Summer of Blood: The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381

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Summer of Blood: The Peasants’ Revolt of 1381 Page 23

by Dan Jones


  Farringdon, Thomas 90, 112

  Faversham, Kent 63

  Ferrers, Sir Ralph 35, 84

  Fitzalan, earl of Arundel, Richard 38, 71, 128

  Fitzwalter, Sir William 197

  Fitzwalter, Walter 58

  Fleet Prison, London 90, 97

  Fleet Street, London 35, 89, 91, 92, 93

  Flemish merchants 8, 130, 155, 176, 186, 197

  Fobbing, Essex 42, 46, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55

  Fog, Sir Thomas 64

  Fordham of Durham, Bishop 84

  France: Jacquerie, 1358 9, 208; peace negotiations with England 21, 26, 27, 36, 37-8, 57, 71; raiding parties terrorise the south-east coast of England 12, 20, 26, 28; threaten invasion of England 20, 22, 26, 45, 61; war with England (Hundred Years War) 8, 12, 17-19, 20, 21, 22, 26-7, 33, 37, 38, 45, 57, 61, 71, 109, 138, 162, 194, 205, 207

  Fresh, John 86

  Freston, John de 185

  Frindsbury, Kent 62

  Froissart, John 9, 11

  Garmwenton, Thomas 64

  Gascony, France 18, 19, 28

  Gildesburgh, Sir John 28, 30, 31, 42, 45, 46, 49, 50, 55, 58, 75

  Giles (Guilden) Morden, Cambridgeshire 181

  Godwot, John 62-3

  Gordon, Lord 3

  Gower, John 7-9, 13, 16, 85, 208

  Gravele, Robert de 186

  Gravesend, Kent 62

  Great Yarmouth, Norfolk 186, 195

  Greenwich, London 69, 77, 78

  Grindcobbe, William 163, 164, 165, 166, 200

  Guildhall, London 108, 129, 188

  Hales, Sir Robert 43, 63, 71, 79, 83, 84, 92, 100, 101, 107, 112, 116, 117, 119, 121, 122, 127, 129, 134, 171, 190

  Hales, Sir Stephen 184, 185

  Harleston, Roger of 179-80, 181

  Harleston, Sir John 197

  Harry, Roger 57-8

  Haselden, Thomas de 62

  Hasilden, Thomas 181

  Hauchach, John 193

  Hawley, Robert 35, 135

  Henry I, King 163

  Henry II, King 176

  Henry III, King 134

  Henry of Derby (later Henry IV) 71, 116, 119, 121, 206-7

  Henry VII, King 207

  Henry VIII, King 205

  Herring, Nicholas 62

  Hertfordshire 50, 55, 70, 113, 126, 136, 164, 190

  Hethe, William de 53

  Highbury, London 105, 107, 111, 162, 190

  Hinckford Hundred, Essex 42, 50

  Holborn, London 105

  Holland, John 112

  Holland, earl of Kent, Thomas 71, 112, 190, 203

  Hoo, Sir Richard de 64

  Horn, John 86-7

  Hospital of St John of Jerusalem, London 43, 97, 100-1, 105, 108

  Hospital of St Katherine, London 100, 101, 102, 107

  Howard, Robert 184

  Hundred Years War (1337-1453) 8, 12, 17-18, 20, 21, 22, 26-7, 33, 36, 37-8, 57, 71, 94, 109, 138, 162, 194, 205, 207

  see also France Huntingdon, Cambridgeshire 171, 174, 178, 181, 195

  Imperial, Janus 36, 38-9

  Imworth, Marshal Richard 72, 74, 92, 133-6, 143

  Ireland 28

  Isle of Sheppey, Kent 62

  Isle of Wight 21

  Jean of France, King 18, 19

  Joan of Kent, queen mother 70, 112, 113, 116, 119, 121, 130, 131, 162

  John of Cambridge 172

  John of Gaunt, duke of Lancaster 37, 54;

  Church, attitude towards 32, 34; City of London, relationship with 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 58, 72-3, 87, 108; Hawley affair 35, 84, 135; Henry Percy and 189; isolation from rebellion 189; John Wycliff, support for 32, 34-5; negotiates peace treaty with Scotland 27, 36, 37-8, 57, 71, 189; Parliament, 1380, role in 27, 29, 35, 38; personality 20, 22, 27, 33, 34-5; rebels target property and supporters of 58, 60, 62, 89, 90, 92, 93, 94-6, 100, 108, 119, 121, 122, 127, 136, 171, 177, 184, 187; Regent-elect 22; Richard II and 162, 188-9, 202, 206; Savoy Palace attacked and burnt 89, 90, 93, 94-6, 100, 108; unpopularity 20, 22, 27, 33, 34-5, 58, 60, 62, 87, 89, 90, 93, 94-6, 100, 171; war with France and 20

  John of Greenfield 136

  ‘The Just Reward of Rebels’ 210

  Kent 2, 3, 160, 161, 166, 167; birth of revolt within 52-4, 57, 59-63, 64, 65, 75; Blackheath, Kent rebels camped on 69, 70, 78, 118; London, Kent rebels enter 85-90, 91, 94; serfdom within 81-2; Smithfield, Kent rebels at see Smithfield; Clerkenwell Field, Kent rebels at see Clerkenwell; pacification of 151-5, 160, 162, 190, 196, 202, 203; reaction of Kent rebels to death of Wat Tyler 151-5; radical rebel element from within 126-31, 137, 163; see also under individual town or village

  Ker, Abel 52-4, 55, 65, 73

  Ket, Robert 3

  Keye, Walter ate 129

  King’s Lynn, Norfolk 171

  Kirkby, John 36, 38, 39

  Knighton, Henry 33, 41, 45, 47, 167, 173, 175, 177

  Knights Hospitallers 63, 83, 92, 99-100, 181

  Knights Templar 92

  Knolles, Sir Robert 109, 110, 112, 120, 137, 138, 153, 160

  Kybyte, William 187, 188

  La Royal (Queen’s Wardrobe), London 130, 136

  labour laws, English, 14th century 2, 10-11, 14-17, 114-15, 207

  Lambeth, London 74, 78, 79

  Langley, earl of Cambridge, Edmund 20, 43, 71

  Launde, Robert 71, 155, 159-60

  le Spencer, bishop of Norwich, Henry 167

  legal system, English, 14th century: labour laws, English, 14th century 2, 10-11, 14-17, 114-15, 207; lower orders and 4, 11, 15, 17, 51, 57; rebel attacks upon 57, 65, 74, 75, 82, 89, 90, 92-3, 98-9, 103, 108, 121, 131, 132-6, 172, 177, 178, 179, 187 see also courts

  Legge, John 44, 84, 119, 121, 122, 127

  Leggett, Emma 99

  Leggett, Roger 97, 98-9, 134

  Leicester 168, 171, 177

  Leicestershire 3, 168, 171, 177

  Lesnes Abbey, Kent 53, 54

  Liston, Suffolk 131

  Litster, Geoffrey 166, 170, 171, 173, 177, 184-5, 186-7, 194, 195

  Lominor, Henry 185

  London: 2, 77-8; City of London, relationship between John of Gaunt and 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3; City of London relationship with crown and government 21, 22, 28, 29; Londoners join rebellion 57-8, 72-3, 86-90, 95, 98; merchant power within 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3; Mile End meeting between rebels and king 111-17; pacification of 151-5, 160-6, 175-7, 188; rebels advance on 66, 69-70; rebels enter 1, 86-90, 91-6; rebels rampage through 91-6, 97-107, 125-31, 133-9; Smithfield meeting between rebels and king 141-55 see also under individual area, building and street

  London Bridge 1, 72, 84, 86, 87-8, 90, 128, 130, 144

  lordship, English system of 2, 5, 10-17, 25, 30-2, 41, 42, 50, 51, 53, 62, 64, 81-2, 105, 108, 114-15, 137, 146, 147, 163, 164, 177, 196, 199, 208

  Lud, King 89

  Ludgate, London 35, 89, 90, 96, 128

  Lyons, Richard 20, 130-1

  Macaulay, G. C. 9

  Magna Carta, 1215 3, 25

  Maidstone, Kent 60, 61, 62, 72, 151

  Mandeville, Thomas 58

  Manningtree, Essex 129

  Marshalsea prison, London 72, 74, 90

  Mary I, Queen 209

  Medmenham, William 64

  merchants, London: attacks upon 1, 8, 129-31, 155, 176, 186, 197; closeness to king 1 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 155, 159-60; Flemish in London 1, 8, 129-30, 155, 176, 186, 197; John of Gaunt and 22, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 58, 72-3, 87, 108; loans to government 21, 28, 29; power of 20, 21, 22, 28, 29, 33, 34, 36, 38, 39, 40, 72-3, 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 155, 159-60; power of retribution handed to 159-60, 161; reaction to rebellion 108-9, 110, 111, 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 143, 144, 145, 151, 152, 153 see also Walworth, Mayor of London, Sir William

  Middlesex 129, 136, 160

  Mile End, London 78, 111-16, 117, 119, 120, 126, 127, 128, 137, 138, 139, 142, 145, 146, 147, 150, 160, 162, 163, 165, 189, 192, 193, 197, 203, 204

  Mirour de l’omme (Gower) 9<
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  Montagu (Montacute), earl of Salisbury, William 71, 79, 83, 101, 110, 111, 120

  Morley, Sir Thomas 184, 185, 187

  Mortimer, Roger 205

  Mousehold Heath, Norfolk 184, 185, 194, 200

  New Temple, London 92-3, 100, 142

  Newgate prison, London 96, 188

  Newgate, London 96, 141, 188

  Newton, Sir John 59, 62, 72, 82-3, 151

  Norfolk 136, 167, 171, 173, 177, 184, 187, 189, 190, 194

  Norman Conquest 12, 17, 29, 134

  North Walsham, Norfolk 186, 194

  Northampton, Northamptonshire 25-32, 42, 43, 79, 200

  Norwich, Norfolk 170, 173, 177, 179, 182, 184, 185, 186, 193, 194

  Offa, King 164, 165

  Ordinance of Labourers, 1349 14

  Osgrave, Sir Thomas 62

  Oswald, St 172

  Osyth Priory, Essex 41

  Ouse, River, Sussex 178

  Oxfordshire 3

  Paine, Thomas 210

  Parliament, English: 1351 14-15; 1363 16; 1376, Good 19-20; 1378, Gloucester 35; 1380, Northampton 25-32, 42, 43; 1381 206, 207; 1387 Merciless 205

  Paston, Clement 13

  Peasants’ Revolt, 1381 1, 8-9; appearance/sound of 1, 4-5, 7, 8, 88-90, 91-2, 103, 112-14, 128, 133, 142, 145; birth of 45-7, 49-50; Blackheath, gathering on 66, 69-70, 71-2, 74, 75, 84, 85, 86, 118; bloodthirsty nature of 1, 3, 4, 7, 51, 56, 64, 65, 75, 98-9, 107, 113-14, 126-31, 136, 143, 155, 171-2, 185; causes, myriad 4; Church, attitude towards 1, 61, 62, 63, 64, 74-6, 79, 80-1, 83, 84, 92-3, 98-9, 105, 108, 116, 117-19, 121-4, 126-7, 134-6, 137, 143, 147, 150, 154, 164, 170, 171-4, 199, 204, 210; conservative nature of 116, 163, 165, 207; demands/aims of 51, 83-4, 102, 114-15, 145, 146-7, 149-50, 163, 193, 195-6, 203, 204, 207, 208; discipline among 75, 83, 89, 114, 126, 133, 142, 197; first band of rebels 45-7, 49-50; Flemish merchants, murder of 1, 8, 129-30, 155, 176, 186, 197; gentry, sympathisers within/recruits from within 53, 64, 86-7, 171, 177, 184-5, 187, 191; government/crown reaction to 101, 108-10, 112-16, 128, 137-9, 151-5, 159-205; hostages/kidnappings 53, 59-60, 72, 75, 82-3, 137, 151; ideology of 51, 60, 83-4, 88-90, 91-2, 95, 98, 103, 112-13, 126-31, 137, 163, 189-90; jail breaks 59, 61, 65, 72, 89, 91, 96, 97, 164, 186, 188, 191; king, reverence for 72, 101, 112-13, 114; king negotiates with 66, 70-2, 73-4, 75, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-4, 101-3, 112-16, 137-9, 141-7, 149-54; leadership 50, 52-3, 59, 60-1, 73, 85-6, 107, 177 see also under individual leader name; legacy of 207-11; legal profession, attacks upon 57, 65, 74, 75, 82, 89, 90, 92-3, 98-9, 103, 108, 121, 131, 132-6, 172, 177, 178, 179, 187; London, entry of rebels into 86-90, 91-6; London, government pacification of 151-5, 160-6, 175-7, 188; Londoners join 57-8, 72-3, 86-90, 95, 98, 128; looting forbidden 95, 98; meeting of, Whitsunday, 1831, Bocking, Essex 51; lordship, attack on system of 2, 5, 10-17, 25, 30-2, 41, 42, 50, 51, 53, 62, 64, 81-2, 105, 108, 114-15, 137, 146, 147, 163, 164, 177, 196, 199, 208; Mile End meeting with king, 14th June, 1831 111-16, 119, 120-1, 123-4, 126, 128, 137, 139, 146, 147, 150, 160, 162, 163, 203, 204; naming of 3, 10, 211; organisation/structure of 2, 3, 50, 51, 52, 55, 56, 61, 74-5, 93, 95, 98, 112-13, 126-31, 189-90; pacification of/counter-terror 2-3, 159-206; petty rivalry and jealousy enter 2, 112-13, 129; political consciousness of 3, 207, 208; radical wing of 126-31, 137, 163, 189-90; rebellious tradition, effect on birth of English 3, 207, 208-11; recruitment 50, 51-2, 53, 54, 55, 82-3, 105-7, 137, 151, 184-5, 187; representations of 8-9, 208-11; Rotherhithe meeting with king, 13th June, 1381 66, 70-2, 73-4, 75, 77, 78, 79-80, 82-4, 113, 118; Smithfield, meeting with king, 15th June, 1831 at 138-9, 141-7, 149-54; sources for story of 3-4, 7-10; split in ranks after Mile End meeting 126-31; ‘summer games’ nature of 42, 73, 74-5, 185, 187; targets of 51, 53, 83-4, 92, 101, 112-13, 120-4, 130-1, 133-6, 185; Tower Hill gathering of 107-8, 112-13, 114, 118-24; Wat Tyler’s death, reaction to 151-5

  Percy, earl of Northumberland, Henry 37, 189, 202, 203

  Percy, Sir Thomas 112, 166, 197

  Perrers, Alice 19-20

  Peterborough, Cambridgeshire 172, 173, 178, 181, 186

  Philipot, Sir John 29, 35, 38, 39-40, 71, 108-9, 110, 137, 138, 142, 153, 155, 159-60, 161

  plague 8, 13-15, 19, 42

  Plessington, Sir Robert 84

  Poitiers, battle of, 1356 18

  poll taxes see taxation

  Portugal 43, 71

  Preston, John 192-3, 195-6

  Priory of St John of Jerusalem, London 99–100, 101, 142

  Prittlewell Senior, John 54

  Queenhithe, London 88, 136

  Rainham, Kent 54

  Raven, Thomas 129

  Redyng, John 128

  Richard of Bordeaux see Richard II, King

  Richard II, King 34, 43, 55, 102-3, 105, 108, 109, 110, 111, 128, 166 abdication 206; accession 20, 54, 79; appeasement of rebels, policy of 101-3, 108-10, 111, 115-16, 137, 142, 150; Blackheath, arranges to meet rebels at 65, 66, 70-2; character 101, 162, 176, 177, 190, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; Chelmsford, speech to rebels at 196, 201; Clerkenwell Field, leads rebels to 152-5; counsel on reaction to rebellion 108-10, 111, 137-9; effect of rebellion upon 161-2, 200, 205; Henry of Derby and 206-7; John of Gaunt and 162, 188-9, 202-3, 206; issues commissions to bring country under control 189, 190, 192, 195; London, leaves 189, 190, 197; London, regains control over 175-7, 188; marries Anne of Bohemia 204, 205, 207; messages to rebels 101-3, 137; Mile End meeting with rebels 111-16, 126, 127-8, 137, 139, 142, 146, 150, 160, 203, 204; military reaction to rebellion, decides upon 137-9; misgovernment in name of, belief of populace in 46, 60, 83-4; pardons, issues 204-5; parliaments see Parliament; places power to hunt down rebels in hands of mayor and allies 160-6, 175-7; retribution for rebellion, directs 159-66, 175-7, 188, 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; role model for kingship, lack of effective 206; Rotherhithe, meeting with rebels at 73-4, 75, 77, 79-80, 82, 83-4, 137-9; Royal Wardrobe 127-8; Smithfield, meeting with rebels at 138-9, 141-7, 149-54, 170, 176, 203, 205; St Albans, acts to defend 165, 166; Sudbury and 78-9, 102, 116; in Tower of London 70-1, 75, 78-9, 101-3, 108-10, 111; ‘traitors’, sanctions rebels taking of 116, 120-1, 123-4, 125-6, 127; vindictiveness 162, 176, 177, 190, 191, 192, 196, 197, 200-1, 202, 204, 205-6; Walworth counsels attacking reaction to rebellion 108-10, 111, 137-9, 152-5

  Rikeden, Robert 58

  Rochester Castle, Rochester 59-60, 61, 62, 65, 72

  Rotherhithe, Surrey 80, 82-4, 101, 113, 118

  Royal Wardrobe 127-8, 143

  Salisbury, earl of see Montagu, earl of Salisbury, William

  Salle, Sir Robert 167, 173, 185

  Savoy Palace, London 1, 2, 8, 34, 35, 89, 90, 91, 93, 94-6, 97, 98, 99, 101, 125, 189

  Scales, Sir Roger 184, 185

  Schep, John 168

  Scotland 14, 22, 26, 27, 28, 35, 36, 37, 57, 189

  Scrope, Sir Richard le 203

  Segrave, Sir Hugh 38, 166, 203

  Segynton, Robert de 58

  Septvantz, William 62, 65

  serfdom 11, 16, 81-2, 115, 147, 193, 207, 208

  serjeants-at-arms 44, 84

  Sewale, Sir John 45, 46, 51, 58, 62

  Shakespeare, William 209-10

  Shirley, John 201, 202

  Sir Thomas More (Shakespeare) 209-10

  Sittingbourne, Kent 62

 

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