by Julie Dobrow
12.MLT, “Journal,” 2 March 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
13.MLT, “Diary,” 8 February 1882, MLTP, III, 39, reel 1.
14.Ibid., 18 March 1882; several Dickinson scholars dispute the precise number of poems Emily shared with Sue during her lifetime—see, for example, discrepancies between Franklin (1967, 1998) and Smith (1992); Mike Kelly, “Emily Dickinson and the New York Press,” https://consecratedeminence.wordpress.com/2013/07/15/emily-dickinson-and-the-new-york-press/.
15.“Emily Dickinson,” http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/emily-dickinson.
16.MLT, “Diary,” February–March 1882, 18, March 1882, MLTP, III, 39, reel 1.
17.Barton Levi St. Armand, Emily Dickinson and Her Culture (New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984), 358–80.
18.Loaded Guns; Polly Longworth (September 2010) has written an extensive critique of Gordon’s theory, held in the ACA. In this document, she disputes Gordon’s assertion by pointing out that Emily Dickinson’s prescription for glycerin was advised for suspected tuberculosis, not epilepsy; that Dickinson cousin Zebina Montague did not die from epilepsy; and that Emily’s use of the word “fit” occurs at least thirty times in her writing, but only three times as a noun, and never to mean “a sudden attack.”
19.MTB, “Notes on William Austin Dickinson’s Diaries,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 104–254.
20.Ned Dickinson to MLT, 14 February 1882, ACA (MS 79102), 10–16.
21.Ibid., 2 April 1882.
22.MLT, “Journal,” April 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
23.Ibid., 2 March 1882.
24.Ibid., 27 March 1882.
25.MLT, “Journal,” 10 April 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
26.Ibid., 2 March 1882.
27.MLT, “Diary,” 28 May 1882, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
28.Ned Dickinson to MLT, n.d., ACA (MS 79102), 10–16.
29.MLT, “Diary,” 14 June 1882, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
30.Ibid., 19 June 1882.
31.Ibid., 25 June 1882.
32.MLT, “Millicent’s Life,” 30 June 1882, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
33. MLT, “Journal,” 10 April 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
34.MLT, “Diary,” 6 September 1882, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
35.MLT, “Journal,” 15 September 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
36.MTB, “Notes on William Austin Dickinson’s Diaries,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 104–254.
37.“Emily Dickinson,” http://www.poetryfoundation.org/bio/emily-dickinson.
38.Austin and Mabel, 92.
39.Ibid., 71.
40.WAD, “Diary,” 20 June 1882, MLTP, VII, 101–244.
41.MTB, “Notes on William Austin Dickinson’s Diaries,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 104–254; MLT, “MLT Speaks,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 101–242.
42.Letters, xvii.
43.MTB, “Notes on William Austin Dickinson’s Diaries,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 104–254.
44.MLT, “Journal,” 15 September 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
45.Ibid., 6 October 1882.
46.See https://www.emilydickinsonmuseum.org/later_years; Loaded Guns.
47.MLT, “Journal,” 6 October 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
48.ED to MLT, in MLT, “Journal,” 6 October 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
49.MLT to WAD, 15 December 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
CHAPTER 3: SOARING LOVE AND SEETHING TENSIONS
1.Joseph A. Conforti, Imagining New England (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2001), 3, 192, 220.
2.MTB, “The New England Way,” 1949, MTBP, VIII, 157–58.
3.MLT to WAD, 15 October 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
4.MLT, “Millicent’s Life,” 23 September 1882; 7 November 1882, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
5.MLT, “Diary,” 7 November 1882; 14 November 1882, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
6.Note: In 2004, the next time a Transit of Venus occurred, astronomers at the Lick Observatory found David Todd’s 1882 still photos and animated them, http://www.skyandtelescope.com/observing/reanimating-the-1882-transit-of-venus/.
7.MLT, “Journal,” 4 November 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
8.Ibid., 6 December 1882.
9.Ibid., 14 November 1882.
10.Austin and Mabel, 123.
11.WAD and MLT, notes/letters, November 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
12.MLT to DPT, 12 November 1882, MLTP, II, 35–1042.
13.MLT, “Journal,” 12 December 1882, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
14.WAD to MLT, MLT to WAD, December 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
15.MLT to DPT, 19 December 1882, MLTP, II, 35–1042.
16.MLT to WAD, 6 December 1882; 15 December 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
17.Ibid., 24–31 December 1882.
18.WAD to MLT, 28 December 1882, MLTP, VII, 98–170.
19.MLT to DPT, 19 December 1882, MLTP, II, 35–142.
20.DPT to MLT, 8 December 1882; 14 December 1882, MLTP, II, 35–42.
21.MLT, “Diary,” 31 December 1882, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
22.MLT to WAD, 6–8 January 1883, MLTP, VII, 98–171.
23.MLT, “Journal,” 3 February 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
24.MLT, “Diary,” 8 January 1883, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1; MLT, “Journal,” 30 March 1884, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
25.MLT, “Journal,” 13 November 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
26.MLT, “Diary,” 11 January 1883, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1.
27.MLT, “Journal,” February 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
28.Ibid., 27 October 1884.
29.Ibid., 6 January 1885.
30.Ibid., 14 September 1886.
31.MLT to WAD, 20 November 1889, MLTP, VII, 99–203.
32.WAD to MLT, 11 April 1890, MLTP, VII, 96, 131; MLT to WAD, 20 April 1890, MLTP, VII, 99–216.
33.MLT, “Journal,” 11 May 1885, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
34.Ibid., 3 August 1884.
35.WAD to MLT, n.d., MLTP, VII, 96–131.
36.Ibid., 24 March 1890.
37.MLT, “Journal,” 14 September 1886, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8; MLT, “Famous Lovers,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 103–270.
38.Coontz, Marriage, 187.
39.MLT to WAD, 27 March 1883; 12 May 1883, MLTP, VII, 98–173.
40.MLT, “Journal,” 16 September 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
41.Austin and Mabel, 5.
42.MLT, “Journal,” 19 April 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
43.Ibid., 16 November 1883.
44.Ancestors’ Brocades, 219.
45.WAD to MLT, 1884, MLTP, VII, 94–81.
46.MLT, “Diary,” 4–5 October 1883, MLTP, III, 29, reel 1; MLT, “Journal,” 10 November 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
47.Austin and Mabel, 121. Note: Longsworth’s belief that Mabel and Austin consummated their relationship on December 13 is supported by the symbol in Austin’s diary designating sexual intercourse on that date (=), and perhaps also by Mabel’s diary entry that she had “a very happy evening” (often her euphemism for having sex) as well as by her mention that she went to “The Pines” that evening. In fact, there was no such named place in Amherst and she never mentioned it again; she might well have written this deliberately in an effort to be ambiguous about her actions that evening in her diary, the more public record of her life. There is no notation of Mabel’s symbol for intercourse on the page of her December 13 diary entry. Longsworth’s other suggestion, that the “AMUASBTEILN” neologism marked the consummation of Mabel and Austin’s relationship, is less clear and perhaps not born out by the extant materials: the scrap with this word on it in Mabel’s papers at Yale is dated December 9, not 13; the scrap of paper in the materials from Austin’s wallet held at Harvard is not dated.
48.Ibid., 242.
49.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1927, MTBP, II, 46, reel 6.
50.MLT, “Journal,” 1 September 1886, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
51.MLT to WAD, February 1884, MLTP, VII, 98–174.
52.MLT, “Journal,” 5 March 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
53.MLT to WAD, 8 Octobe
r 1884, MLTP, VII 98–174; WAD to MLT, 10 October 1884, MLTP, VII, 94–88.
54.MLT, “Journal,” January 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
55.Ibid., 10 July 1885.
56.MAWL to MLT, 27 November 1884, MLTP, II, 38–111.
57.MLT, “Journal,” 1 June 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
58.Ibid., 25 May 1885.
59.WAD to MLT, 5 June 1885, MLTP, VII, 98–189.
60.MLT, “Journal,” 9 June 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
61.ED to MLT, 31 July 1885, in WAD to MLT, MLTP, VII, 94–96.
62.WAD to MLT, 6 July 1885, MLTP, VII, 94–91; MLT to WAD, 18 July 1885, MLTP, VII, 98–176.
63.MLT, “Journal,” 15 December 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
64.Ibid., 10 February 1890.
65.MLT to WAD, 28 November 1888, MLTP, VII, 99–197.
66.Austin and Mabel, 120.
67.ED, “Lost Joy,” in Poems by Emily Dickinson, Third Series, ed. Mabel Loomis Todd (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1896), 52. [Note: This poem is now known by its first line, “I had a daily Bliss” (poem 1057 in the Thomas Johnson edition).]
CHAPTER 4: DICKINSONIAN INSPIRATION: MABEL’S CREATIVE OUTPUT
1.MLT, “Journal,” 11 November 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
2.MLT, “Preface,” in Poems by Emily Dickinson, Second Series, ed. Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson (Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1891), 54.
3.MLT, “Journal,” 15 May 1879, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
4.MLT, “Diary,” 25 January 1890, MLTP, III, 40, reel 2.
5.MLT, Tripoli the Mysterious (Cambridge, MA: Small, Maynard, 1912), 43–44.
6.Angela Todd, Carnegie Mellon University, e-mail message to author, October 2, 2012.
7.Springfield Republican, August 20, 1895.
8.MTB, “Reminiscences,” n.d., MTBP, II, 46–10.
9.MLT “Notes,” March 1886, MLTP, VII, 114-118.
10.MTB, “Mabel Loomis Todd’s Contributions to the Town of Amherst,” 1934, MTBP, VIII, 157–46, 23–24.
11.MLT, “Journal,” 27 September 1883, MLTP, III, 45, reel 7.
12.MLT, “Footprints,” New York Independent, September 27, 1883.
13.MLT, “Journal,” 2 February 1886, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
14.Ibid., 11 May 1885; 2 February 1886.
15.Ibid., 22 October 1888.
16.Ibid., 13 March 1888.
17.Austin and Mabel, 294; MLT, “Stars and Gardens,” Home Magazine, January–September 1900, MLTP, V, 75–185. Note: Historian Polly Longsworth incorrectly suggests that while Mabel had labored on this story a long time, it was never published.
18.MLT, “Journal,” 6 August 1900; 25 December 1900, MLTP, III, 47, reel 9.
19.Ibid., 1888.
20.MLT and DPT, “Ascent of Fuji the Peerless,” Century Magazine XLIV, no. 4 (August 1892), 483–94.
21.MLT, “Diary,” 19 August 1897, MLTP, III, 41, reel 3.
22.MLT, “The Eclipse Expedition to Japan,” Nation 22 (September 1897), 229.
23.MLT to DPT, 22 April 1926; 18 January 1929, MLTP, II, 37–1075–1087.
24.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46, 11–12.
25.Austin and Mabel, 27.
CHAPTER 5: LINGERING PURITANISM AND MILLICENT’S SENSIBILITIES
1.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 15.
2.MTB, “Reminiscences,” circa 1934, MTBP, II, 46–6; see also Thomas Schlereth, Victorian America: Transformations in Everyday Life (New York: HarperPerennial, 1991).
3.MTB, “Autobiographical Notes,” n.d., MTBP, II, 476–18.
4.MTB, “Journal,” 1896; 1911, MTBP, VII, 130–29.
5.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 143.
6.MTB, “Autobiographical Notes,” n.d., MTBP, II, 476–18.
7.Ibid.
8.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1927, MTBP, II, 46–6.
9.Millicent Todd, Eben Jenks Loomis, 1828–1912 (Amherst, MA: Self-published, 1913), 1.
10.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1927, MTBP, II, 46–6.
11.MT, Eben Jenks Loomis, 3.
12.Ibid. 18–20,
13.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1927, MTBP, II, 46–6.
14.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12.
15.Todd, Eben Jenks Loomis, 49.
16.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1963, MTBP, II, 46–6, 9.
17.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 3.
18.MAWL to MTB, 18 May 1897, MTBP, I, 17–256.
19.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1933, MTBP, II, 46–6, 6.
20.MTB, “The New England Way,” 1949, MTBP, VIII, 157–58, 1.
21.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1905, MTBP, II, 46–6, 1–8.
22.Ibid.
23.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 4, 5, 12.
24.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1933, MTBP, II, 46–6, 2.
25.Ibid., 4.
26.MTB, “Journal,” 12 July 1908, MTBP, VII, 133–46–50.
27.MTB, “Scrapbooks,” 1882–1889, MTBP, VII, 147–116.
28.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 146.
29.Millicent Todd, Mary E. Stearns (Cambridge, MA: Riverside Press, 1909), v.
30.Heloise E. Hersey, To Girls: A Budget of Letters (Boston: Small, Maynard, 1901), 1.
31.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 17.
32.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1963, MTBP, II, 46–6, 8.
33.MTB, “Autobiographical Notes,” n.d., MTBP, II, 47–18.
34.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTB, II, 46–11–12, 147.
35.Ibid.
36.Ibid.
37.Ibid., 5, 6.
38.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1938, MTBP, II, 46–6, 5, 6.
39.MTB, “Ireland Journal,” 1934, MTBP, VII, 130–22–23, 94.
40.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 13, 22.
41.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1938, MTBP, II, 46–6, 3.
42.Ibid., August 2, 1962, 6.
43.Ibid., 1927, 7–10.
44.MTB, interview with Sutherland, 1959, MTBP, II, 46–11–12, 11.
45.MTB, “Reminiscences,” 1932, MTBP, II, 46–6, 69.
46.Ibid., 104.
47.Ibid., 1927, 9.
48.Ibid., 1932, 69.
49.Ibid., 1927, 5.
50.Ibid.
CHAPTER 6: EMBRACING EMILY’S POEMS
1.Austin and Mabel, 122.
2.Ibid., 117.
3.MLT, “Journal,” 11 May 1885, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
4.Ibid., 13 March 1888.
5.Ibid., 2 February 1886.
6.Mrs. Sidney Turner, in Life, 273.
7.“Obituary of Emily Dickinson,” Springfield Republican, 18 May 1886.
8.MLT, “Journal,” 15 September 1882, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8; Life, 353–354, 405, 597; MLT to MAWL, 11 February 1885, MLTP, II; MLT, “Diary,” 14 May 1886, MLTP, III, 39, reel 1.
9.MLT, “Emily Dickinson, Poet and Woman,” n.d., MLTP, V, 77–306.
10.Virginia Jackson, Dickinson’s Misery: A Theory of Lyric Reading (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 2005), 57–58.
11.Jen Bervin, in Marta Werner and Jen Bervin, Emily Dickinson: The Gorgeous Nothings (New York: Christine Burgin/New Directions, 2103), 9; Marta Werner, in Mike Kelly et al., The Networked Recluse: The Connected World of Emily Dickinson (Amherst, MA: Amherst College Press, 2017), 90.
12.MLT, “Notes on L. Dickinson’s Remarks,” n.d., MLTP, VII, 101–242.
13.Life, 129, 147.
14.MLT, in Ancestors’ Brocades, 16–17.
15.Mary Lee Hall, in Life, 229–30.
16.https://www.emilydickinsonmuseum.org/susan_dickinson; Smith, Rowing in Eden.
17.Ancestors’ Brocades, 18.
18.MLT, “Journal,” 30 November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
19.Life, 220.
20.Ancestors’ Brocades, 18.
21.Ibid., 21.
23.White, “Mabel Loomis Todd”; MLT, “Journal,” 30 November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
24.MLT, in Ancestors’ Brocades, 18.
25.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” Harper’s Magazine, March 1930, 464.
26.Editing, 6.
27.MLT, in Ancestors’ Brocades, 19.
28.Austin and Mabel, 296.
29.MLT, in Ancestors’ Brocades, 31; MLT, “Lecture Notes,” n.d., MLTP, IV, 53–15.
30.MLT to WAD, 27 March 1888, MLTP, VII, 98–195.
31.MLT, “Journal,” 30 April 1889, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
32.Ibid., November 1890.
33.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” 464.
34.Ancestors’ Brocades, 19.
35.MLT, “Journal,” November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
36.L. A. Dickinson to MLT, 11 September 1888, MLTP, VII, 101–235.
37.MLT, “Journal,” November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
38.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” 465.
39.Editing, 7; Ralph W. Franklin, “Editing Emily Dickinson” (PhD dissertation, Northwestern University, 1965).
40.Ancestors’ Brocades, 18.
41.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” 465.
42.MLT, in Ancestors’ Brocades, 34.
43.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” 465.
44.T. W. Higginson to MLT, 25 November 1889, BPL.
45.MLT, “Journal,” November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
46.Ibid.
47.MLT, “Emily Dickinson’s Literary Debut,” 464.
48.Wineapple, White Heat, 13–14.
49.T. W. Higginson, “Emily Dickinson’s Letters,” Atlantic Monthly, October 1891.
50.MLT, “Journal,” November 1890, MLTP, III, 46, reel 8.
51.Emily Dickinson, Poem XXXI (“Nature”), in Todd and Higginson, Poems by Emily Dickinson, 106. [Note: This poem is now known by its first line, “There’s a certain slant of light” (poem 258 in the Thomas Johnson edition).]; Editing; see also Susan Howe, My Emily Dickinson (Berkeley, CA: North Atlantic Books, 1985); Smith, Rowing in Eden.
52.Ancestors’ Brocades, 38.
53.Editing, 25.
54.Ancestors’ Brocades, 40, http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/poetsorg-guide-emily-dickinsons-collected-poems.
55.Smith, Rowing in Eden; Ancestors’ Brocades, 58; http://www.poets.org/poetsorg/text/poetsorg-guide-emily-dickinsons-collected-poems.
56.Ancestors’ Brocades, 39.
57.Editing, 118.