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by Mary Papenfuss


  6. Ibid., 19.

  CHAPTER 7: DEATH BY THE NUMBERS

  1. Richard J. Gelles and Murray Arnold Straus, Intimate Violence: The Causes and Consequences of Abuse in the American Family (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1989), 51.

  2. Unless otherwise noted, information about the Christopher Foster case was gathered through police statements and records, phone interviews with friends, and several news reports.

  3. The Millionaire and the Murder Mansion, directed by Nick Poyntz, 2009.

  4. Violence Policy Center, “American Roulette: Murder-Suicide in the United States,” 4th ed. (Washington, DC: Violence Policy Center, May 2012), 13.

  5. Violence Policy Center, “American Roulette: Murder-Suicide in the United States,” 3rd ed. (Washington, DC: Violence Policy Center, April 2008), 13.

  6. Violence Policy Center, “American Roulette,” 4th ed., 8.

  7. Ibid., 6.

  8. Ibid., 8.

  9. Ibid.

  10. Violence Policy Center, “American Roulette,” 3rd ed., 8.

  11. Violence Policy Center, “American Roulette,” 4th ed., 8.

  12. Websdale, Neil, Familicidal Hearts: The Emotional Styles of 211 Killers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 259.

  13. Wood, Joanne N., et al., “Local Macroeconomic Trends and Hospital Admissions for Child Abuse, 2000–2009,” Pediatrics 130, no. 2 (Aug. 2012): 358.

  14. Ibid., 360.

  15. US Department of Defense Casualty Status, March 25, 2013, http://www.defense.gov/news/casualty.pdf.

  16. UNICEF, “A League Table of Child Maltreatment Deaths in Rich Nations,” Innocenti Report Card 5 (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Sept. 2003), 4.

  17. Ibid., 7.

  18. Ibid., 2.

  19. Ibid., 11.

  20. Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment 2011” (Washington, DC: Department of Health & Human Services, Administration for Children and Families, Administration on Children, Youth and Families, Children’s Bureau, 2012), 56.

  21. Ibid., 19.

  22. Ibid., 20.

  23. Ibid., 56–57.

  24. Ibid., 59.

  25. Zimmerman, Francie, and James A. Mercy, “A Better Start: Child Maltreatment Prevention as a Public Health Priority,” Zero to Three (May 2010): 5.

  26. Finkelhor, D., et al., “Violence, Abuse, and Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth,” Pediatrics 124, no. 5 (Oct. 2009): 1.

  27. Children’s Bureau, “Child Maltreatment 2011,” 56.

  28. US Government Accountability Office, “Child Maltreatment: Strengthening National Data on Child Fatalities Could Aid in Prevention” (Washington DC: Report to the Chairman, Committee on Ways and Means, House of Representatives, July 2011), cover findings.

  29. Ibid., 16.

  30. Ibid., 2.

  31. Ibid., 21.

  32. Ibid., cover findings.

  33. Ibid., 13.

  34. Ibid., 25.

  35. Ibid., 31.

  36. Ibid., 34–35.

  37. Cooper, Alexia, and Erica L. Smith, “Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980–2008: Annual Rates for 2009 and 2010” (Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Nov. 2011), 20.

  38. Ibid., 21.

  39. Medina, Sheyla P., et al., “Tracking Child Abuse and Neglect: The Role of Multiple Data Sources in Improving Child Safety,” Evidence to Action (Fall 2012): 1.

  CHAPTER 8: TRAIL OF TEARS

  1. Unless otherwise noted, all information about the following crimes was obtained from police and court records and police statements that are available to the public and were reported widely in the news.

  2. “Missing Child’s Body Found in Dumpster,” WREG Memphis, July 3, 2012, http://www.wreg.com/2012/07/03/missing-3-year-old-boy-found/.

  3. “No Parent Should Ever Have to Say a Final Goodbye to a Young Child,” WNCT, July 13, 2012, http://www.wnct.com/story/21013377/no-parent-should-ever-have-to-say-a-final-goodbye-to-a-young-child.

  4. Quotes from experts and researchers here are all from personal interviews with the author.

  5. UNICEF, “Measuring Child Poverty: New League Tables of Child Poverty in the World’s Rich Countries,” Innocenti Report Card 10 (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, 2012), 10.

  6. Ibid., 3.

  7. Burstain, Jane, testimony before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee of Ways and Means, US House of Representatives, June 12, 2011.

  8. Fang, Xiangming, et al., “The Economic Burden of Child Maltreatment in the United States and Implications for Prevention,” Child Abuse and Neglect 36, no. 2 (Feb. 2012): 156.

  9. Zimmerman, Francie, and James A. Mercy, “A Better Start: Child Maltreatment Prevention as a Public Health Priority,” Zero to Three (May 2010): 5.

  CHAPTER 9: CONTROL FREAK

  1. Nibley, Preston, Brigham Young: The Man and His Work (Salt Lake City: Deseret 1937), 119–23.

  2. All information in this chapter was gathered from police and court records available to the public and reported widely in the news, interviews with family and friends, and e-mails written by Susan.

  CHAPTER 11: GONE

  1. All information in this chapter was obtained in interviews with family and friends of Susan Cox Powell, and from police and court records available to the public and widely reported in the news.

  2. “FBI Expert: Why Police Raided Josh Powell’s Home,” Today Show, NBC, August 26, 2011.

  3. Washington State Department of Social and Health Services, Children’s Administration Child Fatality Review, Charles Powell, Braden Powell, April 26–27 and June 8, 2012.

  CHAPTER 12: THIS MODERN LIFE

  1. This narrative of the William Beadle family annihilation is based on accounts in newspaper articles and letters written at the time, a poem, and the last will and testament written by William Beadle in a collection from the Wethersfield Historical Society of Wethersfield, Connecticut, with excerpts quoted in Smart, James R., A Life of William Beadle (self-published senior thesis, Princeton University, 1989) and the book by Mitchell, S. M., A Narrative of the Life of William Beadle, 4th ed. (Greenfield, CT: 1805).

  2. Mitchell, Narrative of the Life of William Beadle, 6.

  3. Smart, Life of William Beadle, 8–9.

  4. Mitchell, Narrative of the Life of William Beadle.

  5. Fitzgerald, N. K., “Towards and American Abraham: Multiple Parricide and the Rejection of Revelation in the Early National Period” (master’s thesis, Brown University, 1971).

  6. “Fresh Advices from Our Correspondent,” London Intelligencer, October 14, 1755.

  7. Cohen, Daniel A., “Homicidal Compulsion and the Conditions of Freedom: The Social and Psychological Origins of Familicide in America’s Early Republic,” Journal of Social History 28, no. 4 (Summer 1995): 725.

  8. Websdale, Neil, Familicidal Hearts: The Emotional Styles of 211 Killers (New York: Oxford University Press, 2010), 26–27.

  9. Ibid., 33.

  10. Ibid., 44.

  11. Ibid., 21.

  12. Ibid., 139.

  13. Ibid., 154.

  14. Ibid., 155.

  15. Ibid., 176.

  16. Ibid., 177.

  17. Ibid., 176–177.

  18. List, J., with Austin Goodrich, Collateral Damage: The John List Story (New York: iUniverse Incorporated, 2006): 45–47.

  19. Ibid., 281.

  CHAPTER 13: MASKED

  1. This account is based on police and court records and transcripts; interviews with investigators, lawyers, and Scott and Laci Peterson’s friends; and several weeks covering Scott Peterson’s murder trial for the New York Daily News.

  2. “Behind Closed Doors,” People, June 2, 2003.

  3. Cleckley, Hervey, The Mask of Sanity: An Attempt to Reinterpret the So-Called Psychopathic Personality (New York: CV Mosby, 1941), 369–370.

  4. McGinness, Joe, Final Vision (New York: Byliner, 2013).

  5. McGinness, Joe, Fatal Vision (New York: Signet Boo
ks, 1984), 104–105.

  6. Ibid., 140–141.

  CHAPTER 14: CLASH

  1. Unless otherwise noted, all information about the murder of Jessica Mokdad is based on police and court records available to the public and an interview with Jessica’s mom, Wendy Wasinski.

  2. “Outraged and Outrageous,” New York Times, October 8, 2010, sec. MB, 1.

  CHAPTER 15: INFIDEL

  1. Hirsi Ali, Ayaan, Infidel (New York: Free Press 2008), xxii.

  2. AHA Foundation, http://theahafoundation.org/about/ (May 8, 2012).

  3. “Muslim Women Face Threat in US,” USA Today, March 5, 2012.

  4. “Culture of Discrimination: A Fact Sheet on ‘Honor’ Killings,” Women’s Human Rights Program, Amnesty International USA.

  5. “Honor Thy Father: The Inside Story of the Young Muslim Woman ‘Honor Killed’ by Her Father Because He Believed She’d Become Too Americanized,” Phoenix New Times, April 1, 2010, 1.

  6. All information about the Shafia murder case is from police and court records and transcripts available to the public.

  7. “Should We Call It Honor Killing?” Montreal Gazette, January 31, 2012.

  CHAPTER 16: WHAT TO DO

  1. Kauppi, Anne, “Filicide, Intra-Familial Child Homicides in Finland 1970–1994,” (PhD diss. in health sciences, University of Eastern Finland, 2012).

  2. European Child Safety Alliance, “Finland,” Child Safety Country Profile (Europe: European Child Safety Alliance of EuroSafe, June 2012).

  3. Gelles, Richard J., The Third Lie (Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast, 2011), introduction.

  4. Gelles, Richard J., The Book of David: How Preserving Families Can Cost Children’s Lives (New York: Basic Books, 1996), ix.

  5. Ibid., 9.

  6. Ibid., 21–22.

  7. Ibid., 171.

  8. “The Coordination & Integration of Fatality Reviews: Findings from the National Invitational Meeting, a Report to the Maternal and Child Health Bureau, Health Resources Services Administration US Department of Health and Human Services,” Michigan Public Health Institute, July 2012.

  9. UNICEF, “A League Table of Child Maltreatment Deaths in Rich Nations,” Innocenti Report Card 5 (Florence, Italy: UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, Sept. 2003), 21–22.

  10. Ibid., 23.

  11. Ibid., 30.

  Arrington, Leonard J. Brigham Young: American Moses. New York: Vintage Books, 2012.

  Barthell, Valerie R., and Kathleen M. Shelton. “Familicide: Risk Factors, Characteristics of the Offender, Characteristics of the Crime of Familicide, and the Prevalence of Suicide following Familicide.” Sociological Perspectives: The Undergraduate Sociological Journal at the University of New Hampshire 14 (Spring 2009). http://www.unh.edu/sociology/media/pdfs-journal2009/1-Barthell-Shelton2009.pdfM (accessed Feb. 15, 2012).

  Buss, David M. The Murderer Next Door: Why the Mind Is Designed to Kill. New York: Penguin Books, 2006.

  Calhoun, John B. “Population Density and Social Pathology.” Scientific American 206 (1962): 139–148.

  Capote, Truman. In Cold Blood: A True Account of a Multiple Murder and Its Consequences. New York: Vintage Books, 1965.

  “Child Deaths Due to Maltreatment.” Hearing before the Subcommittee on Human Resources of the Committee on Ways and Means (H.R.), 112th Cong. 1 (July 2011). Testimony of Theresa M. Covington, M.P.H. Director, National Center for the Review and Prevention of Child Deaths.

  Children’s Bureau. “Child Maltreatment 2011.” Washington DC: Department of Health & Human Services, 2011.

  Child Welfare Information Gateway. Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities: Statistics and Interventions. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Children’s Bureau, 2009.

  ———. Child Abuse and Neglect Fatalities 2010: Statistics and Interventions. Washington, DC: US Department of Health and Human Services Children’s Bureau, 2012.

  Cleckley, Hervey. The Mask of Sanity. St. Louis, IL: CV Mosby, 1976.

  Cohen, Daniel A. “Homicidal Compulsion and the Conditions of Freedom: The Social and Psychological Origins of Familicide in America’s Early Republic.” Journal of Social History 28, no. 4 (Summer 1995): 725–764.

  Cooper, Alexia, and Erica L. Smith. “Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980–2008: Annual Rates for 2009 and 2010.” Washington, DC: Bureau of Justice Statistics, Nov. 2011.

  Crier, Catherine. A Deadly Game: The Untold Story of the Scott Peterson Investigation. New York: Harper, 2005.

  Daly, Martin, Karen A. Wiseman, and Margo Wilson. “Women with Children Sired by Previous Partners Incur Excess Risk of Uxoricide.” Homicide Studies 1 (1997): 61–71.

  Daly, Martin, and Margo Wilson. “An Assessment of Some Proposed Exceptions to the Phenomena of Nepotistic Discrimination against Stepchildren.” Annales Zoologici Fennici 38 (2001): 287–296.

  ———. “Discriminative Parental Solicitude and the Relevance of Evolutionary Models to the Analysis of Motivational Systems.” In The Cognitive Neurosciences, ed. Michael Gazzaniga, 1269–1286. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, 1995.

  ———. “The Evolutionary Psychology of Marriage and Divorce.” In Ties That Bind: Perspectives on Marriage and Cohabitation, ed. Linda J. Waite, Michelle Hindin, Elizabeth Thomson, Christine Bachrach, and Arland Thornton, 91–110. Hawthorne, NY: Aldine de Gruyter.

  ———. “Family Violence: An Evolutionary Psychological Perspective.” Virginia Journal of Social Policy and Law 8 (2001): 77–121.

  ———. Homicide. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 1988.

  ———. “Is the ‘Cinderella Effect’ Controversial? A Case Study of Evolution-Minded Research and Critiques Thereof.” In Foundations of Evolutionary Psychology, ed. Charles Crawford and Dennis Krebs, 383–400. Mahwah, NJ: Erlbaum, 2008.

  ———. “Lethal and Nonlethal Violence against Wives and the Evolutionary Psychology of Male Sexual Proprietariness.” In Violence against Women: International and Cross-Disciplinary Perspectives, ed. Russell P. Dobash and Rebecca E. Dobash, 199–230. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.

  ———. “Male Sexual Proprietariness and Violence against Wives.” Current Directions 5, no. 1 (Feb. 1996): 2–7.

  ———. Sex, Evolution, and Behavior. 2nd ed. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Publishing, 1978.

  ———. “Some Differential Attributes of Lethal Assaults on Small Children by Stepfathers versus Genetic Fathers.” Ethology & Sociobiology 15 (1994): 207–217.

  ———. “Stepparenthood and the Evolved Psychology of Discriminative Parental Solicitude.” In Infanticide and Parental Care, ed. Stefano Parmigiani and Frederick S. Vom Saal, 121–134. Chur, Switzerland: Harwood Academic Publishers, 1994.

  ———. The Truth about Cinderella: A Darwinian View of Parental Love. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1999. First published 1998 by Weidenfeld & Nicolson.

  ———. “Violence against Stepchildren.” Current Directions in Psychological Science 5 (1996): 77–81.

  DeVore, Irven. “Male Dominance and Mating Behavior in Baboons.” In Sex and Behavior, ed. Frank Beach, 266–289. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1965.

  Dobash, R. Emerson, and Russell P. Dobash. Rethinking Violence against Women. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1998.

  Durham, Michael S. Desert between the Mountains: Mormons, Miner, Padres, Mountain Men, and the Opening of the Great Basin, 1772–1869. New York: Henry Holt, 1995.

  European Child Safety Alliance. “Finland.” Child Safety Country Profile. Europe: European Child Safety Alliance of EuroSafe, June 2012.

  Fang, Xiangming, Derek S. Brown, Curtis S. Florence, and James A. Mercy. “The Economic Burden of Child Maltreatment in the United States and Implications for Prevention.” Child Abuse and Neglect 36, no. 2 (Feb. 2012): 156.

  Finkelhor, D., H. Turner, R. Ormrod, and S. L. Hamby. “Violence, Abuse, and Crime Exposure in a National Sample of Children and Youth.” Pediatrics 124, no. 5 (Oct. 2009): 1–14.

  Fischer, Craig, ed. “Critical Iss
ues in Policing Series: Violent Crime and the Economic Crisis: Police Chiefs Face a New Challenge (Part I).” Washington, DC: Police Executive Research Forum, 2009.

  Fitzgerald, N. K. “Towards an American Abraham: Multiple Parricide and the Rejection of Revelation in the Early National Period.” Master’s Thesis, Brown University, 1971.

  Fleeman, Michael. Inside the Laci Peterson Murder. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 2003.

  Fossey, Dian. “Infanticide in Mountain Gorillas with Comparative Notes on Chimpanzees.” In Infanticide, ed. Glenn Hausfater and Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, 217–235. New York: Aldine, 1984.

  Francis, Monte. By Their Father’s Hand: The True Story of the Wesson Family Massacre. New York: Harper, 2007.

  Gelles, Richard J. The Book of David: How Preserving Families Can Cost Children’s Lives. New York: Basic Books, 1996.

  ———. Intimate Violence in Families. 3rd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997.

  ———. The Third Lie: Why Government Programs Don’t Work—And a Blueprint for Change. Walnut Creek, CA: Left Coast, 2011.

  Gelles, Richard J., and Claire Pedrick Cornell, eds. International Perspectives on Family Violence. Lexington, MA: LexingtonBooks, 1983.

  Gelles, Richard J., and Jane B. Lancaster, eds. Child Abuse and Neglect: Biosocial Dimensions. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction, 1987.

  Goodall, Jane. “Life and Death at Gombe: Violence Never Seen before Erupts among Africa’s Chimpanzees in the Continuing Chronicle of Their Behavior by a Pioneer Observer.” National Geographic (May 1979): 592–621.

  Gould, S. J. “Biological Potentiality vs. Biological Determinism.” In Ever Since Darwin: Reflections in Natural History, 251–260. New York: W. W. Norton, 1992.

  Hausfater, Glenn, and Sarah Blaffer Hrdy, eds. Infanticide: Comparative and Evolutionary Perspectives. New Brunswick, NJ: AldineTransaction, 1984.

  Hirsi Ali, Ayaan. Infidel. New York: Free Press, 2007.

  Hrdy, Sarah Blaffer. The Langurs of Abu: Female and Male Strategies of Reproduction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1977.

 

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