Lovecraft, H.P. The Colour Out of Space (Jove, 1978).
Luria, Salvador E., and Gould, Stephen Jay, and Singer, Sam. A View of Life (Benjamin/Cummings Publishing, 1981).
Macer-Story, Eugenia. Congratulations: The UFO Reality (Crescent, 1978).
Manuel, Frank. The Changing of the Gods (Brown University Press, 1983).
McClure, Kevin. “Semaphore Without Flags: A Critical Analysis of the UFO Control-System Theory,” Common Ground (August 1981).
Menger, Howard. From Outer Space to You (Saucerian Press, 1959) Reprinted as From Outer Space to You (Pyramid, 1967).
Michell, John. The Flying Saucer Vision (Ace Books 1967; Abacus, 1977).
Moravec, Mark. “UFOs as Psychological and Parapsychological Phenomena” in Evans, Hilary, ed., UFOs: 1947-1987: The 40-YearSearch for an Explanation (Fortean Times, 1987).
O’ Brien, Barbara. Operators and Things: The Inner Life of a Schizophrenic (Signet/NAL, 1976).
Persinger, Michael, and LaFreniere, Gyslaine. SpaceTime Transients and Unusual events (Nelson-Hall, 1977).
Platt, Charles. Dream Makers (Berkley, 1980).
Possony, Stefan T. “Mind-Control and Microwaves,” Second Look (November-December 1979).
Randles, Jenny. The Pennine UFO Mystery (Granada, 1983).
Rogo, D. Scott. Miracles: A Parascientific Inquiry into Wondrous Phenomena (Dial, 1982).
________. This Haunted Universe (Signet/NAL, 1977).
Rogo, D. Scott, ed. UFO Abductions (Signet/NAL, 1980).
Rogo, D. Scott, and Clark, Jerome. Earth’s Secret Inhabitants (Tempo, 1979).
Rogo, D. Scott, and Druffle, Ann Tujunga Canyon Contacts (Prentice-Hall, 1980; Signet/NAL, 1989).
Ruch, Floyd L. and Zimbardo, Philip G. Psychology and Life (Scott, Foresman, 1971).
Russell, Jeffrey Burton. Satan: The Early Christian Tradition (Cornell University Press, 1981).
Salisbury, Frank. “Are UFOs from Outer Space?” in Fuller, Curtis, Proceedings of the First International UFO Congress (Warner, 1980).
Saucer Smear (July 10, 1998).
Sechehaye, Marguerite. Autobiography of a Schizophrenic Girl (Signet/NAL, 1968).
Seriel, Jerome. Le Satellite Sombre (Denoel, 1962).
________. Sub-Espace (Librairie des Champs Elysees, 1975).
Shaver, Richard S. “Teros and Deros,” Caveat Emptor (Summer 1973).
Sheaffer, Robert The UFO Verdict (Prometheus, 1981).
Sheldrake, Rupert. “Morphic Resonance in Silicon Chips,” Skeptical Inquirer (Winter 1989).
Slusser, George E. and Rabkin, Eric S. Aliens—The Anthropology of Science Fiction (Southern Illinois University Press, 1987).
Smith, Yvonne. “Alien Table Procedures,” UFO (1993).
Sprinkle, Leo. “What are the Implications of UFO Experiences?” Journal of UFO Studies (no date).
Stanford, Rex and Ray. Look Up (privately published, 1958).
Steiger, Brad. Alien Meetings (Ace Books, 1978).
________. Gods of Aquarius (Harcourt, Brace, 1976a).
________. Project Blue Book (Ballantine, 1976b).
Stevens, Wendelle C., and Herrmann, William. UFO Contact from the Reticulum (privately published, 1981).
Strieber, Whitley. Communion (William Morrow/Beech Tree Books/Avon, 1987).
Stringfield, Leonard. Situation Red: The UFO Siege (Doubleday/Fawcett Crest, 1977).
Tausk, Viktor. “On the Origin of the Influencing Machine in Schizophrenia,” Psychoanalytic Quarterly (1953).
The Best of Stanley Weinbaum, (Ballantine, 1974).
Thomas, Gordon. Journey Into Madness (Bantam, 1989).
Thorpe, Peter. Why Literature is Bad for You (Nelson-Hall, 1980).
Toronto, Richard S. “Do Brain-Damaged Robots Rule the Earth?” Official UFO (October 1977).
Torrey, E. Fuller. Surviving Schizophrenia: A Family Manual (Harper Colophon, 1983).
Valenstein, Elliot. Brain Control: A Critical Examination of Brain Stimulation and Psychosurgery (John Wiley, 1975).
Vallée, Jacques and Janine. Challenge to Science (Ace Books, 1966).
Vallée, Jacques. Confrontations (Ballantine, 1990).
________. Dimensions (Contemporary, 1988).
________. Messengers of Deception (And/Or Press, 1979).
________. Messengers of Deception: UFO Contacts and Cults (And/Or Press, 1979).
________. Passport to Magonia (Henry Regnery, 1969).
____. The Invisible College: What a Group of Scientists has Discovered about UFO Influences on the Human Race (E.P. Dutton, 1975).
Vonnegut, Kurt. The Sirens of Titan (Delta, 1959).
Wells, H.G. Star-Begotten (Leisure, 1970).
West, Robert H. Milton and the Angels (University of Georgia, 1955).
Williamson, George H. Other Tongues—Other Flesh (Amherst Press, 1953; Neville Spearman, 1969).
________. The Saucers Speak: A Documentary Report of Interstellar communication by Radiotelegraphy (New Age Publishing, 1954; Neville Spearman, 1963).
Williamson, George H. and McCoy, John. UFOs Confidential! (Essene Press, 1958).
Williamson, J.N. “UFOs are Changing the way We Think,” Pursuit (Spring 1980).
Willis, Walt. “Soiree with the Fringe on Top” Warhoon (no date).
Wilson, Colin. Mysteries (Perigee, 1980).
Wilson, Robert Anton. Cosmic Trigger (Pocket Books, 1977).
Writenour, Joan. “Psywar 1” in Best of Saucer Scoop (June 1975)
Missing Time (Marek Publishers, 1981). New York painter and sculptor Budd Hopkins launched his career as an abductee investigator with this book in which he recounts the use of hypnosis to penetrate the abductee’s amnesia barriers put in place by aliens during genetic experiments. Seven abduction cases became the basis for this book. Three of these diverse people, all unrelated and born in 1943, were first abducted in 1950 as seven-year-olds. “It seems to me,” Hopkins observes, “as if these quite similar abductions constitute some kind of systematic research program, with the human species as subject.”
—RANDALL FITZGERALD
“missing time?” This term, popularized by UFO-abductionist Budd Hopkins in his books Missing Time (1981) and Intruders (1987), has become a hallmark of most supposed UFO-alien abductions. As a mythological motif, the idea of “missing time” can be traced back to Celtic fairy lore, as shown by UFOlogist Jacques Vallée in his book Passport to Magonia—From Folklore to Flying Saucers (1969). Whenever the fairies abducted someone, they would cause the victim to forget the details of the event—just as the aliens do, when they supposedly abduct an earthling.
In modern times, the “missing-time” concept played a key role in the famous Barney and Betty Hill abduction case (1961), and has remained a standard theme in UFOabduction lore ever since. But is this really such a rare phenomenon, such as to indicate a probable abduction by alien beings? UFO skeptic, Philip J. Klass, asks rhetorically: “Is there anyone who has not at some time looked at a clock or watch and discovered that it was much later than he or she expected, or driven some distance and arrived at a destination later than originally expected, thus experiencing ‘missing time’?” (Klass, 1988)
As a matter of fact, the so-called “missing time” experienced by most of the UFO abductees is a quite ordinary, common, and universal experience. Jerome Singer (1975) in his Inner World of Daydreaming comments:
Are there ever any truly “blank periods” when we are awake? It certainly seems to be the case that under certain conditions of fatigue or great drowsiness or extreme concentration upon some physical act we may become aware that we cannot account for an interval of time and have no memory of what happened for seconds and sometimes minutes.
Graham Reed (1972) has also dealt with the “timegap” experience at great length. Typically, motorists will report after a long drive that at some point in the journey they wake up to realize they have no awareness of a preceding period of time. With some justification, people still will describe this
as a “gap in time,” a “lost half-hour,” or a “piece out of my life.” Reed writes:
A little reflection will suggest, however, that our experience of time and its passage is determined by events, either external or internal. What the time-gapper is reporting is not that a slice of time has vanished, but that he has failed to register a series of events which would normally have functioned as his time-markers. If he is questioned closely he will admit that his “timegap” experience did not involve his realization at, say, noon that he had somehow “lost” half an hour. Rather, the experience consists of “waking up” at, say, Florence and realizing that he remembers nothing since Bologna…. To understand the experience, however, it is best considered in terms of the absence of events. If the time-gapper had taken that particular day off, and spent the morning sitting in his garden undisturbed, he might have remembered just as little of the half-hour in question. He might still describe it in terms of lost time, but he would not find the experience unusual or disturbing. For he would point out that he could not remember what took place between eleven-thirty and twelve simply because nothing of note occurred.
In fact, there is nothing recounted in any of the three works under discussion that cannot be easily explained in terms of normal, though somewhat unusual, psychological behavior we now term anomalous. Different and unusual? Yes. Paranormal or otherworldly, requiring the presence of extraterrestrials? No. Diehard proponents may find these explanations unsatisfying, but the open-minded reader will find elaboration and illumination in the textbooks and other works in anomalistic psychology.
Strongly recommended are Reed (1972), Marks and Kammann (1980), Corliss (1982), Zusne and Jones (1982), Radner and Radner (1982), Randi (1982), Gardner(1981), Alcock, (1981), Taylor(1980), and Frazier (1981).
If one looks at the psychodynamics underlying the confabulation of Hopkins’s contactees and abductees it is easy to see how even an ordinary, non-fantasy-prone individual can become one of his case histories. How does Hopkins, for instance, locate such individuals in the first place? Typically, it is done through a selection process; i.e., those individuals who are willing to talk about UFOs—the believers—are selected for further questioning. Those who scoff are summarily dismissed. Once selected for study and permission to volunteer for hypnosis is obtained, a response-anticipation process sets in (Kirsch 1985), and the volunteer is now set up to supply answers to anything that might be asked. Then, during the hypnosis sessions, something similar to the Hawthorne Effect occurs: The volunteer says to himself, “This kindly and famous writer and this important and prestigious doctor are interested in poor little old unimportant me!” And the more the volunteer is observed and interrogated, the greater is the volunteer’s motivation to come up with a cracking “good story” that is important and significant and pleasing to these important people. Moreover, as we have long known, it is the perception of reality not the reality itself that is truly significant in determining behavior. If the writer and the doctor-hypnotist are on hand to encourage the volunteer and to suggest to him that his fantasy really happened, who is he to question their interpretation of his experience? Once they tell the abductee how important his fantasy is, he now—if he ever doubted before—begins to believe it himself and to elaborate and embellish it every time it is repeated.
—ROBERT A. BAKER
& RONALD D. STORY
References
Alcock, James E. Parapsychology: Science or Magic? (Pergamon,1981).
Corliss, William R. The Unfathomed Mind—A Handbook of Unusual Mental Phenomena (Sourcebook,1982).
Frazier, Kendrick, ed. Paranormal Borderlands of Science (Prometheus Books, 1981).
Fuller, John G. The Interrupted Journey—Two Lost Hours “Aboard a Flying Saucer” (Dial Press, 1966; Dell Books, 1967).
Gardner, Martin. Science: Good, Bad and Bogus (Prometheus Books, 1981).
Hopkins, Budd. Missing Time (Richard Marek, 1981; Ballatine Books, 1988).
________. Intruders (Random House, 1987; Ballantine Books, 1988).
Kirsch, Irving. “Response Expectancy as a Determinant of Experience and Behavior,” American Psychologist (1985).
Klass, Philip J. UFOAbductions: A Dangerous Game (Prometheus Books, 1988).
Marks, David, and Kammann, Richard. The Psychology of the Psychic (Prometheus Books, 1980).
Radner, Daisie and Michael. Science and Unreason (Wadsworth, 1982).
Randi, James. Flim-Flam! (Prometheus Books,1982).
Reed, Graham. The Psychology of Anomalous Experience (Houghton Mifflin, 1972).
Singer, Jerome. The Inner World of Daydreaming (Harper & Row, 1975).
Taylor, John. Science and the Supernatural: An Investigation of Paranormal Phenomena (Dutton, 1980).
Vallée, Jacques. Passport to Magonia—From Folklore to Flying Saucers (Henry Regnery, 1969; Neville Spearman, 1970).
Wentz, Walter Evans. The Fairy Faith in Celtic Countries, its Psychological Origin and Nature (Oberthur, Rennes, 1909; Oxford University Press, 1911).
Zusne, Leonard, and Jones, Warren H. Anomalistic Psychology: A Study of Extraordinary Phenomena of Behavior and Experience (Erlbaum, 1982).
Monuments of Mars, The (North Atlantic Books, 1987). Science writer Richard Hoagland studied the 1976 Viking photos of Mars, depicting a humanlike face in the Cydonia region, and concluded that extraterrestrial colonists once lived on Mars and created the face, a pyramid, and other huge structures that were left as reminders of their lost civilization. He believes there may be a connection between the Cydonia complex and the Giza plateau in Egypt with its Sphinx and pyramids, which seem to indicate that both ancient Sumer and Egypt took inspiration and guidance from the Martian builders at Cydonia.
—RANDALL FITZGERALD
Moody abduction According to Staff Sergeant Charles L. Moody, a crew chief in the U. S. Air Force, he arrived at his home in Alamogordo, New Mexico, at about midnight on the evening of August 12, 1975, after working the swing shift at Holloman Air Force Base. Not feeling tired, he decided to drive to the outskirts of town to have a quiet smoke and watch for meteors. After parking for a short period of time, he observed a disk-shaped object drop from the sky to an elevation estimated to be less than fifty feet, at a distance of about a hundred yards and moving toward him.
Moody, who was sitting on the hood of his car at the time, panicked and tried to flee, but his car would not start Then it seemed, he felt a numbness over his body and watched the object depart. He tried his car again. It started and he drove home. To his surprise he had lost about one and one half hours’ time. The following day he complained of a sore back and his wife found the small of his back to be inflamed. Also, there was a small puncture wound over his spine.
Sketch of disk-shaped craft (according to Moody’s description)
Within a few days he broke out in a rash which covered his trunk from the midchest to the knees. On reporting to sick call he was sent to William Beaumont Army Hospital for observation. There he was told he had apparently received a dose of radiation. Standard treatment for such a problem (deep enema and laxatives) was administered, and Sergeant Moody was returned to duty. Over the next two months, states Moody, partial memory of the “lost” time gradually returned.
He told of finding himself aboard a strange craft, and of a kind of telepathic communication with aliens who were about four feet eight inches tall, with large, domed, hairless heads; large eyes; a small slitlike mouth; small ears and small nose; five digit hands with no nails. They were dressed in plain coveralls without cuffs or collars. His injuries, said Moody, were the result of a scuffle when he initially resisted their efforts to take him aboard.
An interesting sidelight of the Moody case is the fact that his records at William Beaumont Army Hospital disappeared from the files. Doctors and medics at the hospital remember treating him but cannot provide any clue as to what happened to the records.
Sergeant Moody was shipped to Europe soon after APRO (the Aerial Phenomena Research O
rganization) began investigating his case. A PSE (Psychological Stress Evaluator) test administered (by Charles McQuiston, one of the instrument’s designers) to Moody’s tape-recorded testimony indicated that the alleged abductee had reported his experience truthfully.
—L. J. LORENZEN
Aliens as described by Moody
POSTSCRIPT: What follows is Moody’s own testimony as reported to Jim and Coral Lorenzen of the Aerial Phenomena Research Organization and published in the July 1976 issue of The APRO Bulletin:
“The day of the 12th of August 1975 I had heard about a meteor shower that was to occur the morning of the 13th at 0100 hours. Since I get off work at 2330 hours I thought it might be something to watch that might be interesting so that night when I got off work I was not tired so I went home, changed my clothes and watched TV till about 0030 hours. I then got in my car and drove a short distance from my home to a dirt road on the outskirts of Alamogordo. I parked my car just off the dirt road, got out and sat on my left front fender. I did observe 8 or 9 bright meteors. It was now approximately 0115 hours.
“At approximately 0120 hours I observed a dull metallic object that seemed to just drop out of the sky and started to hover with a wobbling motion approximately 100 feet in front of me and approximately 10 to 15 feet off the ground. My first thought was one of fear (I was very frightened). The object was moving slowly toward my car. I jumped off the fender and got into my car. I tried to start my car but it was like there was no battery at all and now that I think about, it the dome light and courtesy lights did not come on when I opened the door. I cannot understand this. I keep my car in top-notch condition.
“At this time the object stopped dead still as if to just hang there in the air. The wobbling motion had stopped. It was dead still at approximately 70-80 feet away and still approximately 15 to 20 feet off the ground. The approximate size of the object was about 50 feet across and approximately 18 to 20 feet thick at the center, maybe more. At this time I heard a high-pitched sound, something like a dental drill might make at high speed and just to the right of the center of the object I saw what seemed to be an oblong-shaped window. I had not seen this before. It was approximately 4 to 5 feet long and approximately 2 to 3 feet wide.
The Mammoth Encyclopedia of Extraterrestrial Encounters Page 69