Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857 Rebellion

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Indian Muslim Minorities and the 1857 Rebellion Page 37

by Ilyse R Morgenstein Fuerst

jizya, 14

  157 – 8

  see also taxes and taxation

  United States, anti-shari’a, 161 – 2

  Jones, Brigadier William, 41 – 2

  see also Calcutta decision; fatwas;

  Hanafi; jihad; muftis; Parliament;

  Kaye, John William, 34, 47

  Wahhabi Trials

  Khairabadi, Fazl-i-Haqq, 142 – 4

  Lee-Enfield Rifle see Enfield Rifle

  Khan, Abdool Luteef, see Bahadoor,

  Lewin, Malcolm, 1, 46

  Maulvi Abdool Luteef,

  literature

  Khan, Bukht, 113

  British, 60

  Khan, Hakim Gulam Najaf, 43

  censorship, 43

  Khan, Iqtidar Alam, 139 – 40

  Muslim, 43, 56

  Khan, Nabi Bakhsk, 44

  London, 19, 82

  Khan, Sir Syed Ahmad, 5, 11, 13, 87

  see also Great Britain

  career, 86 – 7, 98

  Lucknow, 28, 33

  dialogue with Hunter, 5, 12, 85,

  87 – 8, 98 – 101, 120 – 2, 152

  maddhab (pl. madha¯hib), 78, 104

  educational reform, 87 – 8, 117 – 18,

  Mahbub-Ali, 113 – 14

  122

  Mahomedan Literary Society of

  loyalty to British Empire, 44, 86 – 9,

  Calcutta, 71 –6, 78, 80, 83– 4, 142

  98, 100, 119 – 20, 137

  Mahomedan Rebellion, The see Carey, W. H.

  modernist, 53, 87 – 9, 98, 117,

  Malleson, Colonel George Bruce, 31 – 4,

  141, 147

  38 – 42, 47 – 8, 142 – 3

  Muslims portrayed by, 8, 123

  massacres, 1 – 3, 28 – 9, 36, 41, 56

  see also Causes of the Indian Revolt

  Maulvi, 77, 96, 123

  (Khan); Review on Dr Hunter’s

  Mayo, Viceroy Lord, 51 – 2, 82, 119

  Indian Musalmans

  Mecca, 64, 67, 76, 80

  Kohn, Margaret, 130

  media, 28

  Kolkata, 26

  British (in Great Britain), 27 – 8, 38

  see also Calcutta

  British (in India), 75, 99 – 100, 121

  226 INDIAN MUSLIM MINORITIES AND THE 1857 REBELLION

  Calcutta Review, 68

  muja¯hid (pl. mujahidı¯n) see jihadi

  Imperial Gazetteer of India, 50, 57

  Mu¨ller, F. Max, 134

  Indian, 150

  Muslim League, 152

  newspapers, 13, 60, 75, 134 – 5

  Muslims, 7 – 8, 10, 18, 154 – 7

  Tilism, 143, 144

  Account (Khan), 136

  Urdu media, 143 – 4

  British fears of, 9 – 10, 19, 22 – 3, 30,

  Meerut, India, 1, 28, 37

  63 – 4, 70, 131, 148

  memory and memorialization, 3 – 6, 10,

  as cause of Great Rebellion, 4, 30,

  12, 42 – 4

  35 – 6, 38, 41, 44, 48 – 9, 52, 54,

  minoritization, 5 – 8, 10 – 12, 25,

  64, 98, 108, 134 – 5

  49 – 50, 152

  Causes (Khan) and, 89 – 92, 96,

  Jews, 55

  136, 154

  jihad and, 124 – 6, 132

  Christians and, 16 – 17, 41, 53 – 4,

  Khan and, 101, 110, 119

  65, 79, 90 – 7, 104 – 5, 110, 121

  Muslims, 55 – 7, 59, 82 – 4, 88,

  “fanatics,” 19, 30, 38, 47, 54, 61 – 2,

  124 – 5, 134, 136 – 7, 146, 151,

  64 – 7, 69 – 72, 80, 108, 126, 128,

  154 – 6, 162

  132, 134, 151 see also Hindus

  Hunter and, 52, 84

  and Hinduism, “fanatics”;

  national identity and, 50

  Sikhs, “fanatics”

  missions, 14, 18 – 20

  food pollution, 1 – 3, 8 – 9, 30 – 5, 42,

  East India Company and, 47

  47, 52, 64, 93, 97, 144

  Khan and, 93 – 5, 97, 105

  Hindus as opposed to, 16, 24, 35,

  literature, 47

  46 – 7, 54, 83, 91 – 2, 106 – 7,

  missionaries, 15 – 20, 38, 46 – 7

  125 – 6, 135, 151 – 2, 155

  orphanages, 47

  Indian Musalmans and, 6, 8, 10 – 11,

  printing presses, 20

  37, 50, 57 – 73, 76, 79 – 84,

  schools, 20, 47, 93

  107 – 9, 111, 116, 120,

  Wahhabi, 68

  146 – 7, 153

  see also Charter Act of 1813;

  Jews and, 55, 104

  Christians and Christianity

  loyalty and disloyalty to British

  money

  Empire, 5, 11, 13, 16 – 17, 19,

  for missions, 94

  38, 45 – 7, 51 – 3, 56, 58, 62 – 4,

  for rebellion, 65, 67

  67 – 9, 71 – 5, 84 – 9, 91, 96, 98,

  zakat, 116 – 17, 144

  101 – 2, 106, 108, 121, 133,

  mosques, 41 – 2, 96, 140, 144

  143

  muftis (“law doctors”), 63 – 4, 73, 76

  pre-Rebellion, 14 – 15, 22, 25, 38,

  Mughals and the Mughal Empire,

  46 – 7, 147

  13 – 15, 21, 29, 38, 43 – 4,

  records of Rebellion, 40, 42 – 5

  81, 106

  religious freedom, 105 – 6, 112 – 13

  customs appropriated by British, 74

  religious law and, 38, 44, 49 – 53,

  fall, 23, 25 – 6, 45, 82, 125, 137

  57, 62 – 3, 67 – 8, 70 – 1, 73, 76,

  officials, 44, 54

  79 – 80, 83 – 4, 86, 98, 102 – 3,

  religious liberty in, 79

  106 – 7, 116, 126, 130 – 1, 137,

  Wahhabis and, 112, 115

  157 – 8, 161 – 2

  see also Delhi; elites; law

  religious practice, 20, 103 – 5,

  Muhammad, 13, 53, 66, 68, 69, 70

  139 – 40, 142, 144

  Muhammad Bahadur Shah Zafar see

  Review and, 86–7, 89, 98–102,

  Bahadur Shah II

  105–9, 117, 136, 146–7, 153

  Muir, Sir William, 44, 53, 54

  Shi’i, 37, 145

  INDEX

  227

  Sunni, 61, 72, 78, 138, 145

  Persia, 37

  Sufi, 143

  language, 37, 40, 43, 44, 61, 74

  texts, 47, 59, 60 – 1, 68 – 9, 77, 78,

  Shah, 36 – 7

  104, 110, 127

  Philindus see Mu¨ller, F. Max

  United States politics and, 157 – 62

  Plassey, Battle of, 26 – 7

  violence inherent in, 3, 23, 35, 38,

  post-colonial, 17

  46, 48, 51 – 4, 57, 65, 91, 96 – 7,

  108, 126, 135 – 6, 154

  Queen’s Proclamation of 1858, 113

  see also Great Rebellion; jihad;

  Qur’an, 53, 127, 136 – 7

  minoritization; Mughals and the

  George Sale translation, 104

  Mughal Empire; racialization;

  Indian Musalmans and, 60, 69

  Sepoy Rebellion; pan-Islamism;

  Review and, 104 – 5

  Wahhabi

  race (theory), 2, 7, 23, 124 – 5

  Nana Sahib, 32

  racialization, 3, 5 – 8, 11 – 12, 25,

  Nanautawi, Maulana Muhammad

  124 – 5, 152

  Qasim, 144

  jihad and, 124 – 6, 132

  nationalism, Indian, 48, 50

  Khan and, 110, 136, 137

  newspapers see media

  Muslims, of, 59, 84, 124 – 5, 134,

  Norman, Chief Justice, 99, 134

  136, 146, 148, 151, 154 – 6,

  North-W
est Provinces, 39, 53, 56, 110,

  159, 162

  138, 148

  Rani of Jhansi, 33, 39

  Agra famine, 92

  rape, 41

  Indian Musalmans and, 62

  Rebellion see Great Rebellion

  religion, 2 – 5, 7, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18,

  Orientalism, 77, 78

  20 – 4, 26, 30, 32, 34 – 5, 41, 49

  Ottoman Empire, 130 – 1

  rebellion and, 46, 48, 57, 64, 91

  Oudh, India, 32, 39, 41

  religious freedom, 78 – 9, 97

  see also Awadh

  religious studies, 47, 77, 151 – 2,

  155 – 6

  Pakistan, 36 – 7, 149

  religious war, 64, 66, 69

  Palashi, 26

  see also Christians and Christianity;

  see also Plassey

  Hinduism and Hindus; Jews and

  pan-Islamism, 36 – 7, 58, 130 – 1, 146

  Judaism; Muslims; Sikhs

  Indian Musalmans and, 62, 101, 148

  Review on Dr Hunter’s Indian

  Khan and, 137

  Musalmans, 11, 85, 103 – 5,

  Wahhabism and, 133

  111 – 12, 118, 120

  Parliament, 16, 19, 29, 45 – 6

  Islamic law in, 86, 102 – 3, 106 – 8,

  Act XIV, 29

  110 – 11

  Charter Act hearings, 60

  Islamic texts in, 87, 101, 104, 110,

  hearings, 16, 19, 21, 22, 45, 47

  115, 122

  House of Commons, 16 – 17

  Muslims in, 86 – 7, 98 – 100,

  House of Lords, 16, 19, 21

  105 – 10, 117, 136, 153

  see also Caste Disabilities Removal

  religious freedom, 105 – 6

  Act; Charter Act of 1813

  translation and influence, 99, 101, 121

  Partition see Independence and

  Wahhabism in, 99, 101, 104, 108 –9,

  Partition

  111– 16, 118– 19, 121, 133 –4

  Patna, India, 66, 68, 115 – 16

  see also Hunter, Sir William Wilson;

  peasant uprising, 27, 145

  jihad

  228 INDIAN MUSLIM MINORITIES AND THE 1857 REBELLION

  Revolt of 1857 see Great Rebellion

  Mahomedan Literary Society of

  Russia, 36, 79

  Calcutta, 74

  Review (Khan) and, 99

  sepoys, 1 – 3, 9, 28 – 9, 31 – 4, 39, 46,

  136, 144 – 5

  al-Wahha¯b, Muhammad ibn ‘Abd, 61

  jihad and, 141, 145, 148

  see also Wahhabi and Wahhabism

  Sepoy Rebellion, 1 – 3, 8 – 9, 28, 30 – 5,

  Wahhabi and Wahhabism, 51, 138,

  52, 64, 144

  141, 142, 144

  East India Company and, 109

  Indian Musalmans (Hunter) and,

  shari’a, 21, 44, 74, 158, 161

  51 – 2, 61, 67 – 8, 70, 72, 82,

  see also law

  101, 108 – 9, 112 – 15, 118 – 19,

  Sikhs, 42, 56

  146, 152

  “fanatics,” 64 see also Hindus

  meaning of, 133 – 4

  and Hinduism, “fanatics”;

  religious freedom of, 113

  Muslims, “fanatics”

  representing all Muslims, 52, 61,

  Indians Musalmans (Hunter) and,

  72 – 3, 82, 101, 108 – 9, 114,

  64, 102, 109

  121, 132, 136, 146 – 8

  jihad and, 139 – 40

  Review and, 99, 101, 104, 108 – 9,

  Review (Khan) and, 110, 113

  111 – 16, 118 – 19, 146

  Siraj ud-Daulah, Mirza Muha, 26

  see also Ahl-e Hadis; jihad;

  Statistical Account of Bengal, A

  Muslims

  (Hunter), 66

  Wahhabi Trials, 61, 99, 134

  Wali Allah, Shah, 139

  taxes and taxation, 16

  see also Wahhabi and Wahhabism

  See also jizya

  watershed moment, 25 – 6, 30, 124,

  Tilism, 143, 144

  149, 155

  Trevelyan, Sir Charles Edward, 134 – 5,

  women, 21

  137

  British, 28

  Indian, 29, 79 – 80

  United States, 157 – 62

  rights of, 93

  Urdu, 40, 43 – 4

  literature, 56, 61

  zakat (charity), 102, 116 – 17

  Document Outline

  Contents

  Acknowledgments

  A Noteon Transliteration

  Introduction

  Chapter 1 The Company, Religion, Andislam

  Chapter 2 Suspect Subjects:hunter And The Making Of A Muslim Minority

  Chapter 3 God Save Me From My Friends!”:syed Ahmad Khan's

  Chapter 4 Rebellion As Jihad, Jihad As Religion

  Conclusion Religion, Rebels, Andjihad: Legacies And Ongoing Impact

  Epilogue 1857 From Today's Vermont

  Notes

  Bibliography

  Index

 

 

 


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