Jefferson, Thomas, 33
Joseph of Arimathea, 118
katydids, 160–63, 194
Kepler, Johannes, 8–11
kinglets, golden-crowned, 21–22
Lao Tzu, 99
leafcup herbs, 24, 207
leafhoppers, 103–6
leaf miners, 103
lenticels, 213–14
Leopold, Aldo, 243, 244
Lewis and Clark, 33
lichens, 1–5, 105
light, quality of, 200–203, 206, 216–17, 239
Linnaeus, Carl, 243, 244
litter, 222–29
liverworts, 36
logging, 63–67, 91–92, 237
London Times, 107–8
lone star ticks, 117, 119, 120, 121
Lorenz, Konrad, 197
Louisiana waterthrush, 81
luciferin, 139–40
Lyme disease, 121
malaria, 111, 112–13
mandala, creation of, xi–xiv
maple trees, 73–77
caterpillars feeding on, 108
fallen, 100
flowers of, 87
seeds of, 86, 100–101, 188–93
as shade tolerant, 219
mastodons, 32, 33
mayapple, 165–66, 167
meadowsweet, 165
medicine, 165–68
meditation, 245
meniscus, 36
methane, 224
microbes, 25–26, 27, 28, 177, 222–24
millipedes, 233
mitochondria, 135, 136, 140
mosquitoes, 109–13, 116
mosses, 23–24, 35–40
moths, 78–80
English peppered, 203
tussock, 170, 172, 173
mountain lions, 34
mushrooms, reproduction, 133–34
musk oxen, 32
mycorrhizae, 227–28
myrmecochory, 90
natural selection, 91, 92, 98, 129–30, 137, 167
nectar robbers, 70–71
nematodes, 230, 234–35
newts, red-spotted, 148–50
New York Times, 107–8
night vision, 137
nitric oxide, 140
nuthatches, 83
nymphs, 120
onychiurid family, 232
orchids, 61
osange oranges, 33
owls, barred, 240
oxygen-free environments, 26–27
parallel worlds, 242
partnerships, 1–7
in lichens, 1–5
worm and cricket, 5–6
pattern-recognition systems, 204–5
Paulownia tomentosa, 220
peccaries, 32
Philomycid family, 199–200
phloem, 75, 104
phosphates, 227
photons, 84–85, 139
photosynthesis, 26
phytochromes, 217
pinks, 72
plants:
fertilization, see pollination
and fungi, 226–29
healing roles of, 48, 107, 165–68, 223
and insects, 60–62, 88–92, 102–8
resurrection of, 22–24
rootlets of, 224–29
seed dispersal, 86–92
and vitamins, 24
winter, 22–24
Plethodon, 42–45
plumage, 202
pollination:
and insects, 57–58, 60–62, 68–72, 90–91, 92
wind dispersal, 86–87, 188–90, 192
potassium, 80
potworms, 234
predators, elimination of, 34
Princess Tree, 220
propagules, 132
protists, 27–28, 224
Pterophylla camellifolia, 160–66
questing behavior, 118–21
rabbits, 26
raccoons, 195–96, 198
radula, 234
Reid’s paradox, 89–90
rhizosphere, 225–26
Richter scale, 94
Rocky Mountain spotted fever, 121
rootlets, 224–29
rue anemone, 54, 60, 72
rumen, 26–29, 105
sabertooth cats, 33
sac fungi, 131–33, 134
salamanders, 41–45, 147–50, 231
detachable tails of, 45
diversity of, 44
lunglessness of, 43–44, 45
poachers of, 164
rootedness of, 44
samaras, 191–93
seeds:
dispersal of, 86–92, 188–93
helicopter, 100–101, 188, 191
samaras, 191–93
seed shadows, 190
seed ticks, 120
seismographs, 94
self-fertilization, 68–69
shaggy scarlet cup, 131–33, 134
sharp-shinned hawks, 208–12
shinrin-yoku, 187
shrews, short-tailed, 56–57
sloths, giant ground, 32, 33
slugs, 199–200, 204, 206
snails, 51–53, 97, 114–16, 127–30, 233–34
snowflakes, 8–11
sodium deficiency, 79–80
sperm, 134
spicebush, 102
spiders, 233
spores:
of ferns, 123–24, 125
of fungi, 131, 133–34, 224
of mushrooms, 133–34
spring beauty flowers, 54, 56, 60, 61, 70
spring ephemerals, 54–56
and bees, 57–60
and evolution, 92
hermaphroditism of, 70, 129
and insects, 60–62
populations of, 89
seeds of, 87–92
springtails, 232–33
squirrels, 186, 194–95, 213, 236–37, 238
sulfuric acid, 115
sunflecks, 141–43, 145–46
syrinx, 84
tachinid flies, 163
tannins, 108
Taoism, 99, 101
tapeworms, 129
tapirs, 32
termites, 26
Thoreau, Henry David, 83
thrushes, 167
wood, 83–84
ticks, 30, 117–21
lone star, 117, 119, 120, 121
seed, 120
titmice, tufted, 18, 21–22, 81
Tongass National Forest, 237
toothwort, 54, 61
tree frogs, 200, 202
Tree of Heaven, 220
trees, 73–77
and canopy openings, 219
competition for light among, 215–16
fallen (“coarse woody debris”), 45, 100, 216–18
flowers of, 87
invasive species of, 220
logging, 63–67, 91–92, 237
phloem of, 75, 104
plantations of, 65–67
treetops, 236–38
and twigs, 213–21
water-lifting system in, 74–75
and wind, 98–101
xylem of, 75–77, 104, 225
trichromats, 204–5
trillium, toadshade, 55–56, 89, 102
tufted titmice, 18, 21–22, 81
tuliptrees, 191, 219
turkeys, 83
turkey vultures, 174–79
turtles, box, 166
tussock moths, 170, 172, 173
twigs, 213–21
underground bestiary, 230–35
underground networks, 136
variation, 193
viburnum, 25, 103–4
vireos, red-eyed, 82–83
vitamins, 24
vultures, 174–79
walnut trees, 219
warblers:
black-and-white, 54, 81
black-throated green, 54, 83
Cape May, 181
Connecticut, 181
hooded, 81, 180–81
Kentucky, 82
magnolia, 181
migrating, 169, 173, 182–83
Na
shville, 181
Tennessee, 169, 181
worm-eating, 81
wasps:
ichneumon, 143–44
larvae inside caterpillars, 143–45
and sunfleck, 145–46
watching, 239–42
water:
animals in, 231
eroding power of, 39
tree systems for, 74–75
West Nile virus, 111–12, 116
White, Gilbert, 244
willow bark, 165
wind, 97–101
pollination by, 86–87, 188–90, 192
storms, 218–19
winter plants, 22–24
winter solstice, 239
winter survival, 12–20, 22
wolves, 153–54
declining populations of, 151–52
dire, 33–34
gray, 34
woodpeckers:
downy, 18
hairy, 242
pileated, 82
plumage of, 202
red-bellied, 21, 82
wood thrush, 83–84
worms:
earthworms, 234
horsehair, 5–6
nematodes, 230, 234–35
potworms, 234
wrens:
Carolina, 21–22, 82
winter, 82, 207–8, 212
xylem, 75–77, 104, 225
yam, wild, 166, 167
Zhuangzi, 2
The Forest Unseen: A Year's Watch in Nature Page 28