The Drillmaster of Valley Forge

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The Drillmaster of Valley Forge Page 36

by Paul Lockhart

FvS relationship with, 238–39, 243–47, 291, 293

  as governor of Virginia, 236–47, 249, 263, 266

  recruitment for Southern Army and, 238, 241–42

  Jockey Hollow, New Jersey, winter encampment at, 213

  Jones, Joseph, 265

  Josef Friedrich Wilhelm, Prince, 24, 26–27, 42

  Josef II, Emperor of Austria, 31

  Junker class, 4–6, 30n

  Karlsruhe, 41–43

  Kay, 17

  King, Rufus, 292

  Kings Ferry, New York, 171, 210–11

  Kip, Hendrick, 232

  Kips Bay, New York, 159

  Knoblauch, Baron, 189

  Knox, Henry, 161, 222, 231, 281, 284, 292, 293

  Knyphausen, Wilhelm von, 149–52, 154, 155

  in British Army march on Morristown, 224–27, 232

  Kunersdorf, battle of, 17

  “Lady Washington’s Guards,” 182

  Lafayette, Marquis de, 21, 35, 36

  Barren Hill and, 121–25

  British march on Morristown and, 225

  British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 147, 148, 149, 150–52, 158, 160, 165

  as general in the Continental Army, 59, 60, 70, 89, 117–18, 120–25, 223, 266–67

  summons for FvS, 268–71

  support for Washington, 70, 72, 74

  Virginia campaign and, 245–49, 251, 256, 260–65, 266–71

  war councils and, 142

  Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 73

  Landais, Pierre, 51

  Langdon, John, 52

  Laurens, Henry

  as president of Continental Congress, 39–40, 45, 60, 63, 68, 74, 76, 79–80

  support for FvS, 72, 75–76, 79–80, 86, 124, 125, 128–29, 139, 170, 171, 174, 175, 183, 184, 186, 198–99, 201

  Laurens, John, support for FvS, 76–79, 81, 82–83, 85, 86, 99, 112, 115, 136, 139, 155, 171, 175–76

  Lawson, Robert, 263–65

  Lee, Arthur, 39, 60

  Lee, Charles, 21

  British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 143, 146–48, 151–52, 154

  capture by British Army, 130, 132

  court-martial of, 154, 165, 169–70, 188–89, 201–3

  criticisms of FvS, 130–33, 188–89

  criticisms of Washington, 57–58, 70, 131–32

  retreat from attack on British Army, 155–65

  vilification of, 130–31

  war councils and, 142, 146–47

  Lee, Francis Lightfoot, 66

  Lee, Henry “Light-Horse Harry”

  British march on Morristown and, 225–26

  Paulus Hook, New Jersey, and, 211–12

  Lee, Richard Henry, 60, 249

  L’Enfant, Pierre Charles

  as FvS staff member, 67, 187, 198, 282

  written regulations for Continental Army and, 187, 198

  Leslie, Alexander, invasion of Virginia, 235–37, 239

  L’Estarjette, Louis de, 45

  Lestwitz Regiment, 10, 13–18

  Leuthen, battle of, 16

  Liegnitz, battle of, 17

  Lieutenant’s Run, Virginia, 255

  Lincoln, Benjamin, 186

  as Secretary of War, 288, 290

  in siege of Charleston, 222–23, 233

  in siege of Yorktown, 269

  Lipscomb, Reuben, 172

  Livingston, Henry Beekman, 95

  Livingston, Robert R., 95

  incorporation plan for Continental Army, 215–21, 233–34

  Livingston, William, 226

  Lord Stirling. see Stirling, William Alexander, Lord

  Louisa Courthouse, Virginia, 263

  Louis XVI, 33, 36, 114, 207, 230, 286

  Lovell, James, 58–60

  Lowell, James, 80, 178

  Lüderitz, Ludolf von, 1–2

  Ludwig Wilhelm of Baden, 41–42, 86n

  Luzerne, Anne-César, Chevalier de la

  FvS as escort for, 210, 222, 231, 285

  portrait of, 202

  Magdeburg, 1–2, 7

  Manchester, Virginia, 256

  Manual Exercise, 99, 109, 112, 129

  Maria Theresa, 8, 9, 12, 13

  Martin, Joseph Plumb, 111, 121, 122–23

  Matson’s Ford, Pennsylvania, 123–24

  Maxwell, William, 141–43

  British retreat from Philadelphia and, 145, 146, 160, 162, 164

  Mayr, Johann von, 16–17

  Mayr Free Battalion, 16–17

  McKean, Thomas, 66

  measles, 194

  Middlebrook, New Jersey, 204–5

  Middletown, New Jersey, 143

  Mifflin, Thomas

  on the Board of War, 58, 133

  criticism of Washington, 58, 70, 74, 80

  model company at Valley Forge, 97–105

  Monmouth Courthouse, battle of, 150–68

  Monroe, James, 85

  Montesquieu, 11–12

  Montpellier, 25–26

  Morgan, Dan, 122, 123–24, 148, 164

  Morris, Gouverneur, 175, 178

  Morris, Robert, 44–46, 63, 274

  Morristown, New Jersey

  British Army march on, 223–27, 232

  Continental Army in (1779–1780), 213–27

  Continental Army inspections of 1779, 213–17, 219–21

  Mount Vernon, 235, 289

  Muhlenberg, John Peter Gabriel, 241–42, 248–49, 251, 252–56

  Mulligan, John, 299–300

  mustermaster general, 218

  Muter, Charles, 240, 242–43, 246

  Napoléon Bonaparte, 3

  Native Americans

  in the Continental Army, 83, 120–24

  languages of, 49

  Nelson, Thomas, Jr., 244, 249, 266, 269

  Neuville, Louise-Pierre de La, 173, 175, 178–79

  New Brunswick, New Jersey, 170–72

  Newburgh, New York, 275, 279, 281

  Newburgh Conspiracy, 278

  New Jersey

  Baylor Massacre, 181–83, 186

  British Army march on Morristown, 213–27

  campaign of 1778, 141–68

  Continental Army encampment at Morristown (1779–1780), 213–27, 232

  Hopewell, 145, 146, 149

  Monmouth Courthouse, 150–68

  Springfield, 224, 225, 227

  New Jersey Brigade, 141–42, 160, 162

  Newport, Rhode Island, 179

  Newport, Virginia, retreat by Tilly, 244–46

  New York City

  battles of 1776 around, 119

  British Army and, 120, 226–27, 283–84

  British retreat from Philadelphia and, 148–68

  Continental Army protects, 274–75

  Fraunces Tavern, 284

  FvS residences in, 289, 295, 299

  as home of U.S. government, 297

  Norman, John, 205

  North, William (Billy), 73

  as FvS staff member, 201–3, 241, 268, 269, 272–73, 275, 278, 280, 283, 293

  illness of, 272–73

  portrait of, 202, 203

  support for FvS, 295–97, 300–301

  North Carolina

  Cornwallis in, 244, 248, 256–57

  Nathanael Greene in, 248–49, 256–57

  Southern Army retreat through, 244

  officer cadets, Prussian Army, 10

  Ogden, Matthias, 159

  “Old Fritz.” see Friedrich II, King of Prussia

  Old Point Comfort, Virginia, 239

  Old Tappan, New Jersey, 181–83

  Oneida nation, 120–24

  Order of Fidelity, 27, 28–29, 30n

  Overkill, New Jersey, 182–83, 186, 212

  Paoli, Pennsylvania, 181

  Paris

  Silas Deane recalled from post in, 60

  FvS in, 32–36, 43–46

  recruitment for Continental Army in, 32–41, 43–46, 59, 69

  Paterson, John, 163

  Paulus Hook, New Jersey, 211–12

  Peale, Charles Wilson, 2
8

  pederasty, 42, 203–4

  Pennsylvania. see Philadelphia; York, Pennsylvania

  Pennsylvania Line, 256

  Peter III, Tsar of Russia, 19

  Peters, Ralph, 176, 187

  Peters, Richard, 68, 128–29, 176–77, 181, 187, 285

  Blue Book and, 205–7

  finances of FvS and, 190, 199, 273, 291

  support for FvS, 201, 267–68, 291

  Peters, Sarah, 176, 273

  Petersburg, Virginia, 240–41, 252–57, 261

  Philadelphia

  battles of 1777 around, 119

  British retreat from, 116, 120–24, 141–68, 182–86

  falls to British, 52, 56–57, 59, 81

  French resident ambassador in, 180

  FvS in, 145–46, 173–79, 186–99, 217–21, 234–35, 273–74, 277–79, 284

  Howe’s assault on, 56–57

  Philip, Henry Leonard, 174

  Phillips, William

  illness of, 261

  James River attack and, 251–57

  in Virginia campaign, 247–48, 250–57

  Pickering, Timothy

  Blue Book and, 205–7

  on the Board of War, 58, 113, 128–29, 191, 205–7, 237–38

  Platen, J. von, 18

  platoons

  formation of, 127–28

  forming column of, 110, 193

  moving fire and, 128

  Pocahontas Bridge, Virginia, 253–55

  Point of Fork, Virginia, 262–68, 275

  Ponthière, Louis de

  as captain in the Continental Army, 67

  as FvS staff member, 48, 61, 65, 98–99, 106

  Poor’s Creek, Virginia, 254–55

  Popham, William, 275, 276

  Portsmouth, New Hampshire, FvS in, 51–52, 73–74

  Portsmouth, Virginia, in Virginia campaign, 235–37, 240–41, 244–48, 250–51, 254, 256

  Potts, Isaac, 76, 142

  Prague, 13–14, 167

  Princeton, New Jersey, 55, 56, 150, 165

  Prussia

  in background of FvS, 2–5

  Junker class, 4–6, 30n

  as major military power, 4, 5

  see also Prussian Army

  Prussian Army

  divisions of, 15–17

  First Silesian War, 8

  under Frederick the Great, 7–8, 10–20, 86–87

  FvS leaves, 20–21, 23–24

  FvS positions in, 9–20, 71, 86–87, 110–11, 130, 191–92, 203

  inspector generals in, 177–81

  military education of FvS in, 9–20

  promotions in, 10–12

  regulations for Continental Army and, 186–96

  Second Silesian War, 9

  Seven Years’ War, 12–20

  shortcomings of, 14

  Spezialklasse der Kriegskunst (Special Class on the Art of War), 19–21

  Queen’s Rangers, 254

  Raynal, Abbé, 51

  Read, Jacob, 285

  Redcoats. see British Army (Redcoats)

  Reed, Joseph, 178

  regiments

  as basic tactical unit, 126

  battalions in, 127

  inspections of, 213–15

  restructuring, 133–34

  size of, 126, 213–15, 220

  Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States (Blue Book)

  development of, 186–96, 200

  as official regulations of U.S. Army, 301

  payment for, 198–99

  permanent army and, 288–89

  printing of, 201, 205–7

  Rhode Island

  Continental Army in, 209–10

  Newport, 179

  Richmond, Virginia, British Army and, 239–41, 243, 251–52, 262

  Rochambeau, Comte de, 223, 232–33, 268, 275–76

  Roderigue Hortalez et Compagnie, 37–38, 43, 48, 50

  Romanet, François Adrien de

  as FvS staff member, 67

  as major in the Continental Army, 67

  Rossbach, battle of, 17, 36

  Rush, Benjamin, 58

  criticism of Washington, 70, 74

  Russia

  FvS captivity in St. Petersburg, 18–19

  FvS father stationed in, 7

  St. Clair, Arthur, 196, 200, 298

  St. Germain, Claude-Louise de, 36–37, 40, 43–44, 230–31

  St. Petersburg, FvS captivity in, 18–19

  Sandy Hook, New Jersey, 148, 150–52, 164

  sanitation measures, 194

  Sansculottes, 85, 175

  Saratoga, battle of, 52, 56, 145, 164

  Saxe, Marshall, 290

  Saxony, 12

  scabies, 119–20

  Scammell, Alexander, 112–13

  Schuyler, Philip, 80

  Scott, Charles, 150, 158, 160, 162

  Second Silesian War, 9

  Senf, John Christian, 238

  Seven Years’ War, 12–21, 36–37, 130

  France in, 16–17

  FvS in, 12–20, 110–11, 191–92

  peace settlement, 19, 20

  Shays, Daniel, 293

  Shay’s Rebellion, 293–94

  Silesia, 12

  First Silesian War, 8

  Second Silesian War, 9

  Simcoe, John Graves, 254, 263, 264, 269

  Simcoe’s Rangers, 255

  smallpox, 120, 194

  Society of the Cincinnati, 281–82, 292

  soldier’s books (livre du soldat), 208–9

  South Carolina

  Camden, 233–34

  Charleston siege of, 222–23, 226–27.233

  Southern Army

  in Charleston, 222–23, 226–27, 233

  recruiting and supply needs, 237–38, 241–42

  retreat through North Carolina, 244

  in Virginia, 237–71

  Spezialklasse der Kriegskunst (Special Class on the Art of War), 19–21

  Springfield, New Jersey, 224, 225, 227

  Staats, Abraham, 204–5

  Stark, John, 225

  Star of Fidelity, 87–88

  Staunton, Virginia, 265–66

  Steuben, Augustin von (paternal grandfather), 2, 5, 6

  Steuben, Charlotte Dorothea von Effern (paternal grandmother), 5

  Steuben, Friedrich von

  Samuel Adams and, 53, 54, 58, 64, 68, 80, 212

  ambitions of, 85–87, 113–14, 116, 136–40, 167–68, 170–72, 177–81, 227

  appearance of, 26–28, 38, 48, 87–88, 95–96, 98, 225, 272

  appreciation for American character, 82–83, 104–5

  in army of Frederick the Great, 19–21, 188

  attitude toward America, 285–87, 294

  birth of, 1–2, 5

  Blue Book (Regulations for the Order and Discipline of the Troops of the United States), 186–96, 198–201, 205–7

  Board of War and, 64, 68, 176, 186–96

  in Boston, 52–55

  British retreat from Philadelphia and, 142, 145–46, 148, 153–57, 161–64, 184–86

  captivity in St. Petersburg, 18–19

  childhood of, 5–6

  commemoration of, 300–301

  communication with George Washington, 63–64, 66, 79–80, 113–14, 215–18, 244, 246, 269–70, 284

  as consultant to Washington, 79–83, 96–98, 132–33, 184–86

  as court chamberlain to prince of Hohenzollern-Hechingen, 24–30

  at the court of the Margrave of Baden, 41–42, 86n

  critics of, 74–75, 129–35, 170–72, 188–89, 203–4, 265–67

  death of, 299–300

  demanding pace set by, 95–96, 112–13, 153–55, 207, 222, 242

  demobilization of Continental Army, 279–81, 283–84

  diplomatic mission to British military commander in Canada, 282–83

  on discipline, 191, 212–21

  education of, 9, 11–12, 51

  English language and, 48, 51, 53, 61, 88, 89, 101

&
nbsp; Enlightenment thought and, 11–12, 76, 77, 231–32

  family background of, 5–7

  field command duties, 170–72, 227

  financial affairs of, 12, 25, 26, 31, 41, 53–54, 55, 176–77, 179, 189–90, 198–99, 201, 218–21, 271–74, 277–79, 291, 294–97, 298

  as Freiherr (Baron), 27, 29–30, 30n

  French Army and, 230–31, 285–87

  French language and, 11, 65–68, 76–77, 84

  friends of, 198–204, 211–12, 291

  Horatio Gates and, 65, 75, 106, 109–10, 171, 178–79

 

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