Life's Greatest Secret

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Life's Greatest Secret Page 51

by Matthew Cobb


  in RNA but not DNA 42

  see also pyrimidines

  Urey, Harold 286

  USSR

  5th International Congress of Biochemistry, Moscow, 1961 183, 185–8, 190–2

  perceived threats 29, 86

  V

  Varmus, Harold 187–8

  vCJD (variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease) 253–4

  Vendrely, Roger 71–2, 116

  Venter, J. Craig 231–3, 267–8

  virulence of pneumococcal strains 36–7

  viruses

  claimed to be proteins 8, 64

  Epstein-Barr virus 229

  mechanism of replication 66–8

  moratorium on certain experiments 281

  possible relationship to genes 8, 32

  recreating Spanish Flu 280–1

  regulatory genes in response to infection 169

  RNA and DNA use 289

  RNA retroviruses 245–6, 250–2

  SV40 gene transfer 279

  transgenerational resistance 258

  von Neumann’s studies of 31–2

  see also phages; tobacco mosaic

  Vogel, Henry 157

  von Neumann, John

  Caltech cybernetics symposium 80

  change of research emphasis 30–2

  collaboration with Gamow 119

  collaboration with Wiener 27–32

  computer design 29–30, 142

  correspondence with Lederberg 146

  on self-reproducing automata 32, 80, 119, 146

  weapons work 28–9, 86

  von Tschermak, Erich 3

  W

  Waddington, C. H. 17

  Wain-Hobson, Simon 281

  Wallin, Ivan 224

  war work

  as distraction for scientists 20–5

  von Neumann’s weapons work 28–9, 86

  Wiener’s changing enthusiasm for 21–2, 29

  see also atomic bomb

  Waring blenders 68

  Watson, Jim

  attendance at Moscow congress 186–7

  attendance at Naples symposium 97

  banned from further DNA work 100, 105

  book, Molecular Biology of the Gene 140, 251

  book, The Double Helix 105, 108

  discovery of ‘split genes’ 221

  failure to take notes 99–100, 109

  first meeting with Crick 97

  International Human Genome Sequencing Consortium 232–3

  on mRNA 167

  Nobel Prize 207

  ‘photo 51’ and 104–5

  spoof letter on cybernetics 87–8

  Watt, James 76

  Ways of Knowing, by John Pickstone 309

  Weaver, Warren 21, 23, 77, 79f

  Weismann, August 3, 138, 260, 262

  What is life? by Erwin Schrödinger 16–19, 30, 32, 89, 268

  What is life? lecture 11–15

  White, Mike 248

  Wiener, Margaret (née Engemann) 21, 86

  Wiener, Norbert

  ‘Behaviour, purpose and teleology’ paper 23, 149

  coinage of ‘cybernetics’ 74

  collaboration with von Neumann 27–32

  contacts with Haldane 80–1, 84

  Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine 73–8

  early work on anti-aircraft gunnery 21–5

  in France 82, 202–3

  On the Human Use of Human Beings 83, 268

  influence, following publication of Cybernetics 73–84

  relations with Pitts and McCulloch 27, 86

  relations with Shannon 27

  at Royaumont colloquium 202–3

  on social effects of automation 83, 310

  ‘Yellow Peril’ document 24–5, 27, 30

  Wilkins, Maurice

  and the atomic bomb 18, 89

  Furberg’s thesis and 92

  inspiration by Schrödinger’s What is life? 18, 89

  meeting with Francis Crick 89

  Nobel Prize 207

  reaction to double helix model 107–8

  relations with Rosalind Franklin 96, 98–9, 101, 107–8

  reservations about second Nature letter 112

  shows Watson ‘photo 51’ 104–5

  Signer’s DNA samples and 92–3

  Williams, ‘Freddie’ 74

  wobble hypothesis 211–12

  Woese, Carl 200, 203, 238, 292

  Wolfe-Simon, Felisa 276

  Wollman, Élie 155, 158, 160, 162n

  Wolpert, Lewis 85, 298, 300

  women

  featured in this book 310

  gender equality issues 311

  Nobel Prize and 246

  Woods Hole Marine Biology Laboratory 61, 77, 124

  Wrinch, Dorothy 9

  X

  X-rays

  crucial work on DNA 96–106

  early work on DNA 54, 91–4

  inducing mutations with 5–6, 10

  Patterson function 92, 103, 106

  ‘photo 51’ 104–5

  Watson’s interest in 97

  X shape X-ray signature 102, 106

  XNA (xeno-nucleic acids) 274–5, 278, 285

  Y

  Yanofsky, Charles 213

  Yarus, Michael 289, 294

  Yates, Richard 154, 168

  Yčas, Martynas 122, 142–3, 149, 167

  yeasts

  codon bias in 294–5

  fermentation as biotechnology 269

  mRNA in 167

  prion transmission in 254

  ‘Yellow Peril’ document (Extrapolation, interpolation, and of stationary time series…) 24–5, 27, 30

  Yockey, Hubert 142–3

  Young, J(ohn) Z(achary) 82, 146–7

  Z

  Z and P bases 278

  Z form, DNA 273–4

  Zaltzman, Perola 183

  Zamecnik, Paul 134–5, 176–7, 190

  Zamenhof, Steven 132

  Zimmer, Karl 5, 27

  see also Three-Man Paper

 

 

 


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