107. Ibid., p. 43.
108. Ibid.
109. Ibid., p. 44.
110. Ibid.
111. Ibid., p. 45.
112. Ibid., p. 51.
113. Ibid., p. 53.
114. Ibid., p. 63.
115. Ibid.
116. Ibid., p. 66.
117. Ibid.
118. Ibid.
119. Ibid., p. 67.
120. Ibid.
121. Marianne Ahlfeld Heymann, “Erinnerungen an Paul Klee,” in Und trotzdem überlebt (Konstanz: Hartung-Gorre Verlag, 1994), p. 78; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
122. Ibid., p. 80.
123. Ibid., p. 82.
124. Ibid., p. 83.
125. Ibid.
126. Paul Klee, Briefe an die Familie, Vol. 2: 1907–1940 (Cologne: Dumont, 1979), p. 768; July 30, 1911.
127. Ibid., p. 789; March 14, 1916.
128. Ibid., p. 813; May 9, 1916.
129. Ibid., p. 831; November 9, 1916.
130. Ibid., p. 838; December 2, 1916.
131. Ibid., p. 889; December 5, 1917.
132. Ibid., p. 861; April 1, 1917.
133. Ibid., p. 930; August 5, 1918.
134. Ibid., p. 935; August 29, 1918.
135. Ibid., p. 1177; February 15, 1932.
136. Ibid., pp. 1178–79.
137. Ibid., p. 1183; March 15, 1932.
138. Ibid., p.1231; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
139. Spiller, Nature of Nature, p. 125.
140. “Taschenkasender Paul Klee,” in Klee, Briefe an die Familie, Vol. 2: 1907–1940, entry for January 3, 1935, p. 1257; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
141. Ibid., entries for January 20 and 22, 1935, pp. 1258–59; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
142. Ibid., entry for January 9, 1935, p. 1259; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
143. Spiller, Nature of Nature, p. 69.
144. Ibid.
145. Ibid., p. 72.
146. Ibid., p. 79.
147. Ibid.
148. Ibid., p. 101.
149. Ibid., p. 103.
150. Ibid., p. 105.
151. Ibid., p. 107.
152. Ibid.
153. Reproduced ibid., p. 170.
154. Brody, “Paul Klee in the Wizard’s Kitchen,” p. 398.
155. Ibid., p. 400.
156. Ibid., p. 415.
157. Ibid., p. 403.
158. Ibid., p. 412.
159. Ibid., pp. 416–17.
160. Ibid., p. 255.
161. Ibid.
162. Grohmann, Klee, p. 365.
163. Ibid., p. 366.
164. Howard Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus (New York: Rizzoli, 1986), p. 264.
165. Whitford, Bauhaus, p. 130.
166. Ibid.
167. See Isabel Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer and the Blue Four (Bern: Benteli Verlag, 2006), p. 180, for picture.
168. Ibid., p. 7.
169. Ibid., pp. 37–38.
170. Ibid., p. 47.
171. Ibid., p. 46.
172. Klee, Lettres, pp. 67–68; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
173. Interview with Felix Klee in Paul Klee: Aquarelle und Zeichnungen, ed. Dieter Honisch, exh. cat., Museum Folkwang, Essen, August 22—October 12, 1969, p. 15.
174. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 76.
175. Ibid., p. 78.
176. Ibid., p. 77.
177. Klee, Lettres, p. 69.
178. Ibid., p. 71.
179. Ibid., p. 68.
180. John Willet, Art and Politics in the Weimar Period: The New Sobriety, 1917–1933 (New York: Pantheon Books, 1978), p. 49.
181. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 137.
182. Wingler, Bauhaus, p. 93.
183. Ibid.
184. Feininger’s letter cited ibid., p. 96.
185. Ibid., p. 97.
186. Ibid.
187. Felix Klee, Aquarell und Zeichungen, p. 17.
188. Feininger’s letter in Wingler, Bauhaus, p. 97.
189. Grohmann, Klee, p. 200.
190. Ibid.
191. Klee, Lettres, p. 77; September 16, 1925.
192. Ibid., p. 78; September 16, 1925.
193. Ibid., p. 79; October 25, 1925.
194. Ibid., p. 88; January 24, 1926.
195. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 134; April 9, 1926.
196. Klee, Lettres, p. 96; May 8, 1926.
197. Ibid.
198. Wingler, Bauhaus, p. 519.
199. Helen Nonne Schmidt quoted ibid., p. 524.
200. See Eberhard Rotters, Painters of the Bauhaus (New York: Frederick A. Praeger, 1969), pp. 94–206.
201. Klee, Lettres, p. 112; May 11, 1926.
202. Whitford, Bauhaus, p. 215.
203. Ibid.
204. See Wingler, Bauhaus, p. 158, for original article.
205. Grohmann, Klee, p. 58.
206. Ibid.
207. Wingler, Bauhaus, p. 120.
208. Klee, Lettres, p. 104; November 1926.
209. Gerhard Kadow, quoted in Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus, p. 139.
210. Ibid.
211. Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus, pp. 137–38.
212. Gerhard Kadow, “Paul Klee and Dessau in 1929” (translated by Lazlo Hetenyi, from the catalogue of an exhibition of Klee’s late work held in Düsseldorf, November—December 1948), College Art Journal 9, no. 1 (Autumn 1949): 35.
213. Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus, p. 133.
214. Kadow quoted ibid., p. 139.
215. Christof Hertel, quoted in Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus, p. 140.
216. Dearstyne, Inside the Bauhaus, pp. 141–43.
217. This and the following quotes from interview with Hans Fischli by Sabine Altdorfer, “Mich faszinierte der Musiker, Renker, Tráumer,” Berner Zeitung, September 8, 1987.
218. Grohmann, Klee, p. 70.
219. Ibid., p. 74.
220. Ibid., p. 55.
221. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, pp. 202, 199.
222. Klee, Lettres, p. 120; June 28, 1927; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
223. Ibid.; July 2, 1927.
224. Ibid.
225. Ibid., p. 122.
226. Ibid., p. 123; July 6, 1927.
227. Grohmann, Klee, p. 76.
228. Klee, Lettres, p. 137, August 6, 1927.
229. Brief an Lily Klee, from Brief an die Familie, Vol. 2: 1907–1940, p. 1058; August 10, 1927; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
230. Grohmann, Klee, p. 76.
231. Ibid., p. 77.
232. Ibid., p. 159; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
233. Ibid., pp. 162–63.
234. Ibid., p. 186; January 13, 1929.
235. Ibid., p. 268.
236. Ibid., p. 205.
237. Klee, Lettres, p. 189.
238. Ibid., p. 192; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
239. Grohmann, Klee, p. 64.
240. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 265.
241. Grohmann, Klee, p. 78.
242. Klee, Lettres, p. 214; April 3, 1930.
243. Ibid., pp. 223–24; April 18, 1930.
244. Ibid., p. 238; May 22, 1930.
245. Ibid., p. 249; June 1, 1930.
246. Ibid., January 26, 1931.
247. Edward M. M. Warburg, As I Recall (Westport, Conn.: privately published, 1977).
248. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 241.
249. Richardson, “Cache of Klee,” p. 102.
250. Gunter Wolf, “Endure! How Paul Klee’s Illness Influenced His Art,” The Lancet, May 1, 1999.
251. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 382.
252. “Fish of the Heart,” Time, October 21, 1940.
253. Ibid.
254. Ibid.
WASSILY KANDINSKY
1. Berner Kunstmitteilungen 234–236, letter 16, Wassily Kandinsky (Dessau) to Lily Klee (Weimar), December 7, 1925, courtesy of Paul Klee Stiftung, Bern; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
2. Will Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky: Life and Work (New York: Ha
rry N. Abrams, 1958), p. 9.
3. Ibid.
4. John Richardson, “Kandinsky’s Merry Widow,” Vanity Fair, February 1998, p. 130.
5. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 10.
6. Ibid.
7. Ibid., p. 9.
8. Kenneth Lindsay and Peter Vergo, eds., Kandinsky: Complete Writings on Art (Boston: Da Capo Press, 1994), pp. 357–58.
9. Ibid., p. 358.
10. Ibid., p. 365.
11. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 16.
12. Ibid., p. 14.
13. Ibid., p. 29.
14. Lindsay and Vergo, Kandinsky, pp. 371–72.
15. Ibid., p. 343.
16. Ibid., p. 363.
17. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 31.
18. Lindsay and Vergo, Kandinsky, p. 360.
19. Ibid.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid.
22. Ibid., p. 361.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid., p. 366.
25. Ibid., p. 364.
26. Ibid.
27. Ibid., p. 363.
28. Ibid., p. 343.
29. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, pp. 33–34.
30. Ibid., p. 77.
31. Ibid., p. 83.
32. Ibid., pp. 84–85.
33. Ibid., p. 87.
34. Ibid.
35. Ibid.
36. Ibid., p. 88.
37. Lindsay and Vergo, Kandinsky, p. 346.
38. Richardson, “Kandinsky’s Merry Widow,” p. 130.
39. Nina Kandinsky, Kandinsky und Ich (Munich: Knaur Nachf, 1999), p. 192.
40. Tut Schlemmer, ed., The Letters and Diaries of Oskar Schlemmer (Evanston, Ill.: Northwestern University Press, 1990), p. 140; June 23, 1922.
41. Hans Wingler, The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago, ed. Joseph Stein, trans. Wolfgang Jabs and Basil Gilbert (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1969), p. 56.
42. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 175.
43. Wolfgang Venzmer, “Holzel and Kandinsky as Teachers: An Interview with Vincent Weber,” Art Journal 43, no. 1 (Spring 1983): 29.
44. Ibid.
45. Jelena Hahl-Koch, Kandinsky (New York: Rizzoli, 1993), p. 292.
46. Venzmer, “Holzel and Kandinsky as Teachers,” p. 29.
47. Ibid., p. 30.
48. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 178.
49. Lindsay and Vergo, Kandinsky, pp. 486–87.
50. Hahl-Koch, Kandinsky, p. 294.
51. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 188.
52. Jelena Hahl-Koch, ed., Arnold Schoenberg—Wassily Kandinsky: Letters, Pictures, and Documents (London: Faber and Faber, 1984), p. 73.
53. Ibid., p. 21.
54. Ibid.
55. Ibid., pp. 22–24.
56. Ibid., p. 75.
57. Ibid.
58. Ibid.
59. Ibid.
60. Dore Ashton, “No More Than an Accident?” Critical Inquiry 3, no. 2 (Winter 1976): 238.
61. Hahl-Koch, Arnold Schoenberg—Wassily Kandinsky, p. 77.
62. Ibid.
63. Ibid.
64. Ibid., p. 78.
65. Ibid., p. 79.
66. Ibid., p. 82.
67. Ibid.
68. Nina Kandinsky, Kandinsky und Ich, p. 196.
69. Ibid.
70. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 188.
71. Ibid., p. 190.
72. Lindsay and Vergo, Kandinsky, p. 218.
73. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, pp. 187–88.
74. Ibid., p. 188.
75. Isabel Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer and the Blue Four (Bern: Benteli Verlag, 2006), p. 43.
76. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 174.
77. Ibid., p. 175.
78. Ibid., p. 174; October 2, 1924.
79. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 187.
80. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 179.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. Ibid., p. 182.
84. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 101; September 1, 1925.
85. Ibid.
86. Ibid., p. 102.
87. Ibid.
88. Ibid., p. 103.
89. Ibid., p. 119.
90. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 199.
91. Ibid., p. 200.
92. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 140; July 18, 1926.
93. Ibid.
94. Hahl-Koch, Kandinsky, p. 294.
95. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 171.
96. Ibid., p. 200.
97. Ibid., p. 201.
98. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 191.
99. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 154.
100. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 203.
101. Ibid.
102. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 230.
103. Paul Klee, Lettres du Bauhaus, trans. into French by Anne-Sophie Petit-Emptaz (Tours: Farrago, 2004), p. 154.
104. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 202.
105. Alfred H. Barr Jr., Defining Modern Art: Selected Writings of Alfred H. Barr Jr. (New York: Harry N. Abrams, 1986), pp. 57–61.
106. Ibid., pp. 124–25.
107. Alice Goldfarb Marquis, Alfred H. Barr Jr.: Missionary for the Modern (Chicago: Contemporary Books, 1989), p. 50.
108. From the unpublished manuscripts of Hugo Perls, “Why Is Camilla Beautiful?/ Warum 1st Kamilla schon?” in the archive of the Leo Baeck Institute, New York.
109. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 164; May 10, 1929.
110. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 248.
111. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 202.
112. Ibid., p. 195.
113. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 174.
114. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky, p. 86.
115. Giorgio Cortenova, Vasilij Kandinskij (Milan: Edizioni Gabriele Mazzotta, 1993), p. 168.
116. Grohmann, Wassily Kandinsky.
117. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 265; August 23, 1930.
118. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, pp. 199–200.
119. Eckhard Neumann, Bauhaus and Bauhaus People (New York: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1970), p. 161.
120. Ibid., p. 162.
121. Wünsche, Galka E. Scheyer, p. 209.
122. Ibid.
123. Ibid., p. 210.
124. Ibid., p. 214.
125. Ibid., pp. 218–19.
126. Schlemmer, Letters and Diaries, p. 312.
JOSEF ALBERS
1. I. Quoted in Nicholas Fox Weber, The Drawings of Josef Albers (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1983), p. 2.
2. Ibid.
3. Ibid.
4. Ibid.
5. Ibid., p. 3.
6. Philipp Franck, Ein Leben für die Kunst (Berlin: Im Rembrandt Verlag, 1944), p. 30; translation by Brenda Danilowitz.
7. Weber, Drawings of Josef Albers, p. 7.
8. Letter from Josef Albers (JA) to Franz Perdekamp (FP), February 14, 1916; translation by Oliver Pretzel. All letters from Josef Albers to Franz Perdekamp are in a private collection in Germany, with copies at the Josef & Anni Albers Foundation, Bethany, Conn.
9. Letter from JA to FP, March 1, 1916.
10. Ibid.; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
11. Ibid.; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
12. Margit Rowell, “On Albers’ Color,” Art forum 10 (January 1972): 30.
13. Weber, Drawings of Josef Albers, p. 21.
14. Letter from JA to FP, November 19, 1916; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
15. Letter from JA to FP, April 14, 1917; translation by Oliver Pretzel. 16. Ibid.
16. Ibid.
17. Ibid.
18. Letter from JA to FP, April 25, 1917; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
19. Brenda Danilowitz, “Teaching Design: A Short History of Josef Albers,” in Frederick A. Horowitz and Brenda Danilowitz, Josef Albers: To Open Eyes: The Bauhaus, Black Mountain College, and Yale (London and New York: Phaidon Press, 2006), p. 14.
20. Letter from JA to FP, June 20, 1917; translation by Oliver Pretzel.<
br />
21. Ibid.
22. Letter from JA to FP, June 22, 1917;
23. translation by Oliver Pretzel.
24. Letter from JA to FP, March 26, 1918; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
25. Weber, Drawings of Josef Albers, p. 30.
26. Ibid.
27. Letter from JA to FP, November 30, 1919; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
28. Letter from JA to FP, December 11, 1919; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
29. Letter from JA to FP, Easter Sunday 1920; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
30. Letter from JA to FP, July 5, 1920; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
31. Weber, Drawings of Josef Albers, p. 33.
32. This and all following quotations from Marcel Breuer interviewed by Robert Osborn, November 22, 1976, Marcel Breuer Papers, 1920–1986, Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C.
33. Letter from JA to FP, January 10, 1921; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
34. Danilowitz, “Teaching Design,” p. 16.
35. Nicholas Fox Weber, “The Artist as Alchemist,” in Josef Albers: A Retrospective, exh. cat. (New York: The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation and Harry N. Abrams, 1988), p. 21.
36. Ibid., pp. 21–22.
37. Letter from JA to FP, March 22, 1922; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
38. Anni Albers, conversation with Nicholas Fox Weber, undated.
39. Ibid.
40. Danilowitz, “Teaching Design,” p. 21; citing Josef and Anni Albers interview by Martin Duberman, November 11, 1967.
41. Ibid., p. 19.
42. Ibid., p. 21.
43. George Baird, interview with Josef Albers, produced by Jane Nice, 2007; LTMCD 2472, LTM Recordings, 2007 (Track 8).
44. Hans M. Wingler, The Bauhaus: Weimar, Dessau, Berlin, Chicago, ed. Joseph Stein, trans. Wolfgang Jabs and Basil Gilbert (Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press, 1969), p. 293.
45. Danilowitz, “Teaching Design,” p. 22.
46. Letter from JA to FP, October 22, 1924; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
47. Josef Albers, Historicalor Present, Archive of the Josef & Anni Albers Foundation.
48. Ibid.
49. Ibid.
50. Letter from JA to FP, October 22, 1924; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
51. Ibid.
52. Letter from JA to FP, December 5, 1924; translation by Oliver Pretzel.
53. Letter from JA to FP, May 12, 1925;
54. translation by Ingrid Eulmann. 54. George Baird interview with Josef Albers, produced by Jane Nice, 2007; LTMCD 2472, LTM Recordings, 2007 (Track 9).
55. Weber, “The Artist as Alchemist,” p. 23.
56. Ibid., p. 24.
57. Erwin Panofsky, Early Netherlandish Painting: Its Origins and Character (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1953), p. 144.
58. Weber, “The Artist as Alchemist,” p. 24.
59. Ibid.
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