22 OR 2, 484-504; Richmond Dispatch, October 23, 1861; OR 2, 508.
23 OR 2, 509, 512, 511-12; Richmond Whig, November 7, 1861.
24 Pollard, Companions in Arms, 248; Richmond Examiner, November 8, 1861.
25 OR 2, 515, 512-13, 513; Roman, Beauregard 1, 85-87.
26 Journal C.S. Congress 1, 645, 646, 654, 655, 656.
27 OR 5, 945; Roman, Beauregard 1, 189, 489, 491; OR 5, 1048; Jones, War Clerk’s Diary 1, 107.
Chapter 4: Johnston Passes a Dark Winter
1 OR 5, 290ff.; OR, 51:2, 352-53; Johnston, Narrative, 80, 69.
2 Caffey, Battle-fields of the South, 305-6; Pollard, Companions in Arms, 409; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 42-44.
3 Marcus J. Wright, General Officers of the Confederate Army, 9-11.
4 Johnston, Narrative, 71-72.
5 IV OR 1, 605-8, 611; Rowland, Jefferson Davis 8, 257.
6 Woodward, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, contains many illuminating references to Benjamin. Also, Jones, War Clerk’s Diary 1, 38, 71, 88, 89.
7 OR 5, 850, 877, 881, 903, 904-5, 906-8.
8 Johnston, Narrative, 78; OR 51:2, 402; SHSP 26, 150.
9 OR 5, 1011-12, 1015.
10 OR 5, 866, 881, 1027.
11 OR 5, 925, 389, 942-43, 965-66; Richmond Dispatch, November 4, 1861; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 218.
12 SHSP 23, 124; OR 5, 1040-41, 1048, 1053.
13 OR 5, 1053.
14 OR 5, 1059-60, 1062, 1065, 1053.
15 Richmond Whig, April 26, 1873; Henry Kyd Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 26; OR 5, 1062-63.
16 OR 5, 1016-17, 974, 1037, 1045.
17 SHSP 44, 27; Richmond Examiner, Feb. 15, 26, 1862. The fullest and most hostile quotations from newspapers in every part of the South will be found in the Charleston Mercury, February 20-March 18.
18 Davis, Confederate Government 1, 462-63; Johnston, Narrative, 96.
19 Johnston, Narrative, 97.
20 OR 5, 1079, 1081.
21 OR 5, 1083; Johnston, Narrative, 101-2.
22 OR 5, 1087; Johnston, Narrative, 102.
23 Johnston, Narrative, 103, 98n; Early in Davis, Confederate Government 1, 468.
24 OR 5, 525-26, 537ff.; Rowland, Jefferson Davis 8, 187; Richmond Examiner, March 11, 1862.
25 OR 51:2, 1073-74; OR 5, 527-28.
26 Johnston, Narrative, 108; Jones, War Clerk’s Diary 1, 142.
27 OR 11:3, 438.
Chapter 5: Challenge on the Peninsula
1 Johnston, Narrative, 111-12.
2 Johnston, Narrative, 114-16; G.W. Smith, Confederate War Papers, 41-43; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 66.
3 Richmond Dispatch, November 14, Richmond Whig, November 20, Richmond Examiner, November 22, 27, 1861; OR 51:2, 251; OR 2, 681, 686; OR 11:3, 450ff.
4 OR 11:3, 455-56, 461, 469, 473.
5 OR 11:3, 477, 485.
6 OR 11:3, 486ff.; OR 11:1, 337, 348.
7 D. S. Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 10.
8 Sorrel, Recollections, 57-58.
9 Richmond Dispatch, September 25, 1861; OR 12:3, 832.
10 Sorrel, Recollections, 30.
11 IV OR 1, 182; OR 51:2, 310.
12 W. W. Blackford, War Years with Jeb Stuart, 47; Sorrel, Recollections, 41-42, 27; Pollard, Companions in Arms, 420; SHSP 28, 290-91; F. W. Dawson, Reminiscences of Confederate Service, 1861-1865, 130.
13 OR 4, 705, 662, 682; OR 5, 981.
14 IV OR 1, 1029; Charleston Mercury, February 15, March 31, April 3, 1862; IV OR 1, 1031, 1058-59, 1061-62, 1095ff.
15 Rowland, Jefferson Davis 9, 543; SHSP 28, 292, 10, 37; John Cheves Haskell, The Haskell Memoirs, 28.
16 Clark, North Carolina Regiments 2, 201-2; OR 11:3, 503.
17 Johnston, Narrative, 119; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 66.
18 OR 11:1, 275, 441ff.; Johnston, Narrative, 119-20.
19 Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 72-73.
20 Johnston, Narrative, 120; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 72-73.
21 Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 74; Johnston, Narrative, 120; OR 11:1, 275.
22 OR 11:1, 606, 607, 565, 602-3; SHSP 8, 285; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 69.
23 OR 11:1, 603-7; Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 69.
24 Early, Autobiographical Sketch, 70-71; OR 11:1, 603, 610.
25 OR 11:1, 610.
26 OR 11:1, 603-4, 611; SHSP 8, 295.
27 OR 11:1, 568-69, 450, 448.
28 OR 11:1, 275, 276, 565-67.
29 OR 11:1, 607, 603, 604-5; Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 78; Johnston, Narrative, 122.
30 OR 11:1, 275, 276, 627.
31 OR 11:1, 627, 629-30, 631, 618.
32 OR 11:1, 630; OR 11:3, 500.
33 John B. Hood, Advance and Retreat, 18-19.
34 Pollard, Companions in Arms, 673; Haskell, Haskell Memoirs, 16; OR 5, 1097.
35 Hood, Advance and Retreat, 21.
36 OR 51:2, 552-53.
Chapter 6: Seven Pines
1 OR 11:3, 499, 485, 503.
2 OR 11:3, 505, 507-8.
3 OR 11:3, 503, 500.
4 Richmond Dispatch, May 13, Richmond Examiner, May 13, 1862; OR 11:3, 517; Battles and Leaders 2, 206.
5 OR 11:1, 276; Johnston, Narrative, 128; Battles and Leaders 2, 208.
6 OR 11:3, 510-11; Davis, Confederate Government 2, 120; OR 11:3, 530.
7 Johnston, Narrative, 130-31; OR 11:3, 535.
8 OR 11:3, 543, 547.
9 OR 11:1, 681, 743.
10 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 146.
11 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 148-50.
12 OR 11:1, 943, 933.
13 Johnston, Narrative, 133-34; OR 11:1, 938; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 75.
14 Richmond Dispatch, July 8, August 20, September 28, November 6, 1861; OR 11:3, 524ff; Caffey, Battle-fields of the South, 360.
15 Battles and Leaders 2, 241-42; Smith, Confederate War Papers, 164, 166.
16 Longstreet, Manassas to Appomattox, 91; OR 11:1, 942.
17 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 167, 170-71, 248-49; OR 11:1, 934.
18 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 167, 170; Davis, Confederate Government 2, 122; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 92.
19 OR 11:1, 934-35, 989ff.
20 Battles and Leaders 2, 229; Richmond Examiner, August 25, 1862; OR 11:1, 982.
21 OR 11:1, 943, 970ff.
22 OR 11:1, 961, 947ff, 945, 983, 987; Smith, Confederate War Papers, 204ff.
23 OR 11:1, 815-16, 838, 966, 953; Alexander, Military Memoirs, 89.
24 OR 11:1, 991-92, 941; SHSP 26, 144.
25 OR 11:1, 934-35 940-41.
26 OR 11:1, 944-45, 993, 935.
27 Caffey, Battlefields of the South, 254.
28 OR 11:1, 945.
29 OR 11:1, 980.
30 OR 11:1, 935; Smith, Confederate War Papers, 182.
31 Jones, War Clerk’s Diary 1, 132; OR 11:1, 940, 935-39.
32 OR 11:1, 938.
33 OR 11:1, 563.
34 OR Supplement 2, 370-71.
35 OR Supplement 2, 371; OR 11:1, 938.
36 Smith, Confederate War Papers, 165ff.
37 OR 11:1, 986, 989.
38 Johnston, Narrative, 138-39; SHSP 18, 186-87; Battles and Leaders 2, 261.
Chapter 7: To Defend Richmond
1 SHSP 18, 181.
2 Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 9.
3 OR 11:1, 976.
4 SHSP 10, 39; OR 11:3, 509ff, 608.
5 Freeman, Lee’s Dispatches, 11.
6 Rowland, Jefferson Davis 9, 549; 10, 83; OR 11:3, 574.
7 OR 5, 777.
8 OR 5, 489, 490, 494, 1008, 1063.
9 June 4, 1862, H. B. McClellan mss., Confederate Memorial Institute.
10 OR 11:1, 1038.
11 OR 11:3, 590-91.
12 OR 11:1, 1044-45; SHSP 30, 346-48.
13 Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 115ff., 141ff.
14 R. L. T. Beale, History of the Ninth Virginia Cavalry, 11.
16 Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 22ff; Sorrel, Recollections, 29; Richmond Dispatch, November 7, 1861.
17 OR 11:1, 1036-37; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 176-77; G.W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 27.
18 OR 11:1, 1037.
19 OR 11:1, 1038; R. L. T. Beale, Ninth Virginia Cavalry, 18; G.W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 27; von Borcke, Memoirs 1, 39; H. B. McClellan, The Life and Campaigns of J. E. B. Stuart, 57.
20 McClellan, Stuart, 58; OR 11:1, 1038.
21 OR 11:1, 1038.
22 OR 11:1, 1038; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 179.
23 G. W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 28; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 181.
24 Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 182; G. W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 28-29; von Borcke, Memoirs 1, 42; OR 11:1, 1039.
25 McClellan, Stuart, 61.
26 OR 11:1, 1038, 1039.
27 McClellan, Stuart, 62-63, Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 186-87.
28 McClellan, Stuart, 64; G. W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 30.
29 R. L. T. Beale, Ninth Virginia Cavalry, 20-21; G. W. Beale, Lieutenant of Cavalry, 30; McClellan, Stuart, 64-65; Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 187; OR 11:1, 1017, 1039.
30 Alexander, Military Memoirs, 113-14; Thomason, Stuart, 153-55; McClellan, Stuart, 67.
31 Cooke, Wearing of the Gray, 180.
Chapter 8: Guarding the Valley
1 R. L. Dabney, Life and Campaigns of Lieut.-Gen. Thomas J. Jackson, 282; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 212-13.
2 SHSP 19, 302; Land We Love 1, 310; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 237.
3 OR 5, 1095.
4 Hunter H. McGuire in G. F. R. Henderson, Stonewall Jackson and the American Civil War 1, 230.
5 SHSP 19, 315, 302, 83; SHSP 9, 41; Casler, Stonewall Brigade, 92; Clark, North Carolina Regiments 1, 763; Caffey, Battle-fields of the South, 140-41; Howard, Recollections, 80.
6 Howard, Recollections, 78.
7 J. C. Wise, The Long Arm of Lee 1, 162-63.
8 OR 12:1, 380, 386; J. H. Worsham, One of Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 66.
9 OR 12:1, 383, 386, 381.
10 Worsham, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 68.
11 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 247; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 56.
12 William Allan, History of the Campaign of Stonewall Jackson in the Shenandoah Valley of Virginia, 163; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 247. Actually the total of Federal killed, wounded, and missing was 590: OR 12:1, 346-47.
13 Casler, Stonewall Brigade, 66; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 79. Richard Garnett was a cousin of General Robert Garnett who had fallen at Carrick’s Ford.
14 Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 249.
15 Jedediah Hotchkiss, Make Me a Map of the Valley: The Civil War Journal of Stonewall Jackson’s Topographer, 5, 10.
16 Hotchkiss, Journal, 5; OR 12:3, 835; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 171.
17 Howard, Recollections, 81, 87-88.
18 Clark, North Carolina Regiments 4, 446; Howard, Recollections, 83.
19 Hotchkiss, Journal, 20.
20 OR 12:1, 384.
21 Johnston’s lost letter, dated April 8, can be reconstructed from Jackson’s and Ewell’s references in OR 12:3, 845, 848, 863.
22 OR 12:3, 848.
23 Howard, Recollections, 86; Hotchkiss, Journal, 28.
24 OR 12:1, 426; Hotchkiss, Journal, 27, 33; OR 12:3, 880.
25 OR 12:3, 871.
26 OR 12:3, 871.
27 OR 12:3, 872.
28 OR 12:3, 872.
29 Hotchkiss, Journal, 34-35; John A. Harman mss., Hotchkiss Papers, Library of Congress; OR 12:3, 861, 876.
30 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 37-38; Sorrel, Recollections, 56-57.
31 OR 51:2, 357; Richmond Dispatch, November 25, 1861; OR 5, 1089.
32 SHSP 7, 345; 20, 33; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction.
33 OR 12:3, 878.
34 SHSP 9, 364-65.
35 OR 12:3, 879, 881, 882.
36 OR 12:3, 884, 885; F. M. Myers, The Comanches, 37-38.
37 P. G. Hamlin, ed., The Making of a Soldier: Letters of General R. S. Ewell, 108.
38 Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 47-48; Howard, Recollections, 92, 99, 104; Henderson, Stonewall Jackson 1, 298-99.
39 OR 12:3, 891-92; Jackson mss., Confederate Memorial Institute.
40 OR 12:3, 891, 895.
41 OR 12:3, 894.
Chapter 9: Jackson Launches His Offensive
1 Hotchkiss, Journal, 36-37; Dabney, Jackson, 354.
2 OR 12:3, 893, 894.
3 Dabney, Jackson, 359; OR 12:3, 897.
4 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 49-50.
5 OR 12:3, 898, 896-97, 898, 897.
6 A. R. Lawton in Woodward, Mary Chesnut’s Civil War, 499.
7 T. C. Johnson, Robert Lewis Dabney, 262, 270.
8 The authorization came from Johnston, to whom no doubt Lee had endorsed Jackson’s telegram: Dabney Papers, Virginia State Library.
9 Hotchkiss, Journal, 48; OR 12:1, 702.
10 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 51-52; Dabney, Jackson, 365; Lucy R. Buck, Diary of Lucy Rebecca Buck, 1861-1865, 58.
11 OR 12:1, 556, 702, 725; Dabney, Jackson, 365-66.
12 Dabney, Jackson, 366-68; OR 12:1, 702, 557-58, 733-37; SHSP 24, 133; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 210-11.
13 Dabney, Jackson, 368; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 211; OR 12:1, 734; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 54.
14 OR 12:1, 703.
15 OR 12:1, 703
16 OR 12:1, 725-26, 703-4; Dabney, Jackson, 372-73; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 55.
17 OR 12:1, 726, 704.
18 E. A. Moore, The Story of a Cannoneer Under Stonewall Jackson, 56; Worshman, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 84-85; J. B. Avirett, The Memoirs of General Turner Ashby and His Compeers, 196-97.
19 Dabney, Jackson, 375; OR 12:1, 726; Avirett, Ashby, 199.
20 OR 12:1, 735, 758.
21 Worsham, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 86; OR 12:1, 758, 761.
22 Howard, Recollections, 110; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 57-58.
23 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 58.
24 Dabney, Jackson, 379; Worsham, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 87.
25 Hotchkiss, CMH 3, 242; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 59; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 59; OR 12:1, 706; Avirett, Ashby, 271; Dabney, Jackson, 381.
26 Dabney, Jackson, 381; OR 12:1, 709; OR 12:3, 901.
27 OR 12:1, 706-7, 710; Dabney, Jackson, 382; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 265.
28 OR 12:1, 707, 730, 738, 708.
29 OR 12:3, 219, 266, 268; OR 12:1, 643.
Chapter 10: Victory in the Valley
1 Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 62-63; Hotchkiss, Journal, 49.
2 SHSP 40, 164-65.
3 Hotchkiss, Journal, 49.
4 SHSP 40, 166; Hotchkiss, Journal, 49-50.
5 SHSP 40, 168.
6 Hotchkiss, Journal, 50.
7 OR 12:1, 708; Hotchkiss, Journal, 50.
8 OR 12:3, 904; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 61.
9 OR 12:3, 904; Hotchkiss, Journal, 50-51; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 64-65; OR 12:1, 14.
10 OR 12:1, 708.
11 OR 12:1, 650; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 71.
12 Hotchkiss, Journal, 51; OR 12:1, 731.
13 Hotchkiss, Journal, 51; Dabney, Jackson, 397.
14 Hotchkiss, Journal, 51; OR 12:1, 14.
15 Hotchkiss, Journal, 51-52.
16 OR 12:3, 906-7; Dabney, Jackson, 403-4. The evidence regarding these dispositions is in part inferential.
17 OR 12:3, 906; Hotchkiss, Journal, 52; Hotchkiss, CMH 3, 253.
18 Charleston Mercury, May 29, 1862; Douglas in A. K. McClure, ed., Annals of the War, 649; OR 12:3, 905, 906-7.
19 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 26.
20 OR 12:1, 712; Avirett, Ashby, 226.
21 OR 12:1, 712; Dabney, Jackson, 407-8.
22 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 72.
23 OR 12:1, 781, 732; Hotchkiss, Journal, 53. For Jackson, 13,000 infantry, plus 1,000 cavalry and 500 or 600 artillery seems a reasonable estimate.
24 OR 12:3, 907-8; Dabney statement (May 7, 1896), Hotchkiss Papers.
25 Hotchkiss, Journal, 53; S. J. C. Moore statement, Hotchkiss Papers; Douglas, I Rode with Stonewall, 85.
26 Dabney, Crutchfield statements (1896), Hotchkiss Papers.
27 Dabney, Jackson, 412-13; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 270; OR 12:1, 713, 773.
28 OR 12:1, 714; Dabney, Jackson, 415.
29 OR 12:1, 712-13, 732, 781, 796.
30 OR 12:1, 782, 796, 714, 798.
31 Howard, Recollections, 124; OR 12:1: 818, 784.
32 OR 12:1, 714; Hotchkiss, Journal, 125-26; Dabney, Jackson, 419-21; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 278.
33 OR 12:1, 740; Hotchkiss, CMH 3, 261.
34 OR 12:1, 740, 714, 760, 745, 747.
35 Hotchkiss, CMH 3, 261; OR 12:1, 798; Hotchkiss, Journal, 55.
36 OR 12:1, 741, 714, 729, 763, 786, 715.
37 OR 12:1, 693, 715, 802, 786; Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 74-76.
38 OR 12:1, 742, 732, 715-16, 771; Dabney, Jackson, 425.
39 OR 12:1, 697, 691, 687, 690; Allan, Shenandoah Valley Campaign, 284.
40 OR 12:1, 716; Dabney, Jackson, 429-30; Anna Jackson, Stonewall Jackson, 283; Hotchkiss, Journal, 129.
41 Robert Stiles, Four Years Under Marse Robert, 245-46, on the authority of Hunter McGuire.
42 Taylor, Destruction and Reconstruction, 78-79.
43 OR 12:3, 908, 590, 594; Chilton mss., Museum of the Confederacy; Boteler in SHSP 40, 172-73; Robert E. Lee, The Wartime Papers of R. E. Lee, 193.
44 Hotchkiss, Journal, 57; OR 12:3, 913.
45 OR 12:1, 725.
46 Howard, Recollections, 130.
47 OR 12:1, 782.
48 SHSP 7, 530.
Chapter 11: Struggle for Richmond
1 Battles and Leaders 2, 296-97, 348.
2 Dabney memorandum (March 31, 1896), Hotchkiss Papers; C. S. Anderson, “Train Running for the Confederacy,” Railway and Locomotive Engineering (August 1892), 287.
3 Dabney, Jackson, 435; Worsham, Jackson’s Foot Cavalry, 97.
4 Dabney memorandum, Harman mss., Hotchkiss Papers; D. S. Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 108.
5 Details and sources in D. S. Freeman, R. E. Lee 2, 110ff.
6 Dabney memorandum, Hotchkiss Papers.
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