mustelid 122
mutualism 44–7, 156–8
myna 133
myna, Indian 4
nagana 34
Napa Valley 220
National Geographic Channel 33
National Museum of Natural History 34, 44
natural selection 151–2, 156
nature 205–19
Neanderthal 53, 188–93, 208
Nepal 236
neurotoxin 77
Nevada 146–7
New England 113
New Guinea 59, 91, 106, 137, 248
New Pangea Part II, 7, 27, 107, 114, 169, 246
New World 13, 36, 107, 109, 248
New York 13, 16
New Zealand 7, 16, 38–40, 44, 107–8, 111–13, 119–33, 137–40, 147, 185–8, 223–5, 231
Newfoundland 180
Nigeria 59
Nilo, Don 56
nitrogen 151
Non-native Species Secretariat 193
North Pole 88, 159
North Sea 81
Norway 13, 20–21
nutcracker 44
Oahu 138, 169
oak tree 44, 97, 167, 215, 226
ocean acidification 94, 151
Oceania 110
oceanic climate 167
oceanic islands 36, 113, 125
ocelot 50
oil palm 52
oilseed rape 3, 55
Okomu National Park 59
Old World 135, 236, 248
opossum 134, 137
opossum, Virginia 166
orange 57
orangutan 31, 208
orchid 166
Oregon 148
Oregon-grapes 98
Ormia ochracea 170–71
Oslo 20, 21
Ostrich 42
owl, burrowing 63
owl, snowy 82
owl, tawny 159
Oxford 181, 184
Oxford ragwort 181–4, 209, 229, 239
Oxford University 181
oxygen 206
Pacific islands 39, 106, 109, 123, 165, 188, 224, 249
Pacific Ocean 16, 40, 84, 106, 112, 132, 134, 140, 161, 168, 171, 249
Paine, Robert 110–11
Pakistan 11, 12, 192
palm fruit 57
palm, windmill (Chusan) 95–103
Palmer, Walter 49
Panama Canal 134, 140
Panama City, Florida 133
Panama, Isthmus of 134
Panama, Republic of 58, 69, 133
Pangea 106, 108, 151, 195–6, 209
Paraguay 60
parasitoid wasp 176–8
Paris 138
parrot 121, 123, 130
passerine birds 42, 127, 139
passion fruit and vines 55, 57
pathogen 202
peacock (bird) 156
peanut 187
peccary 38, 56, 58, 134
penguin, Galapagos 161
Pennsylvania State University 192
pepper 57
pepper, chilli 156
pepper, sweet 155
Perth 128
phalarope, red-necked 161
pheasant 3, 42, 48, 125, 241
Philippines 36
photosynthesis 187–8, 206
pig 34, 47, 51, 130, 155, 217, 228, 240, 249
pig, bearded 31
pigeon, town 20, 35, 98, 155
pigeon, wood 98
pigmyweed 3
Pilanesberg National Park 32–3, 51, 53
pine tree 44, 146
pine tree, Monterey 220–26, 234, 240, 246
Pinus 246
Pinus radiata 220–26
placental mammal 42, 137
plankton 91, 161
plant family 43
plant hunter 64
Plantago lanceolata see plantain, ribwort
plantain (cooking banana) 57, 65
plantain, ribwort (long-leaf, or European) 111, 144–9, 174, 179
plastic 212
plate tectonics 105–8
platypus, duck-billed 42, 137
Plectranthus 112
Pleistocene 79, 85, 89, 236
Plesiosaur 43
poison 121–4
Poland 81
Pollard, Ernie 88
pollination 156
pollination by bees 156
Polynesian 169
pond tortoise, European 113
poplar tree 216
poppy 3, 54
porcupine 6, 166
Porphyrio 130
porpoise, vaquita 23
Portugal 172, 186, 224
possum 42, 121–2, 130
possum, brushtail 138
pregnancy tests 108–9
primate 45, 46, 161, 206
Pripyat 214–216
privet, broad-leaved 97
privet, European 99
proboscis monkey 15
pronghorn antelope 236
ptarmigan 85
pterodactyl 128
pug 153
pukeko 131–2, 185
Pyrenees Mountains 79, 226
quail 48, 125
Queen Elizabeth I 13
Queen Elizabeth II 17
Queensland 138
quetzal, resplendent 93
rabbit, European 48, 54, 137, 241
Rabbs’ fringe-limbed tree frog 40
rabies 76
raccoon 19
racoon dog 168, 215–16
radiata pine 223–6, 228
radiation 214
Raffaelli, Dave 110–11
ragwort 246
Rajasthan 12
rapini 155
rare species 220–29
rat 35, 109, 120–25, 130, 137, 168, 241, 248–9
rat, black 124, 128
rat, brown 124, 129, 159
rat, bulldog 128
rat, New World 166
rat, Pacific 39, 108, 124, 130
ray (fish) 23
razorbill 185
reed 54
reindeer 47
relationship between humans and nature 203, 205–19
resurrection biology 238–9
rewilding 51, 236
rhea 42, 125
Rhine 191
rhinoceros 43, 51, 237
rhinoceros, black 38, 236–7
rhinoceros, European 40, 55, 217
rhinoceros, one-horned 236
rhinoceros, Sumatran 52
rhinoceros, white 38
rhinoceros, woolly 78–9, 82
rhododendron 104, 186–7, 190, 247
Rhododendron ponticum 186
Rhododendron x superponticum 186
rice 45, 59, 228
ringlet butterfly 90
Rio de Janeiro 61, 63, 247
rockrose 149–50
Rocky Mountains 44, 220
rodent 3, 57, 74, 122–7, 130, 137, 139, 248
Rodinia 105
Roman 13, 96–7, 104
Rome 237
rosefinch 165
Rosenzweig, Michael 68
Royal Botanic Garden 185
Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB) 23
Russell, James 103–4
Russia 59
Sabah 208, 212
saddleback 130
Saetre, Glenn-Peter 21, 22
Sahara Desert 13, 16, 34, 85, 94
Sainge, Moses 65
salamander 65
salivary amylase 158
salsify 187, 196
San Francisco 220
sand fly 159
Santa Clara River 223
Santa Cruz 164
Santiago, Gilberto 172
São Paolo 61–3
Sardinia 36
Scandinavia 81, 227
Schieffelin, Eugene 13, 17
Schwarz, Dietmar 192
science writers 160
Scotland see United Kingdom
Scottish Highlands 193
sculpin fish 191
sea lion 161, 163, 220
Senecio 180–85, 188, 229
Senecio aethnensis 181
Senecio baxteri 183
Senecio cambrensis 183
Senecio chryanthemifolius 181
Senecio eboracensis 180–84
Senecio squalidis 181–4
Senecio vulgaris 182–4
separation of humans and nature 205–19
serpentine rock 166
sewage 64
Shakespeare, William 13
shark 23, 57
shark, bull 57
sheep 34, 47, 59, 155, 228, 237
sheep, Barbary 241
sheepskin 48
Sherard, William 181
ship rat see rat, black
shrike, red-backed 215
Siberia 134, 192
Sicily 35, 181, 184
Sierra Gorda Biosphere Reserve 68
Sierra Nevada Mountains 91, 142, 147, 174, 221
silage 59
silver wattle 98
silversword 165
silverthorn 97
Simien Mountains 71
Singer, Mike 143–8
sleeping sickness 34
sloth, ground 6, 38, 134, 135, 236
sloth, three-toed 134, 136
small skipper butterfly 90
Smilodon 37, 135–6, 236,
Smithsonian Institution 34, 44
Smyrna 181
snail, giant 122–3
snail, predatory 108
snake, brown tree 108
snowberry 176–7, 192
snowberry fly 192
Snowdonia 186
sorrel 111
South Africa 16, 32, 44, 51, 112, 223, 240
South Georgia 124
South Island 119, 223
Soviet 214, 216
soya 59
Spain 21, 79, 93–4, 172, 186, 224
sparrow 127, 209
sparrow, Bactrian 11, 12, 229
sparrow, English 13
sparrow, house 11–25, 29, 35, 42–3, 67, 98, 171, 184, 191, 241
sparrow, Italian 14, 15, 20–24, 35, 42, 96, 98, 113, 171, 184, 192, 239
sparrow, Spanish 15, 20–22, 24, 42, 98, 184, 191
sparrow, tree 14, 15, 42–3, 54, 114
Spartina 185, 190
Spartina anglica 185
speciation 8, 20–22, 118, 152–3, 161–79, 180–97, 202–3
speciation rates 245–50
species–area relationship 60–62
speckled wood butterfly 90
spider monkey, woolly 61
spider, happy-faced 165
squirrel 19, 44, 241
squirrel monkey 58
squirrel, red 98–9, 114
Sri Lanka 13, 34, 52
starch 158
starfish 110
starling 54, 241
star-thistle 179, 241, 247–8
star-thistle honey 172
star-thistle, sulphur 172–4
star-thistle, yellow 172–4
Stegodon 35, 36
Stein, Anke 68–9
Stephenson, George 182
stilt, black 24, 126
stilt, pied 24, 126
stinging nettle 88–89
stoat 108, 120–25, 129–30
Stone Age 37–8, 96, 228
stork, black 216
stork, white 49
storm-petrel, white-vented 161
sugar-cane 60–61
Sulawesi 36, 217
sulphur 151
Sumatra 4
Sun City 51
sunbird, Fraser’s 66
sunbird, olive-bellied 66
sunbird, superb 66
sunfish, pumpkinseed 101
surra 34
Svalbard 81
Svenning, Jens-Christian 102
Swainson, William 62
swallow, tree 19
swallowtail butterfly 43
swamphen 120, 130
swan 49
swift 214
Switzerland 95–103, 113
sycamore tree 104–5
Syria 12
T. rex 206
Tajikistan 11
takahe 119–33, 185
takahe, North Island 121
takahe, South Island 121
Takahe Valley 119
tamarin monkey, golden-lion 61
tapir 6, 134–5, 249–50
tapir, California 38
Tasmania 3, 91, 224
Tasmanian devil 137
Taylor’s checkerspot butterfly 144–5, 148, 174
Tennessee 101
tens rule 111
Thailand 34
Thomas, Jeremy 88, 149
thylacine 137, 224
Tibet 79, 226
tick 56
Timor 36
tinamou 42, 125
Tiritiri Matangi Island 120–22, 131
titi monkey, Barbara Brown’s 61
toad 109
toad, cane 56, 159
Tokyo 54
tooth enamel 158
tortoise 211
tortoise, giant 106, 162
toucan, keel-billed 93
toxodon 38
Tradescantia 112
transportation of species 6–7, 11–25, 95–114, 201, 211, 245, 247
Trinidad 214
tsetse fly 34
tuatara 121–3, 141
turkey (bird) 47, 125, 241
Turkey (country) 181
turkey, brush 138
Turkmenistan 11
turnip 155
UK see United Kingdom
Ukraine 214–16
ungulate, even-toed 250
United Kingdom 3, 6, 8, 16, 48–51, 54, 67, 69, 78–81, 86, 92, 97, 104, 112–13, 124, 138, 149–50, 159, 182–7, 193, 196, 246–7
United Kingdom Biological Records Centre 86,
United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity 103, 231
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization 45, 187
United States Forest Service 223
United States National Park Service 194
United States of America 8, 16, 17, 49, 51, 69, 85, 98, 112–13, 172, 187, 194, 196, 221
Universidade de Coimbra 172
University of Arizona 68
University of Cambridge 60
University of Dschang 65
University of Dundee 123
University of Göttingen 65, 68
University of Minnesota 170
University of Montana 172
University of Notre Dame 175
University of York 68, 111, 180
unnatural history 206
Upton Warren 78
Uruguay 223
USA see United States of America
Utetes canaliculatus 176–7
Uzbekistan 11
Vale of York 3, 54–5, 82–3, 88–9
van Dyck, Hans 67
Varāhamihira 13
Venice 20, 35
Vermont 6
Victoria, Australia 224
Victorian 48, 88
Vicuña 166
violet 196
Virginia 98
vitamin D 208
volcanic islands 106
vole, field 3
vole, water 3
vulture 34
vulture, bearded 70
wader 64
wagtail 54, 64
Wales, North 183
Wales see United Kingdom
wallaby 138
Wallace, Alfred Russel 151, 205, 209
Wandering Willie 112
warbler, golden-crowned 93
Washington DC 34–5
Washington State 148, 187
wattle tree 139
weasel 121–22
Webster, Samuel 88
Welsh groundsel 183
West Coast, USA 221
whale 43, 48
whale, grey 53
whale, killer 210
wheat 3, 12, 44–5, 55, 59, 187, 212, 228
white man’s footprints see plantain, ribwort
white-eye 132, 248
widespread species 220–29
Wilde, Oscar 205, 209
Williamson, Mark 111
Wilson, Owen 63
Wilson, Rob 93
wisent see bison, European
wolf 49, 152–5, 191, 216, 240
wolf, dire 38
wolf, Ethiopian 71–7, 93–4
wolf, red 191
wolf, Tasmanian see thylacine
wolverine 49
wombat 137
wombat, giant 224
Wood Age 228
woodpecker 227
woodpecker, green 113
Worcestershire 78
Xenopus 109
yeast, brewer’s 44, 229
yellowhammer 67, 113
Yellowstone National Park 51
York 3, 81, 89, 180–83
Yorkshire 55, 80–84, 86–9, 95, 147, 180
Yorkshire terrier 152–3
yorkwort 180–84, 239
Yosemite Valley 40
Ythan River 110
Yucatán 41
zander fish 99–101
Zanzibar 16
zebra 63
Zuk, Marlene 170
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