by Juliet Wills
continued. As the Dutch became more ruthless in attempting to repress the independence movement, reprisals became fiercer.
When the safe was blown up and the shop completely looted of every item of jewellery and cash, the families who had built up the store knew it was time to leave.
Five years of violence and fighting culminated in the creation of the Republic of Indonesia in 1950, with an estimated 300,000
Dutch citizens leaving the island in its wake. The Olberg and Davidson families eventually sold up during the 1950s and
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emigrated to Canada, Australia and Amsterdam. There was no longer a Netherlands East Indies government to sue.
Over the years the Olbergs and Davidsons talked of expe-
ditions to Broome to try to recover the diamonds, but these never eventuated. Relatives contacted the Dutch consul in Western Australia asking that if any diamonds were recovered they be returned to the family, but no further diamonds were handed in.
In the 1980s, two men offered to recover the diamonds for Olberg’s daughter, Elly, who resides in Sydney, Australia. The treasure hunters weren’t prepared to take a commission, wanting money up front. She refused.
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Bh1129M-PressProofs.QX5 17/5/06 10:54 AM Page 215 Bookhouse BIBLIOGRAPHY
Bibliography
Books
Bailey, J. (2001) The White Divers of Broome. Sydney, PanMacmillan.
Bain, M. A. (1982) Full Fathom Five. Perth, Artlook Books.
Banfield, E. J. (1908) Confessions of a Beachcomber. Sydney, Angus & Robertson.
Bartlett, N. (1954) The Pearl Seekers. London, Andrew Melrose Ltd.
Byrne, G. & Bolton, G. (2005) May it Please Your Honour: A history of the Supreme Court of Western Australia, 1861–2005. Perth, Scott Print.
Choo, C. (2001) Mission Girls: Aboriginal Women on Catholic Missions in the Kimberley, Western Australia 1900–1950. Perth, University of Western Australia Press.
Coupar, A. (1960) The Smirnoff Story. London, Jarrolds.
Duyken, E. (1987) The Dutch in Australia. Melbourne, AE Press.
Edwards, H. (1984) Port of Pearls: Broome’s First One Hundred Years, Perth, Hugh Edwards.
Edwards, H. (1991) Kimberley: Dreaming to Diamonds. Perth, Hugh Edwards.
Epstein, E. (1982) The Rise and Fall of Diamonds. New York, Simon & Schuster.
Faine, J. (1992) Taken on Oath—A Generation of Lawyers. Sydney, Federation Press.
Idriess, Ion L. (1937) Forty Fathoms Deep. Sydney, Angus & Robertson.
Prime, M. (1992) Broome’s One Day War: The Story of the Japanese Raid on Broome 3rd March 1942. Broome, Broome Historical Society.
215
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Smirnoff, I. (1947) De Toekomst heeft Vleugels [ The Future has Wings].
Amsterdam, Elsevier.
Tyler, W. H. (1986) Flight of Diamonds. Perth, Hesperian Press.
van der Post, L. (1996) The Admiral’s Baby. London, John Murray.
Articles
The West Australian, April–May 1943.
The Northern Times, May 1943.
Daily News, undated article, interview with Major Clifford Gibson (held by the Broome Historical Society).
Bussemaker, H. (1996) ‘Australian Dutch Defence Cooperation 1940–41’. Journal of the Australian War Memorial (29).
Dijkstra, N. (1994) ‘Under the Sydney Harbour Bridge’. 18th Squadron Newsletter, July.
Henderson, J. (1979) ‘Diamonds are (Missing) Forever’. Australian Playboy, November.
Toohey, P. (2005) ‘When War Came to Australia: Our Secret History’. The Bulletin, 13 April.
Archive material
Trial transcripts, Supreme Court of Western Australia, trial of Jack Palmer, James Mulgrue and Frank Robinson, May 1943.
De Javasche Bank diamonds, Secretary’s Department General Correspondence, Commonwealth Bank Records, 1942–1943.
Letter to Commissioner of Police [ JDC typed at base of letter], 5 March 1945, State Archives of Western Australia.
Police Service Records of James Duff Cowie, Peter Meikle Cameron and Detective A. R. Blight, Western Australian Police Historical Society.
Lilian Mulgrue interview, Oral History Transcript, Battye Library Western Australian Collection, 27 August 1981.
‘The Story of What Happened to 205 Squadron at Broome, Western Australia’
(with some extracts from Appendix 1 to the 205 Squadron Log), undated and author not noted, Broome Historical Society.
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Written accounts from survivors of the Broome air raid
Henri Marinus Juta, Instituut voor Maritieme Historie, The Hague.
Sophia van Tour, Instituut voor Maritieme Historie, The Hague.
Lucas Bruinsma, D. Swierstra, The Netherlands, 1990.
Lt Cornelis Fekke Amsterdam, D. Swierstra, The Netherlands, 1990.
Frederika Wilhehnina van Emmerik, D. Swierstra, The Netherlands, 1990.
Frits Julius Wissel, D. Swierstra, The Netherlands, 1990.
Marjorie Bardwell, Broome Historical Society, Western Australia, 1971.
Catharina Komen-Blommert & Hans Komen, Broome Historical Society, Western Australia, 2000.
Robert Lacomble, 1992 (author).
Constable Leslie William Menhennett, undated account of Japanese raids on Broome, Broome Historical Society, Western Australia.
Elly Koens, Broome Historical Society, Western Australia, 2002.
Mrs Doorman, Broome Historical Society, Western Australia.
Other written accounts
Brother Richard Bessenfelder, La Grange, Battye Library, 1977.
Leon Vanderburg, 1972 (W. H. Tyler, Flight of Diamonds, 1986).
Web pages
‘Australia’s War 1939–1945 Fall of Java’, Australian Government Department of Veteran Affairs Commonwealth of Australia, 2000.
www.ww2australia.gov.au/japadvance/qantas.html
Biemond, A. (2004) ‘A guest of the Japanese in the Dutch Indies’, moderated WWII newsgroup posted by Dan Ford. www.warbirdforum.com/biemond.htm Birrell, F. (2002) ‘The History of the Beagle Bay Mission’.
www.shsbeaglebay.wa.edu.au/history.htm
Duffy, G. (2000) ‘Life and Death on the Death Railway through the Jungles of Sumatra’. www.usmm.org/duffylifedeath.html
Dunn, P. (2000) ‘Crash of a Japanese Fighter Aircraft; Destruction of Fifteen Flying Boats, Two B-17 Flying Fortresses, Two B-24 Liberators, Two
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Lockheed Hudsons, Two Dc-3’s and a Lockheed Lodestar on 3 March 1942
During A Japanese Air Raid On Broome’. home.st.net.au/~dunn/wa12.htm Dunn, P. (2000) ‘Captain Ivan Smirnoff ’. home.st.net.au/~dunn/smirnoff.htm Ganse, A. (2001; rev. 2004) ‘World War II: Dutch East India’. World History at KMLA. www.zum.de/whkmla/region/seasia/wwiidei.html
Gibbs, J. A. & Jenkins (Captain) S. (1998) ‘Western Australia The War Years 1939–1945’. www2.tpg.com.au/users/vk6pg/vk6sig/waryears.htm#1942
Graham, W. B. (2001) ‘Empire C Class Flying Boats’. www.adf-serials.com Jubbs, L. (2001) ‘The Forgotten Era of Men and Vessels’.
www.futurepd.org/les/Documents/NewBook%20F.pdf
Klemen, L. (2001) ‘The Forgotten Campaign: The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942’. www.geocities.com/dutcheastindies/
Klemen, L. (1999–2002) ‘The conquest of Java Island March 1942’.
www.geocities.com/dutcheastindies/java.html
Kroupnik, V. ‘The Incredible Adventure of the Russian Airman Ivan Smirnoff in Australia’. www.argo.net.au/andre/smirnovENFIN.htm
Lewendon, R.
J. ‘Extracts from Gunners in Java—1942’. COFEPOW—The Children (& Families) of the Far East Prisoners of War.
www.cofepow.org.uk/pages/asia_java2.htm
Lockwood, R. (1970) ‘Indonesian Exiles in Australia 1942–47’.
66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:8qoYNZRJszsJ:e-
publishing.library.cornell.edu/DPubS/
Repository/1.0/Disseminate/seap.indo/1107123627/body/pdf McCarthy, M., Green, J., Jung, S. and Souter, C. (2002) ‘The Broome flying boats: Papers relating to the nomination of a suite of World War II flying boat wrecks in Broome to the Register of Heritage Places under the Heritage of Western Australia Act 1990’ , report, Department of Maritime Archeology, WA Maritime Museum.
66.102.7.104/search?q=cache:ZXP0uyzALuUJ:www.museum.wa.gov.au/mm/Mus eum/march/fallenangels/broome.doc
Mackersey, I. (1999) ‘Smithy’.
www.ianmackersey.com/kingsford_smith_book/kingsford_smith_book.html Michman, D. (2004) ‘“Turquoise, Sapphire and Diamond” to “Mazal U’brachah”: Jews in the Diamond Trade in Modern History’. Bar-Ilan University Torah portion. www.biu.ac.il/JH/Parasha/eng/tetzaveh/michman.html Modern History Sourcebook. ‘Pearl Harbor Attack Documents, 1941 From: Navy Department To: CinCUS, Pearl Harbor Date: 27 Nov. 41’.
www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1941PEARL.html
Oliver, P. (2004) ‘ Interpreting “Japanese Activities” in Australia 1888–1945’.
Australian War Memorial Journal, www.awm.gov.au/journal/j36/oliver.htm
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Taylan, J. and Kessling, D. ‘Kalidjati (Kalijati, Karichagi) Airfield’. Pacific Wrecks 1997–2005. www.pacificwrecks.com
US Army Center of Military History (2003) ‘The East Indies’. CMH Pub 72–22. www.army.mil/cmh-pg/brochures/eindies/eindies.htm Wallace, R. R. (2001) ‘The Gold Vault in Broken Hill Gaol’. Broken Hill Historical Society.
www.peoplesvoice.gov.au/stories/nsw/brokenhill/brokenhill_w_gold.htm Western Australian Museum (2003) ‘Zero Hour, 3rd March 1942’.
www.museum.gov.au/mm/Museum/march/treasures/zerohour/doco_a.html Interviews
Pieter Cramerus, interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Carel Davidson (son of David Davidson), interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Flora Davidson (daughter of David Davidson), interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Jo Muller, interviewed by Thom Olink, Haagse Courant, 1972.
Gus Winckel, interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005, and Marianne van Velzen, 2004.
Henk Hasselo, interviewed by Marianne van Velzen, 2004, and Juliet Wills, 2005.
Elly Doeland (nee Koens), interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Father Kevin McKelson, interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Elly Festinger (nee Olberg), interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Frans Olberg, interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
Willy Piers (grandson of Cornelia Piers, who died in Broome on 3 March 1942), interviewed by Juliet Wills and Marianne van Velzen, 2005.
Daryll and Cheryl Mulgrue (grandchildren of James and Lilian Mulgrue), interviewed by Juliet Wills, 2005.
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Bh1129M-PressProofs.QX5 17/5/06 10:54 AM Page 221 Bookhouse ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Acknowledgments
Thank you to the following people and institutions for their assistance in producing this book:
Pieter Cramerus—his assistance in writing this book has
been priceless.
Historian Mervyn Prime, whose dedication in recording the events and collecting photographs and personal accounts of the Broome air raid have ensured that this part of Australia’s history is not forgotten.
Stephen Fleay, Bandung, Indonesia, for photographs and
descriptions of locations in Bandung.
The Broome Historical Society for answering an endless
round of questions and providing photographs and published material.
The Battye Library, Western Australia.
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Thomas Dercksen, former Dutch Consul in Western Australia for assisting in translation of De Toekomst heeft Vleugels.
Arrow Pearl Farms and Pearl Luggers Museum, Broome, for
accommodation in Beagle Bay and assistance with research.
Dave McKenzie, Arrow Pearl Farms, Beagle Bay, for assisting in the search for the crash site at Carnot Bay.
L. Klemen and B. Kossen, webmaster: ‘Forgotten Campaign:
The Dutch East Indies Campaign 1941–1942’, for locating
historical information.
Father Bernard Arnali, Beagle Bay.
The Beagle Bay community.
The Daan family, Broome.
Sue Poelina, Broome.
Veteran Wireless Operators Association.
The Western Australia Police.
Tracy Howard, Middle Lagoon, Western Australia for her
expert knowledge of the area.
John Wills and Graeme Charlwood.
Document Outline
Title Page
CONTENTS
MAP
PREFACE
PROLOGUE
Part One: Flight, Death and Survival Chapter One: Evacuation
Chapter Two: Destruction
Chapter Three: Marooned
Chapter Four: Death and Desperation
Chapter Five: Survival
Chapter Six: Beagle Bay Rescue
Chapter Seven: Where are the diamonds?
Part Two: Diamonds Galore Chapter Eight: The Old Pearler
Chapter Nine: The Beachcomber
Chapter Ten: The Treasure
Chapter Eleven: An Attack of Conscience?
Chapter Twelve: The Trial
Chapter Thirteen: Diamond Forever
Epilogue
Bibliography
Acknowledgements