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faith and, 66–69, 79, 199, 321, 409
health and happiness and, 326, 329, 333, 334, 335
life-cycle pattern in, 73
pluralism in, 66
privatized vs. institutionalized, 73–74, 77–78, 79
see also churches
religious conservatives, 148, 153, 161–62, 180
religious groups, 49, 59, 62, 64, 71–72, 86, 93, 96, 118, 149, 178, 194, 278, 279, 280, 322, 346
see also churches
renters, 94, 185, 204
repression, 338
Republican Party, 37, 185
reputations, sustaining of, 136, 147
Resnick, Paul, 178, 410–11
restaurants, 96, 97, 101–2, 102, 211, 392
retail, 322, 376
see also stores
retired people, 104, 107–8, 111, 112, 130, 131–32, 133, 198, 209, 213, 229, 249, 256, 331
Revere, Paul, 24
Rheingold, Howard, 171–72
Riis, Jacob, 373, 378
Riverside Church, 66
road building, 208
road rage, 143, 144, 231, 233, 234
Roadside Theater Company, 412
Roanoke, Va., 15
robber barons, 374
Robert, Henry Martyn, 383
Robertson, Pat, 161
Robert’s Rules of Order (Robert), 383
Robinson, John, 61, 190, 191, 222, 223, 241–42, 424
Rochester, N.Y., 325, 397
Rochester (N.Y.) Democrat and Chronicle, 397
Roebuck, 376
Rogerson, Richard, 190
Ronsvalle, John, 126
Ronsvalle, Sylvia, 126
Roof, Wade Clark, 73–74, 77
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 270, 394
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 271, 394
Roosevelt, Theodore, 376, 392
Roper polls, 59, 91, 96, 98, 101, 126, 164, 224, 238, 251, 272, 340, 342, 420
Rosenblum, Nancy, 341
Roseto, Pa., 329
Rotary Clubs, 20, 51, 55, 117, 156, 160, 389
rotating credit associations, 320
Rousseau, Jean-Jacques, 404
Roxbury, Mass., 377
Runyan, Desmond K., 299
rural free delivery, 376
rural poverty, 17, 174
rural residents, 54, 161, 174, 205, 208, 215, 368
Russell, Cheryl, 259
Russia, 325
“Saguaro Seminar: Civic Engagement in America,” 403–4
St. Paul, Minn., 347
Salem, Mass., 352
Salvation Army, 391, 409
Sampson, Robert J., 307, 312, 313–14
San Francisco, Calif., 371
Sanitary Commission, 267–68
San Jose Chamber of Commerce, 324
satellite dishes, 216, 236
see also television
SAT scores, 300
Saving Private Ryan, 276
Scandinavians, 281, 294, 371
Schattschneider, E. E., 340
Schlicht, Ekkehart, 19
Schlozman, Kay, 35
schmoozer, 93–95, 96–97
schmoozing, see informal social connections
Schneider, Barbara, 264
school board meetings, 35, 40, 42, 43, 43
school fraternities and sororities, 59, 67, 383
school lunches, 270
schools, 316, 324, 352, 362, 404–6
Catholic, 302–4
charter, 363
class size in, 299, 301, 304, 405
community and parental involvement in, 19, 28, 43, 55–57, 67, 278, 279, 296, 299–306, 300, 315, 336, 339, 341, 346, 358, 363, 367
dropping out of, 296, 297, 300, 302, 305, 310, 311
extension, 391
financial support of, 256, 299, 301
graduation from, 305–6, 312
mobility and, 205
nursery, 396
private, 300, 302–4
public, 289–90, 299, 300, 304, 395
reciprocity and trust in, 296, 302–5
secondary, 392
violence in, 289, 301–2, 318
see also education
school vouchers, 305
schoolyard shootings, 289, 302, 318
Schudson, Michael, 337, 352, 354
Scotland, 236
scrap drives, 268, 269, 270
Scripps-Howard, 223
Sears, 376
Second Great Awakening, 409
secret ballot, 398
sectarianism, 22, 355
secularization, 69, 77
security guards, 145, 145, 146
Seeger, Pete, 402
segregation, racial and class, 17, 57, 208–10, 214, 280, 352, 353, 354, 355, 356, 361–62, 375–76, 396
Seinfeld, 96, 245
self-help, 27, 68, 149, 150–51, 170, 180, 341, 383, 399
Seligman, Martin, 261, 264–65, 335
Senate, U.S., 35, 398
Seneca, Ill., 271
service clubs, 20, 49, 54, 59, 62, 67, 117, 202, 278, 339, 389, 405, 407
see also civic associations
service economy, 82, 187
settlement houses, 393–94, 401, 406, 410
sewing machine, 368
sex, see gender
sex education, 43
sexism, 350
see also gender; women; women’s movement
sexual mores, 34, 162, 187
sexual orientation, 17, 173, 258
see also gay and lesbian movement; homosexuality
Shakur, Sanyika, 315
Shaler, Nathan, 376
Shame of the Cities (Steffens), 378
shipyard workers, 392, 412–13
shopping, 196, 211, 212, 237, 397
Shreveport, La., 283
Shriners, 94, 367, 399
Siebel, Julie, 270
Sierra Club, 155, 156, 157, 160, 343
Silent Messages: Implicit Communication of Emotions and Attitudes (Mehrabian), 175
Silicon Valley, Calif., 324–25
Simmel, Georg, 282, 380
Simpson, David, 412
Simpson, O. J., 244
Sinclair, Upton, 378, 394
single mothers, 195
Skerry, Peter, 344
skiing, 190
Skocpol, Theda, 267, 344, 384, 397
Skogan, Wesley, 317
slavery, 19, 294, 361–62
abolition of, 376
sleep, 107, 192, 237, 240, 263, 332
Slovakian immigrants, 390
slum clearance policies, 281
slum housing, 373–74, 378, 393
small groups, 27, 148–52, 180
civic goals of, 151–52
Smith, Christian, 162
Smith, David Horton, 49
Smith, Marc, 173
Smith, Tom, 58
snowboarding, 109
soap operas, 243
soccer, 109, 110, 111
social capital:
bridging vs. bonding, 22–24, 78, 178, 179, 210, 214, 243, 322, 357–58, 362–63, 410, 413
character traits fostered by, 288–89
coinages of, 19–20, 395
dark side of, 350–63
“doing for” vs., 116–17
false debates and, 413–14
malevolent uses of, 21–22
measures of, 23–24, 25–26, 415–24
place-based vs. function-based, 184
tensions internal to, 360–63
workings of, 288–90, 298–99
social change, measuring of, 415–24
DDB Needham Life Style survey vs. GSS survey and, 422–24, 423
education and, 418–19
organizational records and, 415–16, 417
regression analyses for, 419
social surveys and, 416–18, 419–20, 422–24
see also generational change; social movements; surveys
social class, see class
social Darwinism, 378
Social Gospel mov
ement, 391, 409
social movements, 27, 148, 152–66, 180
fundraising and, 154
members and constituents of, 156–62
in 1960s, 152, 154–55, 162, 164, 165
organizational structures and, 153–56, 159–60
participation in, 154–66
social networks and, 152–54
social networks:
child development and, 296, 298–99, 302
data available on, 23–24
density and strength of, 21, 22–23, 33, 66, 87–88, 90, 107–8, 119, 136, 177, 179, 226, 274, 292, 301–2, 314, 319–20, 363
rules and norms in, 20–21, 117, 288, 290, 302, 312, 314, 316, 322, 327, 329, 341, 348–49, 358
social services, 371, 373, 378
churches and, 67–69, 77–78, 79, 391–92, 395, 396
gangs and, 315–16
see also welfare state
softball, 109, 111, 112
software designers, 410
songs, protest, 153
sound bites, 164
South Africa, 236, 325
South Carolina, 292
South Dakota, 292, 310
Southern U.S.:
crime in, 309–10
economy in, 82, 211
political culture in, 346
race relations in, 18, 32–33, 57, 361, 375, 390
religiosity in, 75
settlement patterns in, 292–94
Soviet Union, 16
Spaur, Charles B., 370
speech, freedom of, 352
speeches, 43, 44, 66, 78, 93, 229, 237, 290, 338
speed limits, violation of, 143
Spielberg, Steven, 276
Sporting Goods Manufacturers Association, 109
sports, 59, 67, 109–14, 190, 237, 249, 261, 278, 329, 345, 346, 362, 404, 405, 411, 423
spectators of, 96–97, 113–14, 114, 115, 377–78
see also specific sports
sprawl, see suburbs, suburbanization
Stack, Carol, 316–17
Standard Oil, 369, 378
Stand in the Gap rally, 164
Stark, Rodney, 77
states:
health care in, 328–29
social capital and civic engagement in, 290–94, 291, 293, 296–98, 298, 308–10, 309, 328–29, 328, 359, 360, 362
see alsospecific states
statistical analysis:
limitations of, 311
see also surveys
steam boiler, 368
steel production, 368
Steffens, Lincoln, 373, 374, 378
Stevenson, David, 264
stock-car racing, 113
Stonewall Inn uprising, 152
stop signs, observance of, 143, 143
stores, 187, 282–83, 313, 376
Strangelove, Michael, 171
strangers:
interactions among, 135, 136, 142–44, 183, 288, 308, 403
solidarity among, 268
streetcars, 208, 377
stress, 327
strokes, 326, 331
Strong, Josiah, 374
student movement, 148, 153, 156, 165
substance abuse, see drugs, illegal
suburbs, suburbanization, 27, 108, 144, 161, 185, 187, 204–15, 208, 247, 283, 284, 317, 367, 377, 407–8
atomized isolation in, 210–15
crime in, 318
gated, 210
home and workplace segregation in, 208, 214
homogeneity of, 208–10, 214
mall culture in, 211
race and class segregation in, 208–9, 214
suffrage movement, 17, 149, 153, 372, 375, 390, 396, 398
suicide, 261–65, 262, 296, 326, 331
Suicide (Durkheim), 326
Sullivan, Louis, 373
Sullivan, Mark, 369
Summers, Mark Wahlgren, 370, 393–94
Sumner, William Graham, 267
Sunday school movement, 409
Supreme Court, U.S., 375
surveillance, 325
surveys:
ambiguity in, 137–38
limitations of, 416–17, 420–22
and measuring of social change, 416–18, 419–20, 422–24
overreporting in, 71
refusals in, 142
wording of, 58, 416
see also specific surveys
survival of the fittest, 378
Swain, Carroll, 15
swimming, 110, 112, 190
Switzerland, 31
Swope, Gerard, 394
synagogues, see churches
Taft, Robert, 394
talk radio, 31, 173
talk shows, 243
Tarbell, Ida, 378, 396
Tarkington, Booth, 379
Tarrow, Sidney, 165
taxes and tax evasion, 137, 138, 211, 256, 271, 281, 288, 324, 347–48, 348, 367, 398
Taylor, Michael, 134–35
teachers:
gay and lesbian, 352
parents working with, 302–5
salaries of, 299
teachers’ unions, 80
Teach for America, 118
teamsters, 392
technology, 142, 146, 216–46, 324–25, 337
generational change and, 34, 169–70, 268
information, 88, 90
rapid change in, 166, 187, 217, 217, 221–23, 222, 223, 367–69, 376–77, 381, 403
see also Internet; telecommunica- tions; telephone; television
teenagers, see children; young people
teen parents and pregnancy, 296, 297–98, 310
telecommunications, 166–80, 216, 410–11
heterogeneity and, 172, 178–79
physical space and, 168, 170, 171, 172, 174, 177, 178, 179–80, 376–77
video and audio enhancement of, 177
see also Internet; telephone
telegraph, 368, 369, 376
telemarketing, 154
telephone, 34, 92, 95, 142, 144, 166–69, 167, 170, 171, 175, 179, 231, 329, 368, 369, 377
television, 27, 36, 41, 62, 63, 93, 101, 113, 162, 164, 169, 179, 185, 187, 188, 190, 192, 193, 196, 247, 257, 283–84, 392, 423
channels and programming available on, 216, 229, 237, 243–46, 244, 410
channel surfing and, 226, 226
companionship and, 217, 223–28, 242, 243–46
as entertainment, 221–35, 231, 232, 233, 243–46
individualizing and privatizing effects of, 216–17, 223–24, 229–35, 230, 231, 232, 233, 242, 245, 246, 266, 272
introduction and diffusion of, 217, 221–23, 222, 223, 235–36, 367
as news source, 219–21, 227, 229–30, 243–44, 246, 247–48, 254, 341
physiological and psychological effects of, 237, 238–42, 241, 244–46
selective vs. habitual viewers of, 224–28, 225, 235, 246, 257
and sets per household, 223, 224, 273
shared experiences on, 243–45
viewing hours and, 221–35, 222, 227, 228, 230, 231, 232, 233, 237–38, 243, 246, 302, 303
temperance movement, 52, 68, 375, 389–90, 395
temples, see churches
tennis, 112
term limits, 163
Tewksbury, Mass., 16
theater, 190
therapy, 150–51
Thoreau, Henry David, 24, 350, 357
Three Mile Island nuclear accident, 153
Tieford, Jon, 374
Tilly, Charles, 255
Time for Life (Godbey), 424
time pressures, see busyness
Title IX, 110
Tocqueville, Alexis de, 24, 48, 54, 65, 83, 118, 122, 135, 218, 292–94, 337, 338, 343, 345, 368
Today in Funeral Service, 170
tolerance, 17, 137, 158, 172, 258, 351–58, 353, 354, 355, 356, 362
Tönnies, Ferdinand, 380
Toole, Jeremy, 86
town councils, see public meetings
towns, 108, 119, 185, 205, 206, 208, 214, 216, 247, 352, 368, 398, 4
05
Progressive Era and, 378–80, 381
social trust in, 138, 143, 317
toxic waste, 160
trade unions, see unions
tragedy of the commons, 288
transaction costs, 135, 145, 288
transcendental meditation, 74
transportation, 107, 208, 327, 368, 374, 376
see also commuting
Transportation Department, U.S., 212
transportation industry, 82
Transue, John, 136
treadmills, 109
Treasury Department, U.S., 269
Truly Disadvantaged, The (Wilson), 312–13
trust, trustworthiness, 19, 22, 25, 26, 27, 134–47, 170, 176, 183, 205, 218, 251–54, 291, 341, 349, 362
bases of, 136–39, 147, 339
child development and, 296, 300–301, 302
crime and, 308, 310, 313–14, 315–17, 318
economic advantages of, 135, 288, 319–25
generational change in, 140–42, 140, 141, 251–54, 256, 258–59, 260–61, 265, 266, 402
of government, 33, 47, 137, 142, 261, 268–69, 340–41, 347–49
gullibility vs., 135–36
perceptions of, 139–42, 139, 140, 141
thick vs. thin, 136–37, 142, 143, 144, 147
see also honesty; reciprocity
Tupelo, Miss., 323–24
Turoff, Murray, 171
Twain, Mark, 207
Tweed, William Marcy (Boss Tweed), 374
twelve-step groups, 149, 150
Tyler, Elizabeth, 86
UCLA (University of California at Los Angeles), 259–60
unemployment, 193, 213, 313, 320, 370
see also employment
Unification Church, 74
unions, 27, 49, 52–53, 59, 80, 95, 374–75, 392–93, 396–97, 406, 407
memberships in, 80–82, 81, 183, 251, 259, 267, 271, 329
see also work-related organizations
United Mine Workers, 401
United States:
colonial, 24, 65, 184
economy in, 25, 81
Founders and, 336, 337, 342
migration in, 292–94
nineteenth-century, 95–96, 117, 367;
see also Gilded Age
Northern, see Northern U.S.
other countries compared with, 31, 48, 61, 65, 69, 117, 174, 183, 234, 236–37, 239–40, 262, 281, 287, 327
population of, 49, 53, 55, 109, 113, 118, 271, 370–72
Southern, see Southern U.S.
United Way, 117, 367
donations to, 124, 125, 126, 127, 268
universities, see colleges and universities
urbanization, 96, 108, 145, 207–8, 368, 370–72, 378–81, 396, 407–8, 409
see also cities; suburbs, suburbanization
Urban League, 391
U.S. Steel, 369
Utah, 292
Uzzi, Brian, 321
vacationing, 101, 273
vandalism, 307
Vassar College, 15
venture capitalists, 324
Verba, Sidney, 35, 40, 191, 214–15
Vermont, 186, 247, 292, 297
veterans, 15
Veterans Administration, 158