Newton and the Counterfeiter: The Unknown Detective Career of the World's Greatest Scientist

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Newton and the Counterfeiter: The Unknown Detective Career of the World's Greatest Scientist Page 32

by Thomas Levenson

]

  attempts by, to convict

  Chaloner, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  and Boyle, [>], [>]

  builds case against Chaloner, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  at Cambridge, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  on Chaloner, [>], [>]

  Chaloner's accusations against, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Chaloner's letters of appeal to, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  childhood of, [>]–[>]

  counterfeiters' resentment of, [>]–[>]

  death of and epitaphs for, [>]–[>], [>]

  as detective, [>]-[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  determines to track down Chaloner, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  experiments on himself, [>]–[>], [>]

  fame of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  farming background of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  interrogations by, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  last years of, [>]–[>]

  mental breakdown of, [>]–[>], [>]

  notebooks of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  personal characteristics of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  recoinage project of, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  and religion, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  as Royal Mint's Master, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  as Royal Mint's Warden, [>]-[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  on silver devaluation, [>]–[>], [>]

  as victim of pyramid scheme, [>]–[>]

  See also Knowledge;

  Mathematics; titles of works by and scientific subjects studied by

  Newton, Isaac (father), [>]

  "Nip," [>]

  North America, [>], [>]

  Norwich (England), [>]

  Old Bailey (London criminal court), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Oldenburg, Henry, [>]

  Opticks (Newton), [>]–[>]

  Optics (in physics), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Orphans' Fund, City of London, [>]

  Paper

  currency, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  scarcity of, in Newton's time, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Parabola, [>]

  Parliament, [>], [>]

  and Bank of England, [>]–[>]

  Chaloner's appearances before, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Chaloner's attempts to trick, [>], [>]

  currency investigations of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  makes counterfeiting a treasonous crime, [>]

  Newton's defense of his actions before, [>]

  punishments set by, for counterfeiting operations, [>]

  recoinage approved by, [>]

  revenue-raising schemes of, [>], [>]–[>]

  on South Sea Company, [>]

  See also Convention Parliament

  Passbooks, [>]

  Patronage

  not available to Chaloner, [>]

  for Newton, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  in Royal Mint, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Patterson, William, [>]

  Payne, Harry Neville, [>]

  Pearce, Zachary, [>]

  Peel, Robert, [>]

  Peers, John, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Peine forte et dure, [>]

  Pembroke, Earl of, [>]

  Pendulums, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Pepys, Samuel, [>]

  and Newton's breakdown, [>], [>]

  on the plague, [>], [>]

  as Royal Mint visitor, [>]–[>], [>]

  Perkins (smith), [>]

  Pewter, [>], [>]

  coins of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Phelps-Brown, E. H., [>]

  Philosophiæ naturalis principia mathematica (Newton). See Principia (Newton)

  Physics (natural philosophy), [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  religious implications of Newton's, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  See also specific concepts in

  Pickpockets, [>]

  Pillory, [>], [>], [>]

  Pistoles, [>]

  Chaloner denies ability to make, [>]

  Chaloner's production of counterfeit, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Miller's passing of, [>]–[>]

  Plague (bubonic), [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  "Pleading one's belly," [>]–[>]

  Pope, Alexander, [>]

  Portsmouth, Earl of, [>]

  Praxis (Newton), [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Price, Aubrey, [>], [>]

  Principality of Wales exactly described, The (map collection), [>]

  Principia (Newton), [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  copy of, as gift for Locke, [>]

  errors in, [>]

  publication of, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  reception of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  religious implications of, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  second edition of, [>], [>]

  Prisms, [>]

  Privy Council, [>]

  Proposals Humbly Offered, for Passing, an Act to Prevent Clipping and Counterfeiting of Money (Chaloner), [>]–[>]

  Prostitution (in London), [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Protection rackets, [>]–[>], [>]

  Puritanism, [>]

  Pyramid schemes, [>]

  Quakers, [>]

  Quœstiones quœdam Philosophicœ (Newton), [>], [>]

  Quested, Samuel and Mary, [>]–[>]

  Rack (for torture), [>]–[>]

  Radnor, Lord, [>]

  Railton, Mr. Justice, [>]–[>]

  Rain gauges, [>]

  "Rational mechanics," [>]

  Reasons Humbly Offered Against Passing an Act for Raising Ten Thousand Pounds (Chaloner), [>]–[>]

  Recoinage

  Chaloner's proposals regarding, [>]–[>]

  cost of, [>]

  goals of, [>]

  Newton's proposals regarding, [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  process of, [>]–[>], [>]

  results of, [>], [>]

  Religion. See Anglican Church; Catholicism; Jews; Theology

  Reuss, Benjamin, [>]

  Rewards

  for Chaloner's arrest, [>], [>]

  for convictions of counterfeiters, [>], [>], [>]

  for information about counterfeiters, [>]

  for information about Jacobite sedition, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Rewse, Bodenham, [>]

  Reynell, Richard, [>], [>]

  Royal Astronomical Society, [>]

  Royal Mint

  Chaloner's allegations about counterfeiting and theft at, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Chaloner's attempts to gain access to, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  coin-making by, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  edging machines in, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  groats produced by, [>]

  location of, [>], [>], [>]

  Newton as Master of, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Newton as Warden of, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  patronage in, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  recoinage by, [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Warden's duties at, [>], [>], [>]

  See also Neale, Thomas

  Royal Society

  founders of, [>]

  on gravity, [>]–[>], [>]

  Halley as member of, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Hooke's experiments for, [>]–[>]

  Newton as member of, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Newton as president of, [>]

  Philosophical Transactions of, [>]

  Royal Society Club, [>]

  Rye House Plot, [>]

  St. Paul's Cathedral (London), [>], [>], [>]

  Saturn, [>], [>]


  Saunders, Henry, [>]–[>]

  Schaffer, Simon, 258nn, [>], [>], [>]

  Schoock, Martin, [>]–[>]

  Scientific method, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Scientific revolution, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  and concept of money as an abstraction, [>]–[>], [>]

  new enterprises fostered by, [>]

  Newton's role in, [>]

  precise-measure instruments as part of, [>]–[>], [>]

  Scotland

  Holloway family escapes to, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  as safe haven from English law, [>]

  torture in, [>]

  Scriptural exegesis. See Theology

  Secrecy

  as alchemical tradition, [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  about Royal Mint's edging process, [>], [>]

  Sensorium (divine), [>]–[>], [>]

  Sewage, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Shakespeare, William, [>]–[>], [>]

  Sherwood, Thomas, [>]

  Shoplifters, [>]

  Silver

  in alchemy, [>]

  devaluation of, [>]–[>], [>]

  recoining of England's, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  in Royal Mint, [>]

  trade in, between England and Europe, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  for use in counterfeiting, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  See also Great Recoinage

  Sizars (at Cambridge), [>], [>]

  Smallpox, [>]

  Smith, Adam, [>]

  Smith, Barnabas, [>], [>]

  Smith, Hannah Newton. See Newton, Hannah

  Smithfield (London), [>]

  "Snap," [>]

  Sodom, or the Quintessence of Debauchery (play), [>]

  Sound (in physics), [>]

  South Sea Bubble, [>]–[>]

  South Sea Company, [>]–[>]

  Spain, [>]

  Stokes, William, [>]–[>]

  Sturbridge Fair (England), [>], [>]

  Sturm, Johann, [>]

  Sulfur (in alchemy), [>]

  Sun, [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Sundials, [>]

  Swift, Jonathan, [>]

  Taylor, Thomas, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Telescopes, [>]

  Theology

  Locke's interest in, [>]

  Newton's interest in, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Thermometers, [>], [>]

  Thief-takers, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Thompson, David, [>]

  Tides, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Time (in physics), [>]

  Time-and-motion studies, [>]–[>]

  Tompion, Thomas, [>]

  Torture, [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Tower of London. See Royal Mint

  Townsend, Mary, [>]

  Transportation (as punishment), [>]

  Treason

  counterfeiting money as, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  Jacobite sedition as, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Treasury (British)

  and currency crisis, [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  and King William's wars, [>]

  and Malt Lottery scheme, [>]–[>]

  Newton's orders from, [>]

  paper currency employed by, [>]

  patronage in, [>]

  public faith in, [>]

  rewards paid to Chaloner by, [>]

  Trinity College (Cambridge University)

  Newton as fellow at, [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Newton as Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Newton as student at, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Newton contemplates leaving, for religious reasons, [>]

  Newton leaves, for London, [>]

  Newton's alchemical laboratory at, [>]

  Tuberculosis, [>]

  Tull, Jethro, [>]

  Turpin, Dick, [>]

  Tyburn hangings, [>], [>], [>]–[>]

  Typhus ("jail fever"), [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Vernon, James, [>], [>]–[>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Wales, Tim, [>]

  Wallace, William, [>]

  Ware (England), [>]

  War of Spanish Succession, [>]

  War of the Grand Alliance, [>], [>]

  Watchmaking, [>], [>]

  Water clocks, [>]

  Water quality (in London), [>]

  Wave dynamics (in physics), [>]

  Weather observations, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>]

  Westfall, Richard, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  West Indies, [>]

  Westminster Abbey (London), [>]–[>]

  White, Thomas, [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]

  Whiteside, D. T., [>]

  Whitfield, John, [>]–[>], [>]–[>]

  Whitson, William, [>]

  Wickens, John, [>], [>]

  Wild, Jonathan, [>]

  William III (king of England), [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  appoints Newton Warden of Royal Mint, [>]

  names for wars of, [>]

  recoinage approved by, [>]

  and torture, [>]

  war expenses of, [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Wilmot, John (Earl of Rochester), [>]

  Wilson, Samuel, [>]

  Wind gauges, [>]

  Winter's Tale, The (Shakespeare), [>]–[>]

  Woburn Abbey, [>]

  Woolsthorpe (England), [>], [>], [>]–[>], [>]

  Wren, Christopher, [>], [>], [>], [>], [>]

  * * *

  Table of Contents

  Title Page

  Front

  Part I

  1. "Except God"

  2. "The Prime of My Age"

  3. "I Have Calculated It"

  4. "The Incomparable Mr. Newton"

  Part II

  5. "The Greatest Stock of Impudence"

  6. "Every Thing Seem'd to Favour His Undertakings"

  Part III

  7. "All Species of Metals ... from This Single Root"

  8. "Thus You May Multiply to Infinity"

  9. "Sleeping Too Often by My Fire"

  Part IV

  10. "The Undoing of the Whole Nation"

  11. "Our Beloved Isaac Newton"

  12. "Stifling the Evidence Against Him"

  13. "His Old Trick"

  14. "A Thing Impossible"

  Part V

  15. "The Warden of the Mint Is a Rogue"

  16. "Boxefulls of Informations in His Own Handwriting"

  17. "I Had Been Out Before Now but for Him"

  18. "A New and Dangerous Way of Coining"

  Part VI

  19. "To Accuse and Vilify the Mint"

  20. "At This Rate the Nation May Be Imposed Upon"

  21. "He Had Got His Business Done"

  22. "If Sr Be Pleased..."

  23. "If I Die I Am Murthered"

  24. "A Plain and Honest Defence"

  25. "O I Hope God Will Move Yor Heart"

  Back

 

 

 


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