The Last 100 Days
Page 45
Stevens, Ruth “Ruthie,” 262, 269, 279
Stimson, Henry, 90, 148, 203, 207
Strait of Gibraltar, 40–42, 177
Stroganoff, George, 142
Suckley, Margaret “Daisy,” 9, 18–19, 23, 24, 28, 167, 180
death of FDR and, 279, 286, 287
Delano, Laura, and, 245, 246, 254, 255, 258, 261, 262, 266, 268, 271, 274, 276, 279, 286
friendship with FDR, 254–255
health of FDR and, 10, 43, 195, 232–233, 243–245, 254, 258, 273–275, 278
Roosevelt, Eleanor, and, 255
Rutherfurd and, 256, 260–261
at Warm Springs, 240, 243–245, 254–262, 268, 270, 271, 273–275, 277–279, 286, 287
Switzerland, Bern incident. See Bern incident
Szílard, Leo, 171, 208
Tehran conference, 15, 48, 50
Germany discussions at, 89, 90, 91
Yalta conference and, 88–89
territorial issues
Churchill, Winston, and, 196
Curzon Line, 89, 99, 100, 104, 105, 110, 115
FDR and, 73, 74, 188–189
Soviet Union and, 196
Stalin and, 73, 74, 76
Yalta conference and, 188–189
Tobruk, Egypt, 170–171
tripartite commission, on Poland, 217
tripartite conversations
about postwar settlement, 76
See also Big Three conferences
Truman, Harry, 24, 174, 226, 289, 296
death of FDR and, 283–286
trusteeships, international
UN Trusteeship Council, 39, 298–299
Yalta conference discussions about, 117, 119, 120, 136
Tully, Grace, 18, 19, 181, 182, 237–238, 260
death of FDR and, 279, 286–287
at Warm Springs, 270, 274, 277, 279, 286–287
UN. See United Nations
UN Charter
Congress and, 185
international control of atomic bomb and, 207
as purest expression of FDR’s cause, 298
UN Charter, San Francisco conference on. See San Francisco conference
United Nations (UN)
American public and, 101–102, 183, 190, 223
Britain and, 52–54
Churchill, Winston, and, 101, 103, 109–110, 114, 122
Congress and, 183, 185
contradictions in FDR’s drive for, 298
Declaration of United Nations, 121, 122
economic development and, 109
health of FDR and, 243
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 4, 52, 108, 114, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258
Palestinian problem and, 163, 165
as proposition, 2, 4, 14–15, 19
Security Council, 4, 14, 52, 53, 102, 103, 108, 112, 136
Soviet Union and, 4, 52–55, 100, 108–109, 112, 114, 183, 217, 221–222, 235–237, 246–247, 257–258, 297
speech by FDR, 224
Stalin and, 54, 102–103, 108, 121, 122
State of the Union address on, 300
Trusteeship Council, 39, 298–299
US delegation to Yalta and, 115–116
as vision of FDR, 74
voting and veto rights, 4, 52–55, 100–103, 108, 122
Yalta address and, 190
Yalta conference and, 32, 52–55, 85–86, 100–103, 107–110, 112, 114, 121, 124, 216, 217
United States (US)
aid to Soviet Union from, 75–76
atomic bomb and, 117, 171–173, 205–208
British imperialism and, 51, 59
FDR’s impact on world’s relationship to, 294–297
France and, 79
Jewish community, 147
Jewish immigration to, 143–144
Middle East oil and, 148–149
National Origins Act, 144
Netherlands crisis and, 211–213, 265
Office of War Mobilization and Reconversion, 227
problems between Britain and, 171–173
Saudi Arabia and, 148–149, 159–161
State Department, 149, 150
war on Japan and, 116, 117, 197
See also Anglo-Americans; specific topics
University of Virginia address, 30–31
US. See United States
US army, 2
US delegation, to San Francisco conference, 217
bipartisan makeup of, 202
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly and, 221–222, 236
US delegation, to Yalta conference, 61, 142
in Egypt, 143
Livadia Palace and, 67–72, 74, 126
Poland and, 97, 115
United Nations and, 115–116
See also Yalta conference
US military
buildup, 73, 74, 295
GIs returning to US, 228
Soviet Union allowing US aircrews into Poland, 228–229
US Army competition for manpower, 57
USSR. See Soviet Union
Valletta, Malta, 42, 44, 56
Vandenberg, Arthur, 15–16, 236
San Francisco conference and, 202–203, 222
Vishinski, Andrei, 63
Vorontzov Palace, 68–69
Walker, Frank, 272
Wallace, Henry A., 4, 22, 25–26, 289–90
FDR’s health and, 14, 21, 25–26
secretary of commerce position and, 16, 21, 28, 39–40, 197
war on Japan
bombing in, 117, 118
Soviet Union and, 116–119, 124
Stalin and, 114, 116–117
US and, 116, 117, 197
Yalta conference and, 114, 116–117, 124
Warm Springs, 195, 234, 237–239, 263, 265
April 12th, last day of FDR’s life at, 269–288
barbeque, 262
Bruenn at, 242–243, 254, 259, 268, 274–278, 280, 281, 286
Carver Cottage, 273, 275
chapel, 245
collapse of FDR at, 273–274
death of FDR at, 278–288
Delano, Laura, at, 240, 254, 255, 258, 262, 268, 271, 273, 274, 276, 278, 279, 286–287
Georgia Hall, 240, 242, 269, 274
Georgia Warm Springs Foundation, 240, 269, 270, 274, 281–282
Hassett at, 242, 243, 245, 246, 261, 271, 273, 275–277, 280, 286
health of FDR at, 243–245, 254, 258, 259, 267–268, 271, 273–278
Little White House, 240, 244, 245, 254, 256, 267, 270, 274–275, 279, 286
Morgenthau visit to, 266–268
neighbors, 262
press conference at, 257–258
Roosevelt, Eleanor, at, 286
Rutherfurd at, 256, 260–262, 266, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277, 287
Shoumatoff sketching FDR at, 260, 261–262, 268, 270, 271, 273, 274, 277
Suckley at, 240, 243–245, 254–262, 268, 270, 271, 273–275, 277–279, 286, 287
Tully at, 270, 274, 277, 279, 286–287
Warsaw uprising, 99
Watson, Edwin “Pa,” 169, 177–180, 182, 198
West, Benjamin, 186
Western Front, 2, 58, 78, 82
White House Correspondents’ Dinner, 219
March 1941 speech on democracy and Nazis at, 220
March 1945, 220–221
Wilhelmina, Queen, 211, 212–213
Wilson, Woodrow, 3, 22, 31, 192, 195, 285, 293
Winant, John, 173, 174
Wise, Stephen, 163
Wolff, Karl, 203, 228, 249, 250, 252
world
FDR’s goal of shared values for, 137, 297–298
FDR’s impact on US relationship to, 294–297
FDR’s vision for postwar, 74, 114, 118, 296–300
free movement of capital and free trade, 295
“New Deal for World,” 296–297
reaction to death of FDR, 290–291
World War II, 9, 246
anti-isolationism of FDR, 30–31
>
Ardennes battle, 1–2, 10, 56, 82
Congress and, 12–13, 15–16, 31
Hyde Park memorial, 300
Iwo Jima, 197, 199
Malta and, 45–46
State of the Union address on, 13–15
See also specific topics
Yalta
German occupation of, 66–67, 141
Russian palaces on shore of, 66
Yalta accords, 134, 183, 185
Churchill, Winston, and, 196, 236
Poland and, 263
Soviet Union and, 217, 263
trouble for, 196
Yalta address
American public and, 190
to Congress, 163, 182, 186–192
drafting, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182
health of FDR and, 191
Roosevelt, Anna, and, 178–179, 182
Rosenman and, 13, 167, 175, 176, 178–179, 182, 191
San Francisco conference and, 190
United Nations and, 190
Yalta conference
Atlantic sojourn to, 31–32, 34–43
British delegation, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 61, 68–69
Churchill, Winston, and, 16, 38–39, 42, 47, 48, 50, 70–71, 81, 83, 85, 86, 91–95, 97, 101, 103–107, 109–111, 114, 122–124, 127–132, 134–139, 169–170, 179, 184
Combined Chiefs of Staff and, 82, 111, 129
Crimea journey to, 61–66
Declaration of Liberated Europe and, 75, 136, 183, 196
delegations housed in Russian palaces, 67–69
Eastern Europe and, 88, 135
fifth day (February 8), 114–125
first day (February 4), 72–86
first meeting at Livadia Palace, 80–81
Flynn and, 35–37, 52, 118
Foreign Ministers and, 92, 93, 121
Four Freedoms, Atlantic Charter and, 137, 183
fourth day (February 7), 107–113
France in discussions at, 88, 90, 93, 95
German reparations discussions at, 93–95, 138–139
Germany discussions at, 80–83, 87–95, 93–95, 138–139
issue of USSR seats in General Assembly, 52, 108, 114, 217, 222, 236
Malta preliminary meetings before, 50–52, 55–60
military issues discussed at, 80–84
Molotov and, 36, 63, 81, 83, 107–110, 115, 122, 127, 128, 129, 131
Poland and, 88, 89, 95–100, 103–108, 110–111, 114–115, 121–123, 125–137, 183, 184, 189–191, 202, 217, 263
post-conference communiqué, 139
postwar Germany plans and, 90–95
as premature peace conference, 74
purposes of, 188–189
San Francisco conference and, 121, 217
second day (February 5), 87–95
selling to American public, 182–185
selling to Congress, 182–186
seventh day (February 10), 131–139
sixth day (February 9), 126–131
Soviet delegation, 69, 124–125
Stalin and, 16, 36, 39, 42, 48, 70, 73–86, 90–108, 110, 111, 114, 116–117, 119–125, 127, 129, 131, 134–140, 143, 164, 179, 184, 185
Stettinius and, 22, 50, 52, 54–55, 59, 60, 82, 87–88, 100–102, 107, 108, 111, 112, 115, 127, 131–132, 136
Tehran conference and, 88–89
territorial issues and, 188–189
third day (February 6), 100–106
trusteeships discussed at, 117, 119, 120, 136
United Nations and, 32, 52–55, 85–86, 100–103, 107–110, 112, 114, 121, 124, 216, 217
US delegation, 61, 67–72, 74, 97, 115–116
US Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 75
war on Japan and, 114, 116–117, 124
See also Yalta trip
Yalta trip
arrival home from, 180–181
Bruenn and, 32, 62, 70, 74, 84, 87, 112–113, 125, 177
Eden on, 54–55, 59, 60, 92, 99, 103, 106, 107, 110, 121, 128, 131, 132
Harriman, Averell, and, 52, 69, 70, 83–85, 101, 115
health of FDR on, 31–32, 34, 35, 43, 59–60, 62, 63, 70, 74, 87, 112–113, 125, 142, 167, 175, 177, 181–182, 186, 191–192
Hopkins, Harry, on, 38, 41–42, 52, 59, 60, 70–71, 74, 101, 106, 115, 169
journey home, 167, 176–180
Leahy on, 34, 37, 40, 64, 124, 135, 161, 164, 176, 178, 179
McIntire and, 32, 62, 69, 70, 112–113, 177, 178, 182, 191–192
Roosevelt, Anna, on, 32, 34, 37–38, 40, 42, 59–60, 62–64, 66, 69–71, 74, 75, 83–86, 88, 101, 112–113, 126, 139, 156, 167, 169–170, 177–179
See also Yalta conference
Yusupov Palace, 69
Zeeland, 212
Zionists, 147, 149, 163–165