackett’s book on nuclear weapons policy, 325; WSC belittles in war memoirs, 342; at MIT lecture by WSC, 342; allocates funds to defence projects in ‘cake-cutting’ committee, 370; proposes defence based on conventional weapons, 370; on Britain’s decline as power, 373; Cockcroft supports, 413; assesses WSC’s influence on science, 444
Tobruk: surrenders (1942), 210
Tokyo: bombed by USA, 287, 288
Tolman, Richard, 253
Trinity College, Cambridge, 49, 59
Trinity project (first test of Bomb), 288, 293, 297–8, 300–4
Truman, Christine, 449
Truman, Harry S.: on Roosevelt, 130; succeeds to Presidency, 286, 293, 385; attends Potsdam conference, 290, 292–4, 297–302; told of success of Bomb test, 298, 300; initially favourable view of Stalin, 299; informs Stalin of Bomb test, 301–2; and Japanese refusal to surrender, 304; on dropping of Bomb, 310; letter from Attlee advocating cooperation, 314; Attlee meets, 317; unaware of Quebec Agreement, 316, 321; and post-war nuclear policy, 322; Attlee proposes US share nuclear knowledge through UN, 334; and WSC’s ‘Iron Curtain’ speech, 335–6; re-elected (1948), 343; WSC attempts to persuade of Soviet threat, 343; orders development of H-bomb, 346; announces testing of Soviet nuclear device, 350; on outbreak of Korean War, 357; Attlee visits to protest at proposed use of nuclear weapon in Korean War, 360; declines WSC’s request to publish Quebec Agreement, 362; on explosive power of Nagasaki bomb, 367; WSC hopes for nuclear weapons from, 381; WSC visits (January 1952), 384–8
Tube Alloys: develops from MAUD project, 201, 211; under Akers’s management, 201, 211–13, 413; named by Akers, 211; and British collaboration with USA, 206, 210; and US lack of cooperation under Groves, 218–19; morale of its scientists plummets, 219; Bohr appointed special consultant, 247–9, 252; and Chadwick’s acceptance of US supremacy, 285; Oliphant discloses secret information on, 316; WSC drafts account of, 343–4; in WSC’s Hinge of Fate, 363; in Gowing’s book, 440
Tuck, James, 61, 116, 183, 279, 369
Twain, Mark, 39
U-bomb subcommittee: Thomson chairs, 143; secrecy, 157
United Nations: formed, 293; and Korean War, 357
United Nations Atomic Energy Commission, 317, 324
United States of America: embarks on Manhattan Project, 7; arms race with Soviet Russia, 9; WSC’s mother American, 28; WSC ‘half-American and all English’, 39; WSC’s lecture tour (1929), 39; WSC believes war with US conceivable (1927), 39; WSC encourages friendship with, 90; apprehension over nuclear weapons in Scientific American, 104; prominent in nuclear research (1939), 109–10; physics research in, 125–6, 132; refugee scientists in, 125; neutrality, 127, 152, 166, 173; begins development of nuclear weapon, 129–30; WSC aims to bring into war, 152, 170; Hill urges collaboration with, 160; Tizard leads technical mission to, 164–7, 171–2; prospect of collaboration with Britain on nuclear weapons research, 182, 184–6, 203–4; prospective world policing role, 194; offers UK joint role in developing Bomb, 194–5, 198–9, 202–3, 204, 362; Oliphant urges cooperation with, 198; enters war after Pearl Harbor attack, 204; WSC’s first wartime visit (1941), 205; view of British, 205; supposed special relationship with Britain, 206–7; Akers visits, 212–13; takes lead in experimental physics, 213–14; crash programme to build nuclear weapon begins, 215; limits cooperation with British and Canadians, 218–19, 222–3, 226–8; Roosevelt assures WSC of resumption of collaboration on Bomb, 240; and supply of uranium ore, 267, 269; as post-war superpower, 270; and announcements after dropping of Bomb, 312; tensions with USSR (Cold War), 317, 320, 327; seeks overwhelming dominance in nuclear weapons development, 321; WSC supports as globally dominant power, 332; McCarthy’s anti-Communist campaign, 350, 398; air bases in Britain, 357, 361–2; in Korean War, 357; detonates first hydrogen bomb, 388; WSC hopes for supply of nuclear weapons from, 390; relaxes McMahon Act and agrees to share nuclear information with Britain and Canada, 405; renews close nuclear partnership with Britain, 441; WSC awarded honorary citizenship, 454
Uranium 235, 102–3
uranium: nuclear fission discovery, 95, 97–9, 102–3, 111; availability in war, 124; supply of ore, 124–5, 129, 267, 269–70
Uranium Committee (US), 129, 132–3, 197
Urey, Harold, 323
V1 and V2 weapons (German), 268
Van Vleck, John, 367
VE Day (8 May 1945), 286
‘Vision of the Future Through the Eyes of Science’ (WSC), 88
Wall Street Crash (1929), 39, 314
Wallace, Henry, 227
Walton, Ernest: artificially splits atomic nuclei, 55–8; shares Nobel Prize with Cockcroft, 410
Washington Post, 166, 351
Watson-Watt, (Sir) Robert, 85
Waverley, Viscount see Anderson, Sir John
Webb, Beatrice and Sidney, 66
Weisskopf, Viki, 125, 283
Welles, Orson, 135
Welles, Sumner, 209
Wells, H. G.: relations with WSC, 15–16, 18–20, 25, 89–90, 117, 301, 455–6; conceives of ‘atomic bombs’, 15, 21, 23; background and literary career, 16–17, 21, 23; on technology in warfare, 17–18; romances and marriages, 21, 23; on First World War, 24–5; view of Soviet Russia, 26; Lindemann on, 29; foresees harnessing of nuclear energy, 22–3, 47, 52, 100, 101, 311, 394, 456; influence on Szilárd, 75; on scientists in government, 89; wartime suggestions and advice, 117; on WSC’s wartime leadership, 168, 170; gains doctorate, 170; silence on dropping of Bomb, 311; death, 338; and WSC’s visit to Denmark, 359; Anticipations, 17, 168–9; ‘Churchill Must Go’, 301; The Food of the Gods, 295; Men Like God
s, 27; A Modern Utopia, 20; The Open Conspiracy, 73; Star Begotten, 89; The Time Machine, 15–16; The War in the Air, 25; War of the Worlds (radio dramatisation), 135; The Way the World is Going (film scenario), 338; ‘Why Socialists Should Vote for Mr Churchill’, 20; The World Set Free, 15, 21–4, 31, 52, 75–6, 281, 305, 394, 417, 456
West, (Dame) Rebecca, 353
Westminster, Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor, 2nd Duke of (1921), 28
Wheeler, John, 102–3
Wigner, Eugene, 72–3, 103, 129–30, 216
Wilde, Oscar, 16
Williams, Jane, Lady (née Portal), 10, 429
Wilson, Harold (later Baron), 437
Wilson, Woodrow, 130
Wimperis, Harry, 84
Winant, Gil, 304
Windscale, Cumbria see Sellafield
Windsor, Edward, Duke of (earlier King Edward VIII), 86
Windsor, Wallis, Duchess of (earlier Simpson), 86
World Crisis, The (WSC), 27
World Crisis, The: The Aftermath (WSC), 41
Yalta conference (1945), 294
Yugoslavia: Germans invade, 175
Zuckerman, Solly, 164
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