The Road to Middle-Earth: How J. R. R. Tolkien Created a New Mythology
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Durin, 87, 125, 131
Dvergatal, see Poetic Edda
Dwarf’s Hill, 40, 70
dwarves, as concept, 69–72, 100, 166–7, 266, 390; as word-form, 63–5, 76; names of, 80, 109–10, 131; songs of, 84, 131, 261; relationship to Bilbo, 88–91, 96–7; et passim
‘dwimmer-crafty’, 147
‘dwimmerlaik’, 394
‘dwindle’, 151, 176
Dyrafjord, 291
eagles, 77, 84, 91, 184, 198, 226, 280
Eärendel The (boat), 342, 343
éarendel (Old English word), 339
Eärendil (character), 219–20, 221, 223, 254, 277–81, 284, 287, 303, 339
Early Middle English, 44
Early South English Legendary, The, 270–1, 327, 394
‘Earthly Paradise’, 271
Easterlings, 18, 20, 268
Ecclesiastical History of the English People (Bede), 375
Das Eckenlied (Middle High German poem), 26
Ector, 202
Edain, 268
Edda(s), see Prose Edda, Poetic Edda
Eddison, E. R., 146
Eden, 268
Edward the Confessor, 206
Ekwall, E., 117, 123
Elbereth, 128–9, 214, 230
Elder Edda, see Poetic Edda
Eldo (Old Age), 341, 342
Elendil, 256, 337, 343
Elessar ‘the Elfstone’, 127, 128
Elfland, 67, 72, 208, 324, 344, 345
‘Elf-Latin’, see Quenya
Eliduc (Breton lay), 293
Eliot, T. S., 384, 385, 387
Ellu/Elwë/Olwë, 332
Elrond, 110, 122, 128, 131, 134, 136, 137, 151, 156, 160, 176, 188, 192, 239, 244, 260, 418–19, 422
Elu (Thingol), see also Elwë (Singollo), 272, 283, 332
Elvenking, The, 96, 97, 109; see also Thranduil
‘Elverhøj’ (Danish ballad), 68
elves, elvish, 79, 84, 100, 108, 110, 122, 159, 192, 199, 214, 249, 265, 276, 313, 332, 350, 359; as concept, 54, 56–7, 61–9, 71–4, 314, 350; as word, 147, 149; estrangement from humanity, 249–50, 268–72, 319–21; fate of, 151–2, 176–7; poetry of, 217–21
‘Elves of the Light’, 282–284
elvish languages, see Quenya, Sindarin
Elwë (Singollo), see also Elu, Thingol, 272, 283–4, 331–2
Elwing, 221
Ely, 179
Emma (Jane Austen), 373
‘emnet’, 149
Emyn Muil, 115, 185
England, and Elfland, 345–6; and ‘the Little Kingdom’, 111–12; and the Mark, 139–45, 228; and the Shire, 48, 114–17; and Tom Bombadil, 123–4; landscape of, 36–8, 43, 111–12; mythology of, 345–51
English tradition, hidden continuity of, 40–44, 46–9, 77–80, 205–7, 217; suppression of, 44, 112–14, 182, 196, 276
The English and Scottish Popular Ballads (Child): ‘King Estmere’, 60, 392; ‘King Orfeo’, 392; ‘Lady Isabel’, 67; ‘The Queen of Elfan’s Nourice’, 399; ‘Sweet William’s Ghost’, 238; ‘Tam Lin’, 399; ‘True Thomas’, 67; ‘The Wife of Usher’s Well’, 316–17, See also Child, F. J.
‘English and Welsh’ lecture, 129
English Fairy Tales (Jacobs), 392
English Folk-Songs from the Southern Appalachians (Campbell and Sharp), 393, 399
English River Names (Ekwall), 117, 123
English Studies, 14–15, 26
entrelacement (interlace), 181–90, 184, 187, 188, 190, 196, 212, 287, 290
ents, 74–80, 119, 159, 184, 187–9, 194, 196, 199, 350
Entwash, 114
Eöl, 70, 286, 287, 304
Éomer, 68, 140, 142, 144, 145, 146–7, 186, 189, 199, 239, 241, 393
Eönwë, 280
éored (word), 23
Eorl the Young, 142, 199
Éowyn, 142, 144, 226, 241, 394, 410
Ephel Dúath, 188
Erendis, 277–8
Eriol, 346, 347, 349–50, 371
Ermanaric (and variant forms), 19–20, 28–9
Error, symbolic woods of, 223
Escape from Deathlessness, 269
‘escapism’, 154, 158, 318–19, 325, 345, 362–73, 372
Esgaroth, 109
Essays and Studies, 45
Essays in Criticism, 371
‘ettens’, 66, 350
etymology, 169–70, 259, 288–91
eucatastrophe, 197–9, 226, 227, 344
evangelica praeparatio, 236
evangelium, 58
Evenlode, River, 37
‘Everlasting Battle’, 41, 71
evil, 66, 84, 153, 157, 159–70, 177, 193, 196, 234, 242, 271, 274, 276, 302, 362, 375
Exeter Book (of Old English poetry), 278
existentialism, 92
Exodus (Old English poem), 54, 376, 389, 390
Faërie, 311, 313, 314, 315, 318
The Faerie Queene (Spenser), 182, 216, 315
Fáfnir, 92, 102
Fáfnismál, see Poetic Edda, 102, 105, 302, 390
‘fairy-stories, -tales’, 56, 61, 65, 75, 198, 269, 304, 329–30, 389, 391–2; see also folk-tales
Fall and Redemption of Man, 159, 267, 268, 273, 347
‘fallow’, 387
Fangorn, 114, 122, 143, 150, 180, 184, 187, 194, 368
Fangorn Forest, 186, 397
Fangorn’s song, 36, 205, 221, 230
fantasy, 2, 51, 56–7, 58, 125, 319, 325, 367, 371–2, 374–5
Faramir, 67, 146, 147, 148, 150, 157, 173, 179, 180–1, 188, 226, 239, 241, 242, 246, 362, 410, 419–20, 421
Farthingho, 111, 114
Farthingstone, 117
‘fate’, 151, 172–3, 191–2, 288, 289, 290, 291, 299, 300, 301, 304
Fawler, 37–8, 61, 63, 387
Fëanor, 273, 282–3, 286–7, 293, 295
Felagund, 283, 359
Felix, 113
The Fellowship of the Ring, 36, 38, 42, 68, 107, 114, 123, 124, 129, 134, 178, 183, 258, 263, 280, 357
Fen of Serech, 285
Fenriswolf, 92, 295
Field of Cormallen, 227, 242, 373
Fili, 91, 95, 109
Finarfin, 282, 332
Findegil, 133
Finduilas, 301
Fingolfin, 282–3
Fingon, 307
Finn, 251
Finnish, 12, 129, 275n
Finrod, 283, 287, 292–3, 294, 295, 296, 332
Fíriel (name), 319–20, 323, 324, 343, 371, 373
First Age, 258, 259, 261, 267
Five Armies, Battle of, 92, 95
Flieger, Verlyn, 309
‘flittermouse’, Fledermaus, 39
Folklore in the English and Scottish Ballads (Wimberly), 317, 392
folk-tales, 105, 346, 391; see also fairy-stories
Fords of Isen, 143
Forodwaith, 348
Forster, E. M., 371
Forweg, 300
Four Quartets (Eliot), 384
‘fox-glove’, 381
France, Marie de, 277, 293, 395; see also Breton lays, Eliduc
Frankenstein (Shelley), 231
‘Fredegarius’, 396
free will, 156, 159, 172–3, 190–1, 303
French, borrowings from, 97, 140, 148, 181, 245, 246; old opposition to English, 44–8, 81–2, 181, 393
Freud, Sigmund, 367, 369
Fróda, 231–7
Fróda/Fróthi, 233–4, 251
Frodo, 415–6, 417, 426; as name, 232–3; compared with Bilbo, 211–12; courage of, 248, 262; depression and ‘infatuation’ of, 185–6, 246, 322; symbolic value of, 231–7; temptation of, 161–6; et passim
Frodos Dreme (poem), 322, 324, 328
Frogmorton, 115
Frótha-frith, 234
Frye, Northrop, 238–9, 245
Furnivall, F. J., 45
Galadriel, 36, 67, 69n, 128, 131, 151, 163, 176, 190–1, 201, 203, 208, 221, 230, 241, 272, 283, 295, 379, 423
Gamgee, Gaffer, 79, 134–5, 136, 236
Gamgee, S
am, 67, 79, 126, 131, 135, 147, 150, 152, 157, 180–1, 183, 184, 185, 198, 209, 215, 245, 248, 260, 261, 262, 306, 319, 353, 369, 371, 373, 383, 419–20, 421, 422
Gandalf, 415–16, 425; as name, 110, 242–5; at the Great Gate, 242–5; describes the Ring, 156–7; misspellings of, 5; mode of speech, 136–8; philosophy of, 177, 187–8, 192–3, 207; revised view of, 263–5; et passim
Ganz, Peter, 27
Gardner, John, 81
Garm, 295
Garth, John, 254
Gaurwaith, 300
Gelert, 295
Genesis, 267–73, 273, 276
Genesis B (Old English poem), 122, 294
Genghiz Khan, 170
Geoffrey of Monmouth, 208
Germania (Tacitus), 223
Germanic Consonant Shift, 60
Germanic languages, 10, 11, 12, 14, 16, 275n, 279, 300
Germanic legends, 336
Germanische Heldensage (Schneider), 20
giants, 23–6, 54, 85, 177
Gibbon, Edward, 19, 20, 21, 148, 396; see also Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire
Gibica, Gifica, 21
Gildor (Inglorion), 119, 127, 130, 332
Gil-galad, 126, 128, 256
Gimli, 115, 131, 137, 146, 157, 174, 183, 221, 237, 241, 248, 249, 261, 373, 412, 414
Girion, 95, 100, 109
Gislaharius, Gislhere, 21
Gísli, see Saga of Gisli Sursson
Gladden Fields, 263, 323
Gladdon, River, 117, 394
‘gladdon-swords’, 323
‘glamour’ (and variant forms), 58–61, 63, 65, 67, 93, 102, 295, 319–24, 330, 374, 385
Glaurung the dragon, 301, 303, 362
Gléowine, 131
The Glittering Plain (Morris), 397
Glóin, 98, 134, 137, 165
Glorund, 362
Glossary of the Dialect of the Huddersfield District(Haigh), 82, 105n
‘gnome’, 35, 65, 333
‘goblins’, 65, 84, 87, 90, 105, 319
Goldberry, 119, 120, 121, 123
Golden Bough, 317
Golden Fleece, 275
Golden Hall, 241
Golden Wood, 147
Golding, William, 370, 371, 374
Gollum, 87, 88, 89, 105, 110, 126, 138, 156, 157, 158, 161, 164, 181, 185, 186, 235, 245–6, 247–8, 311, 360, 397, 421–2
Gondolin, 261, 277, 284–5, 286, 287
Gondor, 114, 131, 139, 146, 147–8, 156, 206, 228, 236, 240–1, 320
good, powers of, 170–7, 179–81
Goodbye to All That (Graves), 383
Good Solder Schweik, 239
Gordon, E. V., 6, 204, 394
Gospel, 58, 223, 231, 238
Gothic, Goths, ‘Gothia’, 12, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 44, 69, 129, 144, 148, 396
Gothic History (Jordanes), 18, 228, 396
Gower, John, 65
‘grace’, 147
Grammaticus, Saxo, 396
Grand Design, 335, 359, 367, 372
Grassmann’s Law, 14
‘The Grave-Mound’, see Grimms’ Fairy Tales
Great Haywood, 346
greed, 100, 101–2
Greek, 5, 11, 25
Green, Martin, 383
Green, Roger Lancelyn, 309
Grendel, 37, 81, 193, 265
Grettir’s saga, 281
Grey Havens, 373
grima, 302n
Grima Wormtongue, 195
Grimm, Jacob, 12, 13–14, 17, 22, 24, 27, 32, 62, 64, 70, 78, 88, 279, 294, 329, 346, 385, 391–2, 394
Grimm, Wilhelm, 22, 32, 34, 70, 329, 346, 391
Grimms’ Fairy Tales, 9, 15, 57, 259, 351; ‘The Brave Little Tailor’, 85; ‘The Grave-Mound’, 86n; ‘The King of the Golden Mountain’, 88; ‘Rapunzel’, 294; ‘Rumpelstiltskin’, 132; ‘Snow-White and Rose-Red’, 70; ‘Snow-White and the Seven Dwarfs’, 70
Grimm’s Law of Consonants, 9, 12, 14, 60
Grindr, 322
Grand, 242
Grundtvig, Nicolai, 392–3
Grundtvig, Svend, 392, 399
The Gryphon, 99
Guenevere, 366
Gundahari, Gundaharius, 21
Gunnar, 354, 355, 356
Gwaihir, 184
Gylfaginning, see Prose Edda
Hadding, King, 244
Hador, 300
Haigh, W. E., 82, 105n. 323
Halbarad, 175
Haldir, 247
‘Halifirien’, 228
Halt Meiðhad (Early Middle English text), 7, 44, 45
Hall, J. R. Clark, 51, 389
Háma, 141, 142, 175
Hamlet, see Shakespeare
Hammerhand, Helm, 362
Hareth, 282
Harfoots, 116
Harley Manuscript (2253), 42
Hastings, 44, 45, 140
‘heathen’, 229, 237
Heaven, 247, 269, 271
Hell, 269, 271
Helm’s Deep, Battle of, 184, 194
Hengest (and Horsa), 116, 346, 347, 349
Henry IV Part II, see Shakespeare
Heorrenda, 346
Hereford, -shire, 47, 48, 60, 83n, 141
Herendil, 337
heroism, embarrassment over, 81–4, 239–41, 306–7; modern images of, 89–97; presentation of, 136–8, 196, 231–7, 290–1
Hervarar saga, see Saga of King Heidrek
Hethinn, 71
‘high mimesis’, 238, 239, 248, 306
Hildebrand, 25
Hildebrandslied (Old High German poem), 29
Hildr, 71
The Hill, 110, 114, 115, 124
Hirt, H., 23
A History of the Art of War in the Middle Ages (Oman), 397
History of the Danes (Saxo Grammaticus), 396
Hitler, Adolf, 171
Hittites, 15
Hjaðningavig, 71, 73
Hjarrandi, 73
Hoarwell, 116
hobbit-names, 232–3
Hobbiton, 110
hobbits, as name, 74–6, 374; conception of, 43, 48, 74–80, 116–17; names of, 232–3; poetry of, 209–17; speech of, 240, 365–6
hobbit-poetry, -songs, 209–10, 221, 239
‘hobbit-talk’, 334, 365
Högni, 71
holbytla, 76, 80
horns, 244
The House of the Wolfings (Morris), 397
Houses of Healing, 241
Howard, Robert E., 146
Hoy, island of, 71
Hrothgar, 193, 251
Huan, 292, 293, 295
Huddersfield Glossary (Haigh), see Glossary
‘human stories’, 56
‘human universale’, 98
Huns, 18, 20, 21, 22, 145
Hunthor, 299
Huorns, 119, 184
Húrin, 282, 284–5, 286, 298, 300, 303, 305, 306
Hygelac, 244
Iarwain Ben-adar, see Bombadil
Icarus, 128
Iceland, 291
Icelandic concepts, 66, 70, 124; literature, 89, 182; see also Old Norse
Icelandic Dictionary (Cleasby and Vigfusson), 110
Idril, 287
The Idylls of the King (Tennyson), 239
ignis fatuus, 186
Ilmarinen, 275
Ilmatar, 275
Ilúvatar, 266, 268, 273, 275
‘imaginative space’, 362
Imram, The Voyage of Bran Son of Febal, 326, 395
‘i-mutation’, 17, 23, 44, 239
I-narrator, 35
Incarnation, 234
Indo-European languages, 15, 23
‘infatuation’, 186
‘Ing’, 349
Ingeld, Ingjaldr, 225, 228, 232, 233–4, 235–6
Ingolondë, 349
The Inheritors (Golding), 375
Inklings, 136n., 160, 169, 224
Inklings (see ‘Abbreviations’), 27
‘inner consistency’, 63, 106, 315, 324
‘inspiration’, 63, 72, 75, 118, 132, 133, 150, 262, 277, 305, 309, 315,
323
An Introduction to Elvish (Allan), 275n
Introduction to the Survey of Place-Names, 38
‘invention’, 28, 55, 56, 65, 75, 118, 132, 133, 277, 278, 293, 305, 346
Ioreth, 236
Irish literature, 41, 325–6, 395, 398
Iron Crown, 260, 292, 295
Iron Hills, 96
‘Irontown’, see Isengard irony, 81, 103, 187, 239–40, 248, 298, 304, 306, 358, 359, 380
Isaacs, Neil D., 29
Isengard, 133, 184, 185, 194
Isildur, 138, 147, 161, 176, 256, 263, 323, 422
‘isomorphic (with reality)’, 115, 121
Ithilien, 150
‘ivory tower’, see ‘escapism’
Jackson, Leonard, 367–70, 410
Jackson, Peter, 409–29 passim
Jacobs, Joseph, 392
James, William, 380
James the First (of England), 206
jealousy, 287, 296, 299
Jeremy, Wilfrid Trewin, 338–9
‘Jethro’, 339
John Inglesant (Shorthouse), 262
Johnson, Judith A., 398
Jones, Sir William, 11, 12, 23
Jordanes, 18, 19, 228, 396 see also Gothic History
Joyce, James, 237
J.R.R. Tolkien: Six Decades of Criticism (Johnson), 398
Judgement Day, 288
Jutes, 116
Kalevala, 33, 275–6, 294, 297, 395
Keats, John, 67, 219, 320
Ker, W. P., 30, 381
Kermode, Frank, 199, 269
Khazad-dûm, 245
Kili, 91, 109
Killer-Glúmr, 92
Kindermärchen, see Grimms’ Fairy Tales
‘King Estmere’, see English and Scottish Popular Ballads
King Lear (pre-Shakespearean character), 41
King Lear, see Shakespeare
‘The King of the Golden Mountain’, see Grimms’ Fairy Tales
‘King Orfeo’, see English and Scottish Popular Ballads
Kingsley, Charles, 245
Kipling, Rudyard, 397
Kitchener, Lord, 93
Klaeber, Friedrich, 389
Kôr, 345
Korrigan, 318
Kortirion, 345
Kottish, 16
Kristin Lavransdatter (Undset), 69n
Krogmann, Willy, 29
Kuhn’s Law, 12
Kullervo, 297
Kveld-Ulfr, 301
‘Lady Isabel’, see English and Scottish Popular Ballads
Lake Mithrim, 277
Lalaith, 299, 302
‘lament of the stones’, 38
Lancashire Fusiliers, 371
Lancelot, 202
langoth, 371
‘language’, 8, 9, 10, 28–9, 32, 33, 45, 121, 133, 275, 331–4, 379, 385–6
The Last of the Mohicans (Cooper), 393
Latin, 5, 11, 12, 23, 48