14. An apt phrase coined by Dr. Leonard Shengold, Soul Murder: The Effects of Childhood Abuse and Deprivation (New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1989).
15. State of Illinois Review Board, October 2002 session, p. 32.
16. Effectively, Duvalier's Gestapo.
17. Alan Hall and Michael Leidig, The Natascha Karnpusch Story: The Girl in the Cellar (London: Hodden & Stoughton, 2006).
18. New York Times, January 18, 1993.
19. Mike Echols, I Know My First Name Is Steven (New York: Pinnacle Books, 1999).
20. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Parnell.
21. New Haven Register, August 11, 1991, p. 1.
22. Gene Miller, with Barbara Jane Mackle, Eighty-Three Hours Till Dawn: The Terrifying Chronicle of a Kidnapping (New York: Doubleday, 1871), pp. 323, 387.
23. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_Parnell.
24. Barry Bortnick, Polly Klaas: The Murder of America's Child (New York: Pinnacle Books, 1995).
25. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Allen_Davis, p.l.
26. Jack Olsen, Son: A Psychopath and His Victims (New York: Dell, 1983), p. 31.
27. Ibid., p. 39.
28. Ibid., p. 44.
29. Ibid., p. 464.
30. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Psychiatric Disorders, edition III-R (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1987).
31. For an account of the Chambers case, see Bryna Taubmam, The Preppy Murder Case (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988).
32. Dina Temple-Raston, Death in Texas: A Story of Race, Murder, and a Small Town's Struggle for Redemption (New York: Henry Holt, 2002).
33. Faulkner Fox, "Justice in Jasper," http://www.salon.com/news/ 1999/02/cov-26news.html.
34. Chuck Hustmyre, An Act of Kindness (New York: Berkley Books, 2007).
35. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/notorious_murders/classics/ genore-guillory/6.html.
36. Ibid.
37. Cynthia Stalter-Sasse and Peggy Murphy, The Kirtland Massacre (New York: Donald I. Fine, Inc., 1991), p. 98.
38. Colin Wilson, Rogue Messiahs: Tales of Self-Proclaimed Saviors (Charlottesville, VA: Hampton Roads Publishing, 2000).
3 9. Stalter-Sasse and Murphy, Kirtland Massacre, p. 143.
40. I acknowledge some subjectivity here. I have shared this story with many people, including forensic specialists, psychoanalysts, and those in the general public. Opinion is divided as to which of the two fates were the worse: that Lundgren's wife died from a gunshot to the head, or that she suffer the memory all her remaining days of the horror and degradation she suffered from her husband's action. The pain from a slap or blow lasts but so long; the painful memory Lundgren forced her to acquire that day would live with her forever-like a "hot coal" in her brain. Admittedly, people differ as to their resilience. The most resilient could probably, after a long time, overcome the ill effects of such an experience; the less resilient might be psychologically crushed for many years. Bear in mind that what Alice was made to experience was done to her by her own husband. In the aftermath of the Holocaust, many survivors-who suffered equal or even worse degradations and pains-knew that their camp guards were not family members; they were the enemy, whose sickening and depraved acts were perpetrated by the Other. And to that extent, the evil acts were easier to "discount" psychologically (as being no reflection on anything "wrong" with the victim). It is easier for the victim of torture to retain moral high ground when the torturer is from an alien force; not so easy when the torturer is one's spouse; perhaps most difficult of all, when one is young and the torturer is one's own father or mother. Subsequent chapters provide examples of the latter situation.
41. Stalter-Sasse and Murphy, Kirtland Massacre, p. 197.
42. Ibid., p. 288.
43. Arthur Herzog, The Woodchipper Murder (New York: Henry Holt, 1989).
44. Wensley Clarkson, Deadly Seduction (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1996).
45. M. William Phelps, Sleep in Heavenly Peace: The Worst Crime a Mother Can Commit (New York: Kensington Books, 2006).
46. David Krajicek, Crime Library, http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/ notorious_murders/cla ssi cs/ken_mc elroy/.
47. Harry MacLean, In Broad Daylight: A Murder in Skidmore, Missouri (New York: Harper and Row, 1988).
CHAPTER 7. SERIAL KILLERS AND TORTURERS
1. This point was made at the 1st International Symposium on Serial Killing in San Antonio, Texas, July 2005. Public welfare must sometimes be put ahead of scientific rigor, hence the suppression of the news until the third similar murder took place.
2. As told by M. Cox, The Confessions of Henry Lee Lucas (New York: Pocket/Star Books, 1991).
3. Chemical name: phencyclidine.
4. K. Englade, Cellar of Horrors (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1988).
5. The triad was described by Hellman and Blackman in "Enuresis, FireSetting, and Cruelty to Animals. A Triad Predictive of Adult Crime," American Journal of Psychiatry 122 (1966): 1431-3 S.
6. L. D. Klausner, Son of San (New York: McGraw Hill, 1981).
7. The research in this area is well summarized by S.-H. Rhee and I. D.
Waldman, "Behavior-Genetics of Criminality and Aggression," in The Cambridge Handbook of Violent Behavior & Aggression, ed. D. J. Flannery, A. T. Vazsonyi, and I. D. Waldman (New York: Cambridge University Press, 2007), p. 86.
8. Philip Carlo, The Night Stalker: The Life and Crimes of Richard Ramirez (New York: Kensington Books, 1996).
9. The magisterial study of Murray A. Straus and Richard J. Gelles demonstrated the inverse relationship between socioeconomic status and the risk for physical violence (which was much less common among the well-to-do than in the disadvantaged). Straus and Gelles, Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families (London: Transaction Publishers, 1992).
10. I am indebted for this schema to Dr. Debra Niehoff and her excellent book on the roots of violence: The Biology of Violence (New York: Free Press, 1998).
It. Further details can be found in Ray Biondi and Walt Hecox, The Dracula Killer: The True Story of the California Vampire Killer (New York: Pocket Books, 1992). The infamous Jack the Ripper of London's Whitechapel District in the fall of 1888 killed, mutilated, and eviscerated five prostitutes, without having sex with any. In that way, he is similar to Chase: a serial killer with sex on his mind (in the Ripper's case, targeting prostitutes) but without raping his victims before or after death.
12. Flora Rheta Schreiber, The Shoemaker: The Anatomy of a Psychotic (New York: Signet Books, 1984). Dr. Katherine Ramsland in her account (found online at http://www.trutv.com/library/crime) adopts a more measured view, suggesting that "whether he was actually a serial killer or even psychotic is anyone's guess. Kallinger may have been a psychopath who liked to confuse and manipulate people."
13. Carlo, The Night Stalker.
14. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Ramirez.
15. The full biography is by Paula Doneman, Things a Killer Would Know (Crows Nest, Australia: Allen & Unwin, 2006). Albert DeSalvo, the Boston Strangler, was another example of hypersexuality: he insisted on sex with his wife five times a day, which pushed her well beyond her comfort level. When she began to decline his favors, he embarked on a career of rape-murders of some eleven women in the Boston area (cf. G. Frank, The Boston Strangler (New York: New American Library, 1966).
16. This combination, with the preference for anal sex, is quite common in men with sexual sadism-as noted by Roy Hazelwood of the FBI and true-crime writer Stephen Michaud in their collaboration Dark Dreams: Sexual Violence, Homicide, and the Criminal Mind (New York: St. Martin's Press, 2001).
17. Scott Burnside and Alan Cairns, Deadly Innocence (New York: Time Warner Books, 1995). In this biography, the authors sketch a typical sequence of actions by sexual sadists: (1) spot a passive, naive, vulnerable woman, (2) charm her with attention and gifts, (3) persuade her to indulge in sexual acts beyond her previous experience-such
as bondage, fellatio, anal sex, (4) isolate her from her friends and family so that she is totally dependent upon the man, and (5) make the woman into the object of the man's physical and psychological punishment. Bernardo's power over his wife, Karla, was such that he even got her to videotape him raping her younger sister-as a kind of "wedding gift" (Peter Vronsky, Female Serial Killers [New York: Berkley Books, 2007]).
18. The full story is told in Sondra London, Killer Fiction (Venice, CA: Feral House, 1997). The author had befriended Schaefer, who allowed her to collaborate with him on his short stories of sadistic murder.
19. As described in Dr. Katherine Ramsland's detailed account, "Dennis Nilsen," http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/nilsen/ stranger I.html.
20. Ibid. Even Nilsen's seeming conflation of life and death as two not-soseparate states is not so much a sign of mental illness as carryover of his experience as a child at the time of his grandfather's death-which his mother explained as his "just having gone asleep," cf. Anna Gekoski, Murder by Numbers (London: Andre Deutsch, 1998), p. 187. Gekoski mentions Nilsen's lack of animosity as another manifestation of his "killing for company" (as emphasized in Brian Masters, Killing for Company: The Case of Dennis Nilsen (New York: Stein & Day, 1985), rather than for revenge or hatred. But murder is murder, and the judge who presided at the trial informed the jury that "a mind can be evil without being abnormal" (cited by Ramsland, "Dennis Nilsen")-which was the judge's way of dealing with the confusing testimony of psychiatrists on either side of the case.
21. Cf. Margaret Cheney, Why? The Serial Killer in America: Stunning Revelations from the Mind of Serial Killer Edmund Kemper III and the Violent Society that Produces So Many (Saratoga, CA: R-E Publications, 1992).
22. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed_Kemper.
2 3. Cheney, Why? The Serial Killer in America.
24. According to DSM-III-Revised (1987), criteria for Sadistic Personality, where four or more of the eight descriptors are needed to make the diagnosis. Some persons had only three traits and were considered "subclinical" cases but were not entered into the percentages quoted here as being "sadistic."
2 5. Robert I. Simon, Bad Men Do What Good Men Dream: A Forensic Psychiatrist Illuminates the Darker Side of Human Behavior (Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1996).
26. Quoted in John Glatt, Cries in the Desert: The Shocking True Story of a Sadistic Torturer (New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2002), p. 9.
27. As related by his fiancee-accomplice and almost-fifth wife, Cindy Hendy. Ibid., p. 12.
28. Glatt, Cries in the Desert; records from the investigation in New Mexico following the arrests of Ray and Hendy, 1999.
29. Glatt, Cries in the Desert, p. 159.
30. Ibid., p. 173.
31. From the transcription by Carol Crosley for the New Mexico state police, submitted June 3, 1999.
32. Attachment number 14 in the New Mexico state police dossier.
33. Berdella's biography is told in Tom Jackman and Troy Cole, Rites of Burial (New York: Pinnacle Books, 1992). The saga of Leonard Lake and his accomplice Charles Chitat Ng is recounted in Don Lasseter, Die for Me (New York: Pinnacle Books, 2000). Dennis Rader's story is told in Robert Beattie, Nightmare in Wichita: The Hunt for the BTK Strangler (New York: New American Library, 2005).
34. Others have made a similar point. Hazelwood and Michaud, Dark Dreams, pp. 9-14.
3 S. A full biography is Stephen Michaud, Lethal Shadows: The Chilling TrueCrime Story of a Sadistic Sex Slayer (New York: Onyx, 1994).
36. http://www.psychiatryonline.com/content.aspx?aID=33062.
37. Dr. Katherine Ramsland, "Mike DeBardeleben: Serial Sexual Sadist," http://www. crimelibrary. com/serial_killers/predators/debardeleben/evil_3 .html.
38. Marked rebelliousness in boys is often associated with "childhoodpersistent" antisocial personality, low heart rate, need for novelty and thrill seeking, and a disobedience that does not respond to punishment. As Sheilagh Hodgins, professor of psychology at the Maudsley in London has shown, parents will often unwisely heighten their punishments in a vain attempt to make such sons obey-which only increases their rebelliousness in what ends up a (literally) vicious circle.
39. Ramsland, "Mike DeBardeleben: Serial Sexual Sadist," http://www .truty. com/library/crime/serial_killers/predators/debardeleben/index_ l .html.
40. Stephen Michaud, http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/preda- tors/debardeleben/evil 5html.
41. Roy Hazelwood, http://www.crimelibrary.com/serial_killers/preda- tors/debardeleben/evil 4html.
42. The full comment can be found in Hazelwood and Michaud, Dark Dreams, p. 88.
43. The point about the damaging effects of father absence and its connec tion with antisocial behaviors and "secondary psychopathy" in adolescence is well made in David Lykken, The Antisocial Personalities (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 1995) pp. 197-212.
44. In Harry Harlow's famous experiments in the 1960s with rhesus monkeys, those reared with a "mother" made of cloth fared better than those reared with a monkey-shaped doll made of wire. The latter grew up severely handicapped in relating to other monkeys and in being able to perform sexually. Cf. Harry E Harlow, "Development of Affection in Primates," in Roots of Behavior, edited by Eugene Bliss (New York: Harper, 1962), pp. 157-66.
45. Don Lasseter, Die for Me (New York: Pinnacle Books, 2000).
46. http://www.indopedia.org/Leonard_Lake.html.
47. Lasseter, Die forMe, p. 123.
48. Ibid., p. 217.
49. R. Biondi and W Hecox, All His Father's Sins (Rocklin, CA: Prima Press, 1987).
50. Cf. Ann Rule, Lust Killer (New York: New American Library, 1983).
51. http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/serial-killers/predators/ferry -brudos/7.html.
52. When I had occasion to interview some men on death row in Florida, all of whom denied the murders of which they were convicted, the supervisor told me, "We have 348 men here-and they all say they're innocent. One of them probably is-but we don't know which one."
53. One of the full-length biographies of Sells is by Diane Fanning, Through the Window (New York: St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2003). Another, which is partly autobiographical, is by a woman who befriended Sells and writes under the name Tori Rivers. Rivers, Twelve Jurors, OneJudge, and a Half-Ass Chance (St. Clair, MO: Riverbend Press, 2007).
54. http://www.geocities.com/verbal_plainfield/q-z/sells.html.
55. I believe that much of what falls under the heading of "homophobia" derives from the fear and hatred that heterosexual young men experience if forced into homosexual encounters (usually by stronger heterosexual men). I think this is a more powerful source of homophobia, since being "buggered" is a humiliating experience that can actually happen in a boy's life. The Judeo- Christian injunction against homosexuality and masturbation has more to do, I believe, with the great need for procreation if a small tribe is to survive (a point made by religious scholar Elaine Pagels); hence acts that steer away from procreation become forbidden. But that is a very abstract concern nowadays, compared with the fear a young man might experience at being overpowered and humiliated through forced sodomy.
56. http://www.amfor.net/killers/.
57. To get a better picture of what such a figure means, imagine a sample of a million boys, in which 50 turn out to become serial killers. Suppose also that 12,000 of the million boys had a father with a criminal record and the other 988,000 did not. Next, suppose that 3,000 of those 12,000 boys with a criminal father had been adopted (25 percent). In the larger group of 988,000 there were 17,000 adoptees. Out of the whole million, there were 50 who grew up to be serial killers. They were distributed as follows: of the 3,000 adoptees whose fathers had a criminal record there were six serial killers, and there were 32 in the 9,000 raised by their birth parents (where the father was a criminal). In the large group, suppose 2 of the 17,000 adoptees became serial killers, and 10 more among the 971,000 who had been raised by their birth
parents. The numbers of serial killers is very tiny: 50 out of a million, but 8 of them had been adopteesthat is, 16 percent of the serial killers had been adopted. But altogether there were 20,000 adoptees out of that million (2 percent) and only 8 became serial killers. So the risk of an adopted boy becoming a serial killer is 4 in 10,000. The risk of a nonadopted boy is 4.3 in 100,000. This means that the risk is very small in either group but measurably greater in the adoptees when compared with the nonadoptees. This is why it is worth looking into the adoption issue more closely.
58. Maria Eftimiades, Garden of Graves: The Shocking Story of Long Island's Serial Killer, Joel Rifkin (New York: St. Martin's Press, 1993).
59. John Gilmore, Cold-Blooded: The Saga of Charles Schmid-the Notorious Pied Piper of Tucson (Portland, OR: Feral House, 1996).
60. Cf. Anna Flowers, Blind Fury (New York: Windsor/Pinnacle Books, 1993); http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald_Stano.
61. The story is told by David Lohr on the Crime Library Web site in the chapter called Reckoning, http://www.trutv.com/library/crime/criminal_mind/ sexual-assault/thomas-soria/1 7.html.
62. Jared Diamond, "Vengeance Is Ours," New Yorker, April 21, 2008, pp. 74-87.
63. M. Cox, The Confessions of Henry Lee Lucas (New York: Pocket/Star Books, 1991).
64. Steven Naifeh and Gregory White Smith, A Stranger in the Family: A True Story ofMurder Madness, and Unconditional Love (New York: Dutton, 1995).
65. Carlton Smith, The BTKMurders (New York St. Martin's Paperbacks, 2006).
66. Cf. Gail S. Anderson, Biological Influences on Criminal Behavior (New York: Simon Fraser University Publications, 2007), pp. 53-73. The author in her lucid presentation distinguishes between the inheritance of complex personality traits and the inheritance of simpler traits like eye and hair color, which depend on just a small number of genes and are less modifiable later on by environmental influences.
67. One can get a sense of Rader's dry, matter-of-fact recounting of the murders when speaking in court to the judge, by accessing http://www.ksn .com/news/local/3835926.html.
The Anatomy of Evil Page 45