The Churchills

by Mary S. Lovell

  Hudson's Bay Company

  Hurlingham polo club*

  Hussein ibn Ali

  India; official visit to by Prince of Wales (1875)

  Iraq mandate

  Ireland; 7th Duke of Marlborough as Lord Lieutenant; Churchills exiled to; foxhunting in; Irish question (post-Great War)

  Ironside, General

  Ja’far Al-Askeri

  James II, King (formerly James, Duke of York)*

  Jennings, Sarah see Marlborough, Sarah, 1st Duchess of (née Jennings)

  Jerome, Clarissa (Clara, née Hall); marriage to Leonard Jerome (1849); Native American inheritance; ball in honour of Prince of Wales (1860); life in Paris (from 1867); Cowes Week and; courtship of Jennie and Randolph; wedding of Jennie and Randolph (15 April 1874); death of (2 April 1895)* Jerome, Clarita (Clara Frewen) see Frewen, Clara (née Jerome, ‘Clarita’) Jerome, Leonard; Blandford and

  Jerome, Leonie (Leonie Leslie); Iroquois strain and*; on Jennie’s wedding (1874); marriage to John Leslie; Jennie-Charles Kinsky affair and; death of mother Clara (2 April 1895); financial problems*; furnishes 105 Mount Street for WSC; on Pamela Plowden; recommends Eddie Marsh to WSC; lover of Duke of Connaught; death of son Norman in Great War; Randolph’s cause of death and

  Jerome Park racecourse

  Jews*

  Kaiserworth, capture of (1702)

  Kapurthala, Maharajah of

  Keith, Dr George

  Kennedy, Joe (Jnr)

  Kennedy, John F.

  Kennedy, Joseph

  Kennedy, Kathleen (‘Kick’)

  Kennedy family

  Kent, Duke of

  Keppel, Mrs Alice*

  Keyserling, Hermann

  Kinross, Patrick

  Kinsky, Count Charles

  Kitchener, Lord

  Knollys, Francis

  Korean War (1950-3)

  Labour Party*; forms first government (January 1924); second government of (1929); 1945 election victory; 1951 election defeat

  Ladysmith, relief of (February 1900)

  land duty

  Langley Park

  Lansdowne, Maude, Lady

  Lansdowne, Lord*

  Lascelles, Sir Alan

  Lavery, Hazel

  Lawrence, T.E.

  Leeds Castle (Kent)

  Leslie, Anita*

  Leslie, Jack

  Leslie, Norman

  Leslie, Shane

  Liberal Party; 1906 election victory

  Lind, Jenny

  Lindbergh, Charles

  Lindemann, Professor Frederick A. (‘The Prof’)

  Lloyd George, David; WSC and*; becomes Prime Minister (December 1916); leads postwar coalition government

  London blitz

  Londonderry, Edith (‘Edie’), Lady (née Chaplin)

  Londonderry, Marquess of

  Londonderry, Theresa, Lady

  Longespée, Sir William†

  Losch, Tilly

  Louis XIV, King of France*

  Luce, Clare

  Lugard, Lady

  Lushington, Captain

  Lytton, Victor, Lord

  Maastricht, siege of (1673)

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington

  MacDonald, Ramsay

  Maclean, Brigadier Fitzroy

  Macmillan, Harold

  Mafeking, siege of (1899 - 1900)

  Mahon, Lt- General Sir Bryan

  Mandeville, Lady (Consuelo Yznaga, Duchess of Manchester)* *

  Margaret, Princess

  Marlborough, Charles Richard Spencer Churchill, 9th Duke of (‘Sunny’): marriages see Deacon, Gladys; Marlborough, Consuelo, 9th Duchess of (née Vanderbilt, later Balsan); birth of; plays with WSC in childhood; 7th Duchess (grandmother) and*; relationship with father; becomes Duke (November 1992); friendship with WSC; Blenheim Palace and; sees WSC in New York (November 1895); four-month honeymoon; Spencer House residence; foxhunting and; named Postmaster General to the Armed Forces (October 1899); Assistant Military Secretary to Lord Roberts; involvement in Boer War; with WSC during Boer War; political donation to WSC; WSC on; overlooked for Lord Lieutenant of Ireland post; Under-Secretary for the Colonies; family portrait by Sargent; aids WSC in courtship of Clementine; accompanies Consuelo to WSC’s wedding; excluded from court events; on WSC’s flying lessons; on Jennie’s third marriage; Great War and; on increase of minimum wage; divorce from Consuelo (1921); electioneering by; conversion to Catholicism; No. 7 Carlton House Terrace residence; returns to favour with royalty; death of (30 June 1934)

  Marlborough, Charles Spencer, 3rd Duke of

  Marlborough, Consuelo, 9th Duchess of (née Vanderbilt, later Balsan): as candidate for Sunny’s ‘American heiress’ mother Alva’s marriage plans for; upbringing of; extended world tour (1893); Lady Paget arranges debut of; meets ‘Sunny’ Winthrop Rutherfurd’s courtship of; relationship with Winford sabotaged by mother; marriage to Sunny (November 1895); four-month honeymoon; dislike of Lady Sarah Wilson; ‘Goosie’ and; welcomed to England as newly-wed; WSC and; at Blenheim Palace; social season and; as hostess; birth of son John Albert Edward (September 1897); Gladys Deacon and; birth of son Ivor (October 1898); marriage difficulties; affair with Paul Helleu; deafness of; charitable work; Sunderland House residence (Curzon Street); family portrait by Sargent; love affair with Castlereagh; separation from Sunny; Christmas 1907 at Blagdon; accompanies Sunny to WSC’s wedding; views on suffragettes; excluded from court events; public sympathy for in USA; literary admirers of; Great War and; relationship with Jacques Balsan; delivers Priestley lecture, 317–18; Crowhurst Place residence; as London county councillor; Catholicism and; divorce from Sunny (1921); moves permanently to France; marriage to Jacques Balsan (4 July, 1921); annulment of marriage; Le Seuil residence; Saint Georges-Motel (near Dreux); returns to Blenheim (from 1934); supports Munich Agreement; Second World War and; first post-WW2 visit to France; lives in USA post-WW2; dislike of Randolph; The Glitter and the Gold (1953); death of (1964)

  Marlborough, Frances Anne Spencer Churchill, 7th Duchess of (Duchess Fanny): upbringing of children and; Lord Randolph as favourite of; marriage plans for Lord Randolph; fails to attend Lord Randolph’s wedding; Jennie Churchill and; attends at WSC’s birth; family quarrel over Blandford’s ring; Aylesford affair and; Irish Relief Fund and; moves out of Blenheim; electioneering by; Lord Randolph’s ‘resignation’ letter and; discharges Mrs Everest; Lord Randolph’s will and; convinces Sunny to marry for money; attitude to WSC; on Sunny’s marriage; Consuelo and; birth of ‘Bert’ Blandford and; death of (16 April 1899)

  Marlborough, George Spencer, 4th Duke of* *

  Marlborough, George Spencer Churchill, 5th Duke of

  Marlborough, George Spencer Churchill, 6th Duke of

  Marlborough, George Spencer Churchill, 8th Duke of (Blandford): first marriage 106 see also Blandford, Albertha Frances Ann, Marchioness of (‘Goosie’); childhood and education; on Lord Randolph’s marriage; at Lord Randolph’s wedding; family quarrel over gift of ring to Jennie; Jennie Churchill and; affair/elopement with Lady Aylesford; Prince of Wales and; sale of Blenheim treasures; Campbell divorce case and; becomes Duke (July 1883); scientific talent of; Liberal politics of; second marriage; death of (9 November 1892); will of

  Marlborough, Henrietta, 2nd Duchess of

  Marlborough, John Albert Edward Spencer Churchill, 10th Duke of (Blandford): birth of (18 September 1897); in Singer Sargent portrait; education; in love with actress; service in Great War; marriage to Alexandra Mary Cadogan (17 February 1920); No. 1 Portman Square residence; annulment of parents’ marriage and; becomes 10th Duke (June 1933); military liaison officer in WW2; opens Blenheim to the public; death of wife Mary (1961); death of mother Consuelo (1964); at Montego Bay; death of (1972); second marriage

  Marlborough, John Churchill, 1st Duke of; thrift of§; wife Sarah Jennings and; entail in will of

  Marlborough, John Spencer Churchill, 11th Duke of

  Marlborough, John Winston Spencer Churchill, 7th Duke of; Aylesford affair
and; Lord Lieutenant of Ireland; financial problems; death of (July 1883)

  Marlborough, Lady Caroline Spencer, 4th Duchess of

  Marlborough, Lily, Duchess of (Mrs Lilian Hammersley, ‘Duchess Lily’)*

  Marlborough, Mary, 10th Duchess of (Honourable Alexandra Mary Cadogan)

  Marlborough, Sarah, 1st Duchess of (née Jennings); husband John Churchill and; Blenheim spaniels legend*

  Marlborough Gems

  Marlborough House (London)

  ‘Marlborough House set’

  Married Woman’s Property Act (1882)*

  Marsh, Edward

  Martin, John

  Mary II, Queen*

  masked balls

  Maugham, Somerset

  Maze, Paul

  McMahon, Sir Henry

  Middle East after Great War

  Middleton, Captain George (‘Bay’)

  Minterne House (Dorset)*

  Minto, 4th Earl of (Gilbert John Elliot-Murray)

  Mitford, Bertie (1st Baron Redesdale)

  Mitford, Clementine

  Mitford, Debo

  Mitford, Diana (later Guinness and Mosley); wartime imprisonment*; Randolph’s crush on; Hitler and; relationship and marriage with Mosley

  Mitford, Jessica (Decca)*

  Mitford, Nancy*

  Mitford, Sydney (Lady Redesdale)

  Mitford, Tom

  Mitford, Unity

  Mitford family*

  Molyneux, Edward

  Monaco, Princess Grace of

  Monmouth, James, Duke of

  Montagu, Edwin* Montagu, Judy

  Montagu, Venetia (Venetia Stanley)‡

  Montague Browne, Anthony†

  Moran, Lord (Sir Charles Wilson)**; in USA with WSC (1941-2); WSC’s ‘small arterial spasm’ (February 1952); WSC’s ‘slow leak’ (June 1953); death of WSC and; Winston Churchill: The Struggle for Survival (1966)

  Morrison, Herbert

  Morton, Major Desmond

  Mosley, Oswald; wartime imprisonment

  Mountbatten, Lord Louis†

  Moyne, Lord; assassination of (6 November 1944)*

  Munich Agreement (September 1938)

  Murrow, Edward R.

  Mussolini, Benito; death of (28 April 1945)

  Napoleon III, Emperor of France

  Narvik, battles of (1940)

  Nazi Germany; WSC’s concerns about in 1930s; invasion of Poland (August 1939); invasion of Norway and Denmark (April 1940); invasion of Holland and Belgium (May 1940); see also Hitler, Adolf

  New York ‘Knickerbocker’ families

  Nicolson, Harold

  Niven, David

  Norfolk, Duke of

  Northcote, Sir Stafford

  Northumberland, Duke of

  Norton, Sarah

  Norwegian campaign (WW2)

  Ogilvy family

  Oliver, Vic

  Omdurman, Battle of (1898)*

  Onassis, Aristotle

  Onassis, Athena (‘Tina’)

  Osborne, June

  Osborne House

  the Other Club

  Oxford University

  Pakenham, Frank (later Lord Longford)

  Palestine mandate

  Pankhurst family*

  Parnell, Charles Stewart

  Patti, Adelina

  Peel, Sydney

  Peel, Sir Robert

  Pétain, Marshal Philippe

  Philip, Prince

  Philip, Terence

  Pickford, Mary

  Plowden, Pamela (later Pamela Lytton); as WSC’s first love; Jennie Churchill and; marriage to Lord Lytton

  Pol-Roger, Odette

  Pope, Alexander

  Porch, Montague

  Portal, Lord

  Portarlington, Lady

  Prince, HMS

  Proust, Marcel

  Radziwill, Princess Dorothy

  railway system

  Rainier, Prince

  Ramsden, Major Caryl

  rationing, postwar

  Ravensdale, Irene, Lady

  Rawlinson, Sir Henry

  Redesdale, Lady (Sydney Mitford)

  Redesdale, ‘Bertie’, 1st Baron (Bertie Mitford)

  Redesdale, David, Lord

  Rêve d’Or villa (near Cannes)

  Reves, Emery

  Reynolds, Sir Joshua

  Ribbentrop, Joachim von

  Richard I, King (the Lionheart)† Ridley family

  Roberts, Lord

  Roden, Earls of

  Rodin, Auguste

  Romilly, Bertram

  Romilly, Esmond; death of (1941)

  Romilly, Giles; wartime imprisonment in Germany

  Romilly, Nellie (née Hozier); birth and childhood of; captured by Germans (August 1914); marriage to Bertram Romilly (1915); suicide of twin Bill; Misdeal (novel); rebelliousness of son Esmond; marriage of son Esmond (1938); capture of son Giles (1940); death of son Esmond (1941); death of (1954)

  Ronalds, Fanny

  Roose, Dr Robson

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano (FDR)*; Bernard Baruch and*; Averell Harriman and; cable to Ed Murrow; at Tehran conference (November 1943); at second Quebec Conference; death of (12 April 1945)*

  Roosevelt, Theodore

  Rosebery, Lord

  Rota the lion

  Rothermere, Lord

  Rothschild family

  Rotten Row (Hyde Park)

  Royal Naval Air Service (RNAS)

  Royal Navy; Dardanelles campaign (1915) and; Second World War and

  Royal Yacht Squadron

  Russell, Wendy

  Rutherfurd, Winthrop

  Salisbury, 3rd Marquess of (Robert Cecil)*; minority government (1885); appoints Lord Randolph Chancellor of the Exchequer; Lord Randolph’s ‘resignation’ letter to

  Sandhurst†*

  Sandringham

  Sandys, Duncan; Second World War service; Duchess of Argyll divorce case (1963) and

  Sandys, Edwina

  Sandys, Julian

  Sargent, John Singer

  Sassoon, Sir Philip

  Sasun Heskay

  Scapa Flow

  Schneider Trophy

  Scrivings, George

  Second World War: lead up to (1938-9); British declaration of war (3 September 1939); early period of; Royal Oak sunk at Scapa Flow (1939); significance of aviation; ‘phoney war’ fall of France (June 1940); blitzing raids by Luftwaffe; Pearl Harbor attack (7 December 1941); battle of El Alamein (October 1942); Tehran conference (November 1943); Yalta conference (1945)†; D-Day (6 June 1944); German bombing campaign on London (1944); V1 and V2 missiles; Victory in Europe Day (8 May 1945); Potsdam conference (July 1945); atom bomb assaults on Japan; Japanese surrender (14 August 1945)

  Shaw, George Bernard

  Shirer, William

  Sickert, Walter

  Sidney Street siege (1911)

  Simpson, Wallis (Duchess of Windsor)

  Sinclair, Archibald

  Sitwell, Edith

  Smith, F.E. (Lord Birkenhead)*; as closest friend of WSC; on WSC’s flying lessons; handle’s Jennie’s divorce case; death of (September 1930)

  Smith, Freddie (son of F.E.)

  Smith, W.H.

  Smollett, Tobias

  Sneyd-Kynnersley, Revd. H.W.

  Soames, Christopher; political career; Randolph’s jealousy of; Ambassador to France; death of (1987)

  Soames, Mary, Lady (née Churchill); on WSC’s defecting from Conservatives; on Clementine’s father*; on WSC’s first meeting with Clementine; birth of (15 September 1922); on Chartwell family occasions; on Randolph’s behaviour; electioneering by; on Chartwell staff cottage; Cousin Moppet and; education; relationship with mother; on Terence Philip; Sarah’s elopement (1936) and; on WSC’s reaction to Munich (1938); at Blenheim (Christmas 1938); holiday at Dreux (August 1939); at Chartwell; Second World War service; in 10 Downing Street air-raid shelter; at Chequers (Christmas 1940); engagement (1941); on WSC’s wartime stress (1942); on Pamela and Randolph’s separation; on WSC�
��s health; on mother’s wartime stress; holiday to Hendaye (July 1945); 1945 election and; attends Potsdam conference (July 1945); on postwar return to Chartwell; Clementine Churchill (1981)*; nurses Sarah in Rome (1946); engagement to Christopher Soames; marriage to Christopher Soames (February 1947); runs farm at Chartwell; on WSC’s hostility to Beauchamp; accompanies WSC to Riviera (September 1953); on parents’ later years; joins mother in St Moritz (1955); on WSC’s Riviera villa plan; lives at Hamsell Manor; on WSC’s old age; sister Diana’s death and; on death of WSC; Lady Companion of the Garter (2005); Speaking for Themselves

  Soames, Nicholas

  social season, English*; Cowes Regatta; Prince and Princess of Wales and

  Solebay, battle of (June 1672)

  Somerset, Duke of

  Soviet Union

  Spanish Civil War

  Spencer, Charles, 3rd Earl of Sunderland‡

  Spencer, John (‘Jack’)

  Spencer, Lady Diana (Duchess of Bedford, 1710–1735)

  Spencer Churchill, Anne (Duchess of Roxburghe)

  Spencer Churchill, Frances (Fanny Marjoribanks)

  Spencer Churchill, Lady Frances

  Spencer Churchill, Georgina (Lady Curzon)* Spencer Churchill, John George (Johnny)

  Spencer Churchill, Lord Ivor

  Spencer Churchill, Lady Lilian

  Spencer Churchill, Lady Norah (Norah Birt)*

  Spencer Churchill, Lady Rosemary

  Spencer Churchill, Lady Sarah (daughter of 10th Duke)

  Spencer Churchill, Peregrine

  Spencer Churchill, Rosamund (Baroness Ramsay)

  spitfire aircraft

  St Clair-Erskine, Lady Angela Selina

  St George’s Preparatory School (Ascot)

  St Helier, Susan Mary, Lady (née Stewart-MacKenzie)

  Stalin, Joseph

  Stanley, Venetia (Venetia Montagu)‡

  Stevens, Marietta

  Stevens, Minnie (Lady Paget)*

  Stirling, David

  Strachey, Lytton

  strikes and labour unrest

  Suez Crisis (1956)

  Sunderland Library

  Sutherland, Duke of

  Sutherland, Graham, portrait of WSC by

  Sykes–Picot Agreement (1916)

  Thompson, W.H.

  Tilden, Philip

  The Times

  Townsend, Captain Peter

  Trafford, Tom*

  Tree, Ronald and Marietta

  Trollope, Anthony* *

  Truman, Harry S.

  Twain, Mark

  Tweedmouth, Lord*

  Tyburn gallows