40 Westwood and Simpson, Lore of the Land, p. 26; Joanne Parker, England’s Darling: The Victorian Cult of Alfred the Great (Manchester, 2007).
41 Westwood and Simpson, Lore of the Land, pp. 81–4.
42 The Liber Eliensis tells two stories about Cnut, one describing how the king composed a song in honour of the monks’ singing, the other telling how Cnut rewarded a local man named Brihtmær Budde for helping him cross the frozen fen to Ely [Blake (ed.), Liber Eliensis, pp. 153–4]. For a twentieth-century tradition about Cnut as benefactor to a local man, oddly reminiscent of the medieval stories, see W. H. Barrett, Tales from the Fens (London, 1963).
43 John Wise and W. Mackreth Noble, Ramsey Abbey, Its Rise and Fall (Huntingdon, 1882), pp. 95–6, 204–5.
44 Eleanor Parker, ‘Pilgrim and patron: Cnut in post-Conquest historical writing’, The Medieval Chronicle 9 (2014), pp. 271–95.
bibliography
Works are divided into editions of primary texts and secondary sources. Medieval texts with no known author are listed under the names of their editors. Most of the medieval and all the Icelandic authors are listed under their first name.
primary sources
Adam of Bremen, Gesta Hammaburgensis Ecclesiae Pontificum, ed. Georg Waitz (Hanover, 1876).
——— History of the Archbishops of Hamburg-Bremen, trans. Francis J. Tschan (New York, 1959).
Adelard of Ghent, ‘Lectiones in Depositione S. Dunstani’, in Michael Winterbottom and Michael Lapidge (eds), The Early Lives of St Dunstan (Oxford, 2012), pp. 111–45.
Ælfric, Lives of Saints, ed. Walter W. Skeat, Early English Text Society Original Series 76, 82, 94, 111 (London, 1881–1900), 2 vols.
Andersson, T. M. and K. E. Gade (trans.), Morkinskinna: The Earliest Icelandic Chronicle of the Norwegian Kings (1030–1157) (Ithaca and London, 2000).
Ari Þorgilsson, Íslendingabók and Kristni Saga, trans. Siân Grønlie (London, 2006).
Barlow, Frank (ed.), The Life of King Edward who Rests at Westminster (Oxford, 1992).
——— (ed.), The Carmen de Hastingae Proelio of Guy, Bishop of Amiens (Oxford, 1999).
Bately, J. M. (ed.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS. A, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, vol. 3 (Cambridge, 1986).
Bjarni Einarsson (ed.), Egils saga (London, 2003).
Bjarni Guðnason (ed.), Danakonunga sögur, Íslenzk Fornrit XXXV (Reykjavík, 1982).
Blake, E. O. (ed.), Liber Eliensis (London, 1962).
Burgess, Glyn S. and Leslie C. Brook (eds), The Anglo-Norman Lay of Havelok (Cambridge, 2015).
Byrhtferth of Ramsey, The Lives of St Oswald and St Ecgwine, ed. Michael Lapidge (Oxford, 2009).
Camden, William, Britain, or a chorographicall description of the most flourishing kingdomes, England, Scotland, and Ireland, and the ilands adioyning, out of the depth of antiquitie, trans. Philemon Holland (London, 1610).
Campbell, Alistair (ed.), The Battle of Brunanburh (London, 1938).
——— (ed.), Encomium Emmae Reginae, with an introduction by Simon Keynes, Camden Classic Reprints 4 (Cambridge, 1998).
Clark, Cecily (ed.), The Peterborough Chronicle 1070–1154 (Oxford, 1970). Colgrave, Bertram (ed.), Felix’s Life of Saint Guthlac (Cambridge, 1956).
Colgrave, Bertram and R. A. B. Mynors (eds), Bede’s Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Oxford, 1991).
Cubbin, G. P. (ed.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS. D, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, vol. 6 (Cambridge, 1996).
D’Evelyn, Charlotte and Anna J. Mill (eds), The South English Legendary, Early English Text Society Original Series 235–6, 244 (London, 1956–9), 3 vols. Dumville, David and Michael Lapidge (eds), The Annals of St Neots, with Vita Prima Sancti Neoti, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, vol. 17 (Cambridge, 1985).
Eadmer of Canterbury, Lives and Miracles of Saints Oda, Dunstan and Oswald, ed. Andrew J. Turner and Bernard J. Muir (Oxford, 2006).
Edwards, E. (ed.), Liber Monasterii de Hyda (London, 1866).
Elmham, Thomas, Historia Monasterii S. Augustini Cantuariensis, ed. Charles Hardwick (London, 1858).
Ewert, Alfred (ed.), Gui de Warewic: roman du XIIIe siècle (Paris, 1932–3), 2 vols.
Faulkes, Anthony (trans.), Hemings þáttr (Dundee, 2016).
Fellows Jensen, Gillian (ed.), Hemings þáttr Áslákssonar (Copenhagen, 1962). Finch, R. G. (ed.), Völsunga saga (London, 1965).
Finlay, Alison (trans.), Fagrskinna, a Catalogue of the Kings of Norway (Leiden, 2004).
Finnbogi Guðmundsson (ed.), Orkneyinga saga, Íslenzk Fornrit XXXIV (Reykjavík, 1965).
Finnur Jónsson (ed.), Fagrskinna: Nóregs kononga tal (Copenhagen, 1902–3).
——— (ed.), Morkinskinna (Copenhagen, 1932).
Foote, P. G. (ed.), Gunnlaugs saga Ormstungu (London, 1957).
Foster, C. W. and T. Longley (eds), The Lincolnshire Domesday and the Lindsey Survey (Horncastle, 1924).
Gade, Kari Ellen (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 2: From c.1035 to c.1300, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 2 (Turnhout, 2009), 2 vols.
Gaimar, Geffrei, Estoire des Engleis: History of the English, ed. Ian Short (Oxford, 2009).
Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, ed. Michael D. Reeve and Neil Wright (Woodbridge, 2007).
Gertz, M. C. (ed.), Scriptores Minores Historiæ Danicæ Medii Ævi (Copenhagen, 1917–18), 2 vols.
Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, The Hagiography of the Female Saints of Ely, ed. Rosalind C. Love (Oxford, 2004).
de Gray Birch, Walter (ed.), The Chronicle of Croyland Abbey by Ingulph (Wisbech, 1883).
——— (ed.), Vita Haroldi, The Romance of the Life of Harold, King of England (London, 1885).
Hardy, T. D. and C. T. Martin (eds), Lestorie des Engles solum la translacion Maistre Geffrei Gaimar (London, 1888–9), 2 vols.
Henry, Archdeacon of Huntingdon, Historia Anglorum, ed. Diana Greenway (Oxford, 1996).
Herman the Archdeacon and Goscelin of Saint-Bertin, Miracles of St Edmund, ed. Tom Licence and Lynda Lockyer (Oxford, 2014).
Hervey, Lord Francis (ed.), Corolla Sancti Eadmundi (London, 1907).
Holden, A. J. (ed.), Le Roman de Waldef (Cologny-Genève, 1984).
Horstmann, Carl (ed.), Nova Legenda Anglie (Oxford, 1901), 2 vols.
Hugh Candidus, The Chronicle of Hugh Candidus, a Monk of Peterborough, ed. W. T. Mellows (London, 1949).
Irvine, Susan (ed.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS. E, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, vol. 7 (Cambridge, 2004).
John of Worcester, The Chronicle of John of Worcester, ed. R. R. Darlington, P. McGurk and J. Bray (Oxford, 1995), 3 vols.
Johnson South, Ted, (ed.) Historia de Sancto Cuthberto: A History of Saint Cuthbert and a Record of his Patrimony (Cambridge, 2002).
Knighton, Henry, Chronicon Henrici Knighton vel Cnitthon, Monachi Leycestrensis, ed. J. R. Lumby (London, 1889), 2 vols.
Kölbing, Eugen (ed.), The Romance of Sir Beues of Hamtoun, Early English Text Society Extra Series 46, 48, 65 (London, 1885–6, 1894), 3 vols.
Lydgate, John, Lives of Ss Edmund and Fremund and the Extra Miracles of St Edmund, ed. Anthony Bale and A. S. G. Edwards (Heidelberg, 2009).
Madden, Frederick (ed.), The Ancient English Romance of Havelok the Dane (London, 1828).
Martin, J. D. (ed.), The Cartularies and Registers of Peterborough Abbey (Peterborough, 1978).
Matthew Paris, Chronica Majora, ed. H. R. Luard (London, 1872–83), 7 vols.
Michel, Francisque (ed.), Chroniques anglo-normandes: Recueil d’extraits et d’écrits relatifs à l’histoire de Normandie et d’Angleterre pendant les XIe et XIIe siècles (Rouen, 1836–40), 3 vols.
Möbius, T. (ed.), Kormaks saga (Halle, 1886).
O’Brien O’Keeffe, Katherine (ed.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle, MS. C, The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle: A Collaborative Edition, vol. 5 (Cambridge, 2001).
Ohlgren, Thomas H. (ed.), Medieval O
utlaws: Ten Tales in Modern English (Stroud, 1998).
Olsen, Magnus (ed.), Völsunga saga ok Ragnars saga Loðbrókar (Copenhagen, 1906–8).
Orderic Vitalis, The Ecclesiastical History of Orderic Vitalis, ed. M. Chibnall (Oxford, 1969–80), 6 vols.
Osbern of Canterbury, Vita S. Elphegi, in Henry Wharton (ed.), Anglia Sacra (London, 1691) vol. 2, pp. 122–42.
——— Vita Sancti Dunstani, in William Stubbs (ed.), Memorials of Saint Dunstan Archbishop of Canterbury (London, 1874), pp. 69–128.
——— ‘Translatio Sancti Ælfegi Cantuariensis archiepiscopi et martiris’, trans. Rosemary Morris and Alexander R. Rumble, in Rumble (ed.), The Reign of Cnut: King of England, Denmark and Norway (London, 1994), pp. 283–315.
——— Osbern’s Life of Alfege, trans. Frances Shaw (London, 1999).
Plummer, Charles (ed.), Two of the Saxon Chronicles Parallel (Oxford, 1899), 2 vols.
Ralph de Diceto, The Historical Works of Master Ralph de Diceto, Dean of London, ed. William Stubbs (London, 1876), 2 vols.
Riley, Henry T. (trans.), Ingulph’s Chronicle of the Abbey of Croyland, with the continuations by Peter of Blois and Anonymous Writers (London, 1854).
Robert of Gloucester, The Metrical Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester, ed. William Aldis Wright (London, 1887), 2 vols.
Robert Mannyng of Brunne, The Chronicle, ed. Idelle Sullens (Binghamton, NY, 1996).
Roger of Howden, Chronica Magistri Rogeri de Houedene, ed. William Stubbs (London, 1869), 4 vols.
Roger of Wendover, Chronica, sive Flores Historiarum, ed. H. O. Coxe (London, 1841–4), 4 vols.
Saxo Grammaticus, The History of the Danes, trans. Peter Fisher and ed. Hilda Ellis Davidson (Cambridge, 1979–80), 2 vols.
——— Gesta Danorum: The History of the Danes, ed. Karsten Friis-Jensen and Peter Fisher (Oxford, 2015), 2 vols.
Scragg, D. G. (ed.), The Battle of Maldon (Manchester, 1981).
Serjeantson, R. M., ‘A mediæval legend of St Peter’s, Northampton’, Associated Architectural Societies’ Reports and Papers 29 (1907), pp. 113–20.
Shakespeare, William, Macbeth, ed. Sandra Clark and Pamela Mason, Arden
Shakespeare Third Series (London, 2015).
Skeat, W. W. (ed.), The Lay of Havelok the Dane, revised by K. Sisam (Oxford, 1915, repr. 1967).
Smithers, G. V. (ed.), Havelok (Oxford, 1987).
Snorri Sturluson, Heimskringla, ed. Bjarni Aðalbjarnarson, Íslenzk Fornrit XXVI–XXVIII (Reykjavík, 1941–51), 3 vols.
Swanton, Michael (ed.), Beowulf (Manchester, 1997).
——— (trans.), The Anglo-Saxon Chronicles (London, 2000).
Symeon of Durham, Libellus de Exordio atque Procursu istius hoc est Dunhelmensis Ecclesie, ed. David Rollason (Oxford, 2000).
Thomson, Rodney M., ‘Geoffrey of Wells, De Infantia Sancti Edmundi (BHL 2393)’, Analecta Bollandiana 95 (1977), pp. 25–42.
Walter Map, De nugis curialium, ed. M. R. James, revised by C. N. L. Brooke and R. A. B. Mynors (Oxford, 1983).
Weiss, Judith (ed.), Boeve de Haumtone and Gui de Warewic: Two Anglo-Norman Romances (Tempe, 2008).
Whaley, Diana (ed.), Poetry from the Kings’ Sagas 1: From Mythical Times to c.1035, Skaldic Poetry of the Scandinavian Middle Ages 1 (Turnhout, 2012), 2 vols.
William of Jumièges, The Gesta Normannorum Ducum of William of Jumièges, Orderic Vitalis, and Robert of Torigni, ed. Elisabeth M. C. van Houts (Oxford, 1992–5), 2 vols.
William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum, ed. R. A. B. Mynors, R. M. Thomson and M. Winterbottom (Oxford, 1998), 2 vols.
——— Gesta Pontificum Anglorum, ed. Michael Winterbottom and R. M. Thomson (Oxford, 2007), 2 vols.
William of Newburgh, Historia Regum Anglicarum, in Richard Howlett (ed.), Chronicles of the Reigns of Stephen, Henry II, and Richard I (London, 1884–9), 4 vols.
William of Poitiers, The Gesta Guillelmi of William of Poitiers, ed. R. H. C. Davis and Marjorie Chibnall (Oxford, 1998).
Winterbottom, Michael (ed.), Three Lives of English Saints (Toronto, 1972).
Wise, John and W. Mackreth Noble, Ramsey Abbey, Its Rise and Fall (Huntingdon, 1882).
Zupitza, J. (ed.), The Romance of Guy of Warwick: the second or 15th-century version, Early English Text Society Extra Series 25, 26 (London, 1875–6; reprinted as one volume, 1966).
——— (ed.), The Romance of Guy of Warwick, edited from the Auchinleck MS. in the Advocates’ Library, Edinburgh and from MS. 107 in Caius College, Cambridge, Early English Text Society Extra Series 42, 49, 59 (London, 1883–91, reprinted as one volume, 1966).
secondary sources
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——— ‘Conversion and assimilation’, in Dawn M. Hadley and Julian D. Richards (eds), Cultures in Contact: Scandinavian Settlement in England in the Ninth and Tenth Centuries (Turnhout, 2000), pp. 135–53.
——— ‘The conversion of the Danelaw’, in James Graham-Campbell, Michael Hall, Judith Jesch and David N. Parsons (eds), Vikings and the Danelaw (Oxford, 2001), pp. 31–44.
Abrams, Lesley and David N. Parsons, ‘Place-names and the history of Scandinavian settlement in England’, in J. Hines, A. Lane and M. Redknap (eds), Land, Sea and Home (Leeds, 2004), pp. 379–431.
Ailes, Marianne, ‘Gui de Warewic in its manuscript context’, in Alison Wiggins and Rosalind Field (eds), Guy of Warwick: Icon and Ancestor (Cambridge, 2007), pp. 12–26.
Aird, William M., St Cuthbert and the Normans: The Church of Durham, 1071–1153 (Woodbridge, 1998).
Allison, K. J., A History of the County of York East Riding: Volume 1, the City of Kingston Upon Hull (London, 1969).
Ashdown, Margaret, ‘The single combat in certain cycles of English and Scandinavian tradition and romance’, The Modern Language Review 17 (1922), pp. 113–30.
——— ‘An Icelandic account of the survival of Harold Godwinson’, in Peter Clemoes (ed.), The Anglo-Saxons: Studies in Some Aspects of their History and Culture Presented to Bruce Dickins (London, 1959), pp. 122–36.
Ashe, Laura, Fiction and History in England, 1066–1200 (Cambridge, 2007).
——— ‘Harold Godwineson’, in Neil Cartlidge (ed.), Heroes and Anti-Heroes in Medieval Romance (Cambridge, 2012), pp. 59–80.
Ashman Rowe, Elizabeth, ‘Helpful Danes and pagan Irishmen: saga fantasies of the Viking Age in the British Isles’, Viking and Medieval Scandinavia 5 (2009), pp. 1–21.
——— ‘Ragnars saga loðbrókar, Ragnarssona þáttr, and the political world of Haukr Erlendsson’, in Agneta Ney, Ármann Jakobsson, and Annette Lassen (eds), Fornaldarsagaerne: Myter og virkelighed (Copenhagen, 2009), pp. 347–60.
——— Vikings in the West: The Legend of Ragnarr Loðbrók and His Sons (Wien, 2012).
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Bale, Anthony (ed.), St Edmund, King and Martyr: Changing Images of a Medieval Saint (Woodbridge, 2009).
Barlow, Frank, The Godwins: The Rise and Fall of a Noble Dynasty (London, 2003).
Barrett, W. H., Tales from the Fens (London, 1963).
Barron, W. R. J., ‘The penalties for treason in medieval life and literature’, Journal of Medieval History 7 (1981), pp. 187–202.
Barrow, Julia, ‘Danish ferocity and abandoned monasteries: the twelfth-century view’, in Martin Brett and David A. Woodman (eds), The Long Twelfth-Century View of the Anglo-Saxon Past (London and New York, 2015), pp. 77–93.
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Bates, David and Robert Liddiard (eds), East Anglia and its North Sea World in the Middle Ages (Woodbridge, 2015).
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Bell, Alexander, ‘Buern Bucecarle in “Gaimar”’, Modern Language Review 27 (1932)
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——— ‘Gaimar’s early “Danish” Kings’, Publications of the Modern Language Association of America 65 (1950), pp. 601–40.
Bell, Kimberly K. and Julie Nelson Couch (eds), The Texts and Contexts of Oxford, Bodleian Library, MS Laud Misc. 108: The Shaping of English Vernacular Narrative (Boston, 2011).
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Biddle, Martin, ‘Excavations at Winchester 1965: fourth interim report’, The Antiquaries Journal 46/2 (1966), pp. 308–32.
Biddle, Martin, and Birthe Kjølbye-Biddle, ‘Danish royal burials in Winchester: Cnut and his family’, in Ryan Lavelle and Simon Roffey (eds), Danes in Wessex: The Scandinavian Impact on Southern England, c.800–c.1100 (Oxford, 2016), pp. 212–49.
Bjork, Robert E., ‘Scandinavian relations’, in P. Pulsiano and E. Treharne (eds), A Companion to Anglo-Saxon Literature (Oxford, 2001), pp. 388–99.
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——— The Empire of Cnut the Great: Conquest and the Consolidation of Power in Northern Europe in the Early Eleventh Century (Leiden, 2009).
——— Cnut the Great (New Haven, 2017).
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