by Nick Holland
13. Evelyn, Helen, The History of the Evelyn Family, p. 18
14. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
15. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 55
16. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
17. Ibid.
18. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 72
19. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
20. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 75
21. Simons, Eric N., The Devil of the Vault, p. 80
Chapter 16
1. Candlemas marks the fortieth day of the Christmas season, and was celebrated by Catholics as the Feast of the Purification of the Blessed Virgin Mary and of the Presentation of our Lord Jesus. Falling on 2 February it is the end of the Christmas period
2. Jesse, John Heneage, Literary and Historical Memorials of London – Volume 2, p. 175
3. Simons, Eric N., The Devil of the Vault, p. 85
4. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 84
8. Ibid., p. 85
9. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
10. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 83
11. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. 219
12. The Catherine Wheel in Oxford was opposite St. Mary Magdalene’s Church, a site now occupied by Baliol College
13. McCoog, Thomas M., The Reckoned Expense, p. 61
14. Edwards, Father Francis, The Enigma of the Gunpowder Plot, 1605: The Third Solution, p. 158
15. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 101
16. Edwards, Father Francis, The Enigma, p. 63
17. Ibid., p. 64
18. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, pp. 109-10
19. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 59
20. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, What Gunpowder Plot Was, pp. 100-1
21. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 86
22. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 59
23. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
24. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 86
25. Ibid.
26. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, What Gunpowder Plot Was, p. 100
Chapter 17
1. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
2. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 102
3. Ibid.
4. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 107
5. State Papers, SP14/216/6, Examination of John Johnson, 5 November 1605
6. Houliston, Victor, Catholic Resistance in Elizabethan England, p. 5
7. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 103
8. Davis, John Paul, Pity for the Guy, p. 161
9. Recusant History, Volume 23, p. 527
10. Ibid.
11. Pendrill, Colin, Spain 1474-1700: The Triumphs and Tribulations of Empire, p. 123
12. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 72
13. State Papers, SP14/216/6, Examination of John Johnson, 5 November 1605
14. Anstruther, Godfrey, Vaux of Harrowden, p. 269
15. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 73
16. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 124
17. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, pp. 102-3
18. State Papers, SP14/216/6, Examination of John Johnson, 5 November 1605
19. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 62
20. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 79
21. Ibid., p. 77
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid., pp. 81-2
24. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 64
25. Sprott, S.E., Sir Edward Baynham, p. 96
26. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 68
27. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 134
28. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 82
Chapter 18
1. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
2. Ibid.
3. Walls, Ernest, Shakespeare’s Avon, p. 185
4. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 100
5. Matthew 10:37
6. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 101
7. State Papers, SP14/216/127, Declaration of Robert Keyes
8. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 135
9. Ibid.
10. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 147
11. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 105
12. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 77
13. Collings, Michael R., Milton’s Century, p. 49
14. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 112
15. Ibid., p. 112
16. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
17. Records of the English Province of the Society of Jesus in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries, Volume 3, p. 137
18. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 78
19. Collings, Michael R., Milton’s Century, p. 48
20. It’s not known what in particular caused offence in this play by Johnson and Nashe, except that it was called lewd and slanderous. Whatever the reason, Ben Jonson found himself in the Marshalsea Prison in 1597
21. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 83
22. Calendar of State Papers, Domestic Series, of the Reign of Elizabeth, 1601-1603, p. 111
23. Taylor, E.G.R. (ed.), The Original Correspondence and Writings of the Two Richard Hakluyts, Volume II, p. 491
24. Anstruther, Godfrey, Vaux of Harrowden, p. 274
25. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 80
26. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 66
27. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 108
28. State Papers, SP14/216/63, Testimony of Francis Tresham
29. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
30. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 149
31. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 104
32. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 115
33. State Papers, SP14/216 Pt1 (11a)
Chapter 19
1. The King’s Book
2. Bengtsen, Fiona, Sir William Waad, Lieutenant of the Tower, and the Gunpowder Plot, p. 123
3. The letter was from Cecil’s spy Captain William Turner, see Chapter 17
4. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 151
5. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 117
6. The King’s Book
7. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 117
8. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. 97
9. Scott, Sir Walter, The Court and Character of King James, p. 3
10. Anstruther, Godfrey, Vaux of Harrowden, p. 274
11. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 151
12. Brown, Sylvia (ed.), Women, Gender, and Radical Religion in Early Modern Europe, p. 244
13. Bengtsen, Fiona, Sir William Waad, p. 46
14. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 117
15. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
16. Ibid.
17. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 119
18. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
19. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 118
20. Ibid.
21. See Monteagle’s letter to Catesby in Chapter 12.
22. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 54. In his footnote, Father Edwards writes, ‘In the translator’s view, Catesby’s role was that of an agent provocateur, second-in-command to Thomas Percy’
23. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpo
wder Plot, p. 48
24. Ibid., p. 79
25. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 154
26. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, History of England from the Accession of James I to the Disgrace of Chief-Justice Coke, p. 243
27. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
28. See note 7 to Chapter 13
29. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 125
30. See Appendix 2 of Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative. The expert analyst was Joan Cambridge, and her findings were originally published in the Observer in 1967
Chapter 20
1. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. 97
2. The King’s Book
3. Ibid.
4. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 119
5. After Guy’s arrest and initial questioning, Sir William Waad of the Tower of London reported incredulously to Sir Robert Cecil that the prisoner ‘hath taken such rest this night as a man void of all troubles of mind’. (Letter dated 7 November 1605, Cecil papers collection, Hatfield House)
6. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 121
7. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
8. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 120
9. Ibid., pp. 119-20
10. Ibid., p. 120
11. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
12. Ibid.
13. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. 106
14. State Papers, SP14/216/100, Examination of Guy Fawkes 16 November
15. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 93
16. Nicholls, Mark, Investigating Gunpowder Plot, p. 163
17. The Earl of Northumberland, by some unfairly suspected of being the leader of the plot, narrowly escaped with his life and was instead given a lengthy prison sentence
18. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 127
19. State Papers, SP14/216/100, Examination of Guy Fawkes 16 November
20. The King’s Book
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. State Papers, SP14/216/100, Examination of Guy Fawkes 16 November
24. 1 Corinthians 13
25. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, What Gunpowder Plot Was, p. 135
26. Ibid., p. 136
27. It is generally accepted that these items were found upon Guy, although in his confession of 16 November Guy said he had thrown them out of a window, a difficult act to achieve with hands bound
28. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, pp. 127-8
Chapter 21
1. The King’s Book
2. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 127
3. Merritt, J.F., The Social World of Early Modern Westminster, p. 127
4. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 94
5. Craig, Sir John, The Mint, p. 129
6. State Papers, SP14/216/18, Interrogatories of James I for John Johnson, 6 November 1605
7. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 95
8. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 129
9. Barlow, Frank, Thomas Becket, p. 250
10. James, Anne, Poets, Players and Preachers, p. 45
11. An almost identical letter was also sent by Cecil to Sir Thomas Edmondes, the ambassador in Brussels, presumably so both men could ascertain whether the plot had any connection with Spain or with English exiles in Belgium
12. Jardine, David, A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, p. 103
13. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 128
14. John 19:11
15. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 129
16. Cormack, Margaret, Sacrificing the Self: Perspectives in Martyrdom and Religion, p. 27
17. Sir William Waad, pronounced ‘Wade’, was Lieutenant of the Tower of London. A renowned sadist, he insisted on being present every time a prisoner was tortured there
18. ‘House of Commons Journal Volume 1: 05 November 1605’, in Journal of the House of Commons: Volume 1, 1547-1629
19. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Nicholls, Mark, Investigating Gunpowder Plot, p. 11
25. Davis, John Paul, Pity for the Guy, p. 187
26. Durst, Paul, Intended Treason: What Really Happened in the Gunpowder Plot, p. 126
27. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
28. Ibid.
29. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, What Gunpowder Plot Was, p. 17
30. State Papers, SP14/216/6, Examination of John Johnson, 5 November 1605
31. Ibid.
32. Ibid.
33. Popham to Cecil, November 5, State Papers, SP14/216/10
Chapter 22
1. Gascoigne, Margaret and Monger, George, Discovering English Customs and Traditions, p. 10
2. State Papers, SP14/216/18, Interrogatories of James I for John Johnson, 6 November 1605
3. Ibid.
4. State Papers, SP14/216/19, Examination of John Johnson in Response to Interrogatories, 6 November 1605
5. State Papers, SP14/216/18, Interrogatories of James I for John Johnson, 6 November 1605
6. State Papers, SP14/216/19, Examination of John Johnson in Response to Interrogatories, 6 November 1605
7. State Papers, SP14/216/18, Interrogatories of James I for John Johnson, 6 November 1605
8. State Papers, SP14/216/19, Examination of John Johnson in Response to Interrogatories, 6 November 1605
9. Ibid.
10. Gardiner, Samuel Rawson, What Gunpowder Plot Was, p. 26
11. See chapter ten for the account of the torture and confession of Agnes Sampson
12. Clause 29 of Magna Carta states ‘nor will we proceed with force against him, or send others to do so’
13. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 199
14. Ibid., p. 129
15. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. xcviii
16. Mannix, Daniel P., The History of Torture, p. 104
17. State Papers, SP14/216/48, Waad to Salisbury, 8 November 1605
18. Now a private residence in Dunchurch, Warwickshire known as ‘Guy Fawkes House’
19. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 97
20. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 130
21. State Papers, SP14/216/136, Examination of Ambrose Rookwood, 2 December 1605
22. State Papers, SP14/216/22, Confession of Robert Wintour
23. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 131
24. Humphreys, John, Studies in Worcestershire History, p. 34
25. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
26. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 101
27. Ibid., p. 130
28. State Papers, SP14/216/22, Confession of Robert Wintour
29. Ibid.
30. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 132
31. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 101
32. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 132
33. State Papers, SP14/216/22, Confession of Robert Wintour
34. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 133
35. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
36. Ibid.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid.
39. Ibid.
40. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 135
41. Ibid.
42. State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
43. State Papers, SP14/216/135, Examination of Everard Digby
44. Jardine, David, A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, pp. 120-1
45. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 137
Chapter 23
1. Jardine, David, A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, p. 135
2. State Papers, SP14/216/54, Deposition of Guido Fawkes, 9 November 1605
3. Ibid.
4. Morris, John (ed.), The Condition of Catholics under James I, p. ccxxv
5. The King’s Book
6. Letter dated 10 November 1605, Earl of Salisbury to Sir Thomas Edmondes, Cecil papers collection, Hatfield House
7. State Papers, SP14/216/54, Deposition of Guido Fawkes, 9 November 1605
8. See State Papers, SP14/216/114, Confession of Thomas Wintour
9. Edwards, Father Francis, The Enigma of the Gunpowder Plot, 1605: The Third Solution, p. 222
10. State Papers, SP14/216/145, Examination of Thomas Bates, 4 December 1605
11. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 153
12. Ibid, p. 234
13. State Papers, SP14/216/63, Voluntary Declaration of Francis Tresham
14. State Papers, SP14/216/211, Deathbed Declaration of Francis Tresham
15. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 233
16. Public Record office, E. 124, vol. 3, ff. 63v-5r
17. State Papers, SP14/216/54, Deposition of Guido Fawkes, 9 November 1605
18. Anstruther, Godfrey, Vaux of Harrowden, p. 331
19. Bengtsen, Fiona, Sir William Waad, p. 65
20. Jardine, David, A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, p. 124
21. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 232
22. Ibid., p. 239-40
23. John Wintour had played no part in the planning or development of the plot, but his partaking in the Midlands uprising was enough to see him placed on trial with his half-brothers Thomas and Robert. He too would be executed as a traitor
24. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 111
25. A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason, Volume II, p. 164
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 171
28. Edwards, Father Francis (ed.), The Narrative, p. 205
29. A Complete Collection of State Trials and Proceedings for High Treason, Volume II, p. 184
30. Ibid., p. 194
31. Aubrey, John, Brief Lives, p. 101
32. Janes, Regina, Losing Our Heads: Beheadings in Literature and Culture, p. 53
Epilogue
1. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 104
2. Fraser, Antonia, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 195
3. Haynes, Alan, The Gunpowder Plot, p. 125
4. Lingard, John, The History of England, Volume IX, p. 58
5. Nicholls, Mark, Investigating Gunpowder Plot, p. 77
6. Lingard, John, The History of England, Volume IX, p. 59
7. Jardine, David, A Narrative of the Gunpowder Plot, p. 163