The Crusader States

by Malcolm Barber

Ferrara (i)

  La Fève (al-Fula), Templar castle (i), (ii)

  Field of Blood, battle (1119) (i), (ii), (iii)

  filioque clause (i)

  Flanders, county (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n145

  Fontevrault, convent (i), (ii)nn54, 62

  Forbelet, castle (i)

  France, French (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi)n22, (xxvii)n61, (xxviii)nn102, 106, (xxix)n145

  crusading (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)n 27, (xvii)n170, (xviii)n51, (xix)–1nn145, 163

  Frederick, bishop of Acre (1153–64), archbishop of Tyre (1164–74) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n35

  Frederick V, duke of Swabia (1167–91) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Frederick Barbarossa, duke of Swabia, German emperor (1152–90) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n141, (ix)n14

  Frisia (i)

  Fulcher, archbishop of Tyre (c.1135–40), patriarch of Jerusalem (1145–57) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)n110, (xi)n14

  Fulcher of Chartres, chronicler, chaplain of Baldwin of Boulogne (d. 1127) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii)n3, (xxxviii)n102, (xxxix)n43, (xl)n74, (xli)n64, (xlii)n60, (xliii)nn130, 133, (xliv)nn102, 110, (xlv)n125

  Fulcrand, marshal of Tripoli (i)

  Fulk IV, count of Anjou (1068–1109) (i)n25

  Fulk V, count of Anjou (1109–29), king of Jerusalem (1131–43) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)nn165, 170, (xvii)n173, (xviii)n25

  Antioch (i), (ii), (iii)n16

  revolt of Hugh of Le Puiset (i), (ii), (iii)nn28, 35, 36, (iv)n62, (v)n89, (vi)n136

  Fustat (i), (ii)n107

  Gabal al-Arab (i)

  Gabriel, Armenian ruler of Melitene (d. 1103) (i)

  Galbert of Bruges, notary and chronicler (d. after 1128) (i), (ii)

  Galeran of Le Puiset, lord of Bira, regent of Antioch (1118–19) (i), (ii), (iii)n30

  Galicia (i), (ii)n78

  Galilee (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)n98, (xix)n21

  lordship (i), (ii), (iii)n17

  Sea (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Gallipoli (i)

  Gargan, lordship (i)

  Gargar (i), (ii)

  Garnier of Rochefort, abbot of Clairvaux (1186–93) (d. 1225) (i)

  Gaston see Baghras

  Gaza (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)

  Geldemar Carpenel, lord of Haifa and Hebron (d.1101) (i), (ii), (iii)

  Genoa, Genoese (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n54, (v)nn72, 96

  fleets (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  privileges (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)n18, (x)n113, (xi)n108

  Geoffrey, abbot of the Temple of the Lord (1137–d. after 1158) (i), (ii)n20

  Geoffrey, bishop of Coutances (1048/9–93) (i)

  Geoffrey, count of Anjou (1129–51) (i), (ii)

  Geoffrey of Donjon, master of the Hospital (1192–1202) (i)

  Geoffrey Fulcher, preceptor of the Temple (d. after 1179) (i), (ii), (iii)n44

  Geoffrey of Lusignan (d. 1216) (i)

  Geoffrey of Villehardouin, chronicler (d. c.1213) (i)n8

  George, St (d. c.303) (i)

  George, St, church, county of Tripoli (i)

  Georgians (i)

  Gerald, bishop of Bethlehem (1148–53) (i)

  Gerald II, bishop of Angoulême, (1101–36) papal legate (i)

  Gerald Jeberrus, Hospitaller brother (i)

  Gerald of Wales, royal clerk, chronicler (d. 1223) (i), (ii), (iii)n124

  Gerard, abbot of Mount Tabor (1110–13) (i)

  Gerard, bishop of Tripoli (c.1137–45) (i)

  Gerard, master of the Hospital (d. 1120) (i)

  Gerard, prior of the Holy Sepulchre (c.1119–c.1125) (i)

  Gerard of Avesnes, lord of Hebron (d. 1102) (i)

  Gerard Grenier, lord of Sidon and Beaufort (d. c.1171) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)nn31, 33

  Gerard of Nazareth, bishop of Latakia (1139–61) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n66

  De conversatione servorum Dei (i)

  Gerard of Ridefort, master of the Temple (1185–9) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Gerizim, Mount (i)

  Germain, burgess of Jerusalem (i), (ii)n9

  Germany, Germans (i), (ii), (iii)

  crusading (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n64

  Gesta Francorum (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n103, (ix)n5

  Ghiyath al-Din Muhammad, Seljuk sultan (d. 1118) (i)

  Gibelcar, castle (i), (ii)

  Gibelet (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv)

  Gibelin, archbishop of Arles, patriarch of Jerusalem (1108–12), papal legate (i), (ii), (iii)

  Gilbert of Assailly, master of the Hospital (1162–70) (i), (ii), (iii)n95, (iv)n124

  Gilbert of Puylaurens, lord of Felis, Lac and Gibelcar (i)

  Gisors (i)

  Giza (i), (ii)

  Godehilde, wife of Baldwin of Boulogne (d. 1097) (i)

  Godfrey the Bearded, duke of Upper and Lower Lorraine (d. 1069) (i), (ii)

  Godfrey of Bouillon, duke of Lower Lorraine (1087–1100), ruler of Jerusalem (1099–1100) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)nn56, 62, (xxv)n74, (xxvi)n95, (xxvii)n22, (xxviii)n57, (xxix)n63

  Godfrey of St Omer, co-founder of the Temple (i)

  Golan Heights (i)

  Gorda, castle (i)

  Greece, Greeks (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv)n69, (xxv)n127, (xxvi)n89 see also Byzantium, Byzantines

  Gregory III, Armenian Catholicus (1113–66) (i)

  Gregory IV, Armenian Catholicus (1173–93) (i)

  Gregory VII, pope (1073–85) (i), (ii), (iii)n1

  Gregory VIII, pope (1187) (i)

  Gregory the Illuminator, St (d. 332) (i)

  Gregory the Priest, chronicler (d. after 1162) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n115

  Guibert, abbot of Nogent (1104–c.1125) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)n27

  Gumustekin, atabeg of Aleppo (d.1177) (i), (ii)n6

  Guy of Bazoches (i), (ii)n29

  Guy Brisbarre (d. after 1156) (i), (ii)n170

  Guy Fraisnel (d. 1119) (i)

  Guy of Lusignan, count of Jaffa (1180–6), king of Jerusalem (1186–92) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)n101, (xiv)n110, (xv)n98

  Acre (1189–91) (i), (ii), (iii)n84

  coronation (1186) (i), (ii)

  Hattin (1187) (i), (ii), (iii)n64

  Saffuriya (1183) (i)

  Guy of Milly (d. 1144) (i)

  Guy of Senlis, butler of France (d. 1190) (i)

  Gwent (i)

  al-Habis Jaldak, castle (i), (ii)

  Hadrian, Roman emperor (117–38) (i), (ii)n53

  Hadrian IV, pope (1154–9) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n113, (v)n110

  al-Hakim, Fatimid caliph (996–1021) (i)

  Haifa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv)

  siege and capture (1100) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n63

  Hama (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii)n35

  Hari
m (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n60, (viii)n46

  Harran (i), (ii), (iii)

  battle (1104) (i)

  Hasan II, Persian Assassin leader (1162–6) (i)

  Hattin, battle (1187) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix)n20, (xx)n24, (xxi)n64, (xxii)n84

  Hauran (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix)

  Havedic, Armenian artillery expert (i)

  Hebron (St Abraham), castle and lordship (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Haram al-Khalil (i)

  tombs of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob (i)

  Helena, St, mother of Constantine (d. c.330) (i), (ii)n61

  Hélie, count of Maine (1093–1100) (i)

  Helvis of Ramla (d. c.1158) (i), (ii)

  Hemelin, chancellor of Jerusalem (1130–1) (i)n127

  Henry, archdeacon of Huntingdon, chronicler (d. 1156/60) (i), (ii)n72, (iii)n176

  Henry, brother of Raymond of Poitiers (d. after 1136) (i)

  Henry, cardinal-bishop of Albano (1179–89) (i)

  Henry, duke of Louvain (1183–1235) (i)

  Henry I, king of England (1100–35) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n128

  Henry II, count of Champagne (1181–97) (i), (ii), (iii)

  Henry II, count of Oldenburg (d. 1167) (i)n128

  Henry II, king of England (1154–89) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii)nn124, 126, (xiii)n63, (xiv)nn7, 8, (xv)n97

  Henry IV, German emperor (1056–1106) (i), (ii), (iii)

  Henry V, German emperor (1106–25) (i)

  Henry VI, German emperor (1190–7) (i)

  Henry the Buffalo, brother of Philip of Milly (d. after 1165) (i)

  Henry Jasomirgott, duke of Bavaria (1142–77) and margrave of Austria (1156–77) (i)

  Henry the Lion, duke of Saxony (1142–80) and Bavaria (1154–80) (i)

  Henry of Troyes, count of Champagne (1152–81) (i), (ii)

  Henry the Younger, son of Henry II of England (d. 1183) (i)

  Heraclius, Byzantine emperor (610–41) (i), (ii)

  Hercelo of Kinzveiler, knight (i)

  hermits (i), (ii), (iii)

  Hermon, Mount (i)

  Herod the Great, king of the Jews (37–34 BC) (i)

  Hervé II, lord of Donzy (d. 1120) (i)

  Hidjaz (i)

  Hierapolis see Manbij

  Hiram, king of Tyre (i)

  Hisn al-Akrad see Crac des Chevaliers

  Hisn Kayfa (i)

  Hodierna, countess of Tripoli (d. c.1164) (i), (ii)

  Hodierna of Rethel, sister of Baldwin II (d. c.1165) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n48

  Holy Lance (i)

  homosexuality (i), (ii)

  Homs (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi)n7

  citadel (i)

  lake (i)

  horses (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii)n150

  Hospitallers, Order of John (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi)n45, (xxvii)n93, (xxviii)n 95, (xxix)n124, (xxx)n135, (xxxi)n152, (xxxii)nn155, 165

  hospitals (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)n35 see also Hospitallers

  Hubert Walter, bishop of Salisbury (1189–93), archbishop of Canterbury (1193–1205), justiciar of England (1193–8) (i), (ii)

  Hugh, abbot of St Mary of Jehoshaphat (1102–5) (i)

  Hugh, archbishop of Edessa (c.1122–44) (i), (ii)n27

  Hugh, bishop of Jabala (1140–5) (i)

  Hugh, count of Rethel (d. 1118) (i)

  Hugh, count of Vermandois (d. 1101) (i), (ii), (iii)

  Hugh, lord of Caesarea (c.1154–c.1168) (i), (ii)n70

  Hugh, lord of Ibelin (1150–c.1169) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)n68, (vi)n15

  Hugh II Embriaco, lord of Gibelet (i)

  Hugh II of Le Puiset, lord of Jaffa (d. early 1120s) (i)

  Hugh III, duke of Burgundy (1162–93) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Hugh IV, count of St-Pol (1174–1205) (i)

  Hugh VII, lord of Lusignan (d. after 1164) (i)

  Hugh VIII, lord of Lusignan (d. c.1169) (i), (ii)

  Hugh of Amboise (d. 1130) (i), (ii)n173

  Hugh of Châteauneuf, bishop of Grenoble (1080–1132) (i)

  Hugh Eteriano, theologian (d. 1182) (i)

  Hugh of Fauquembergues, lord of Tiberias (1101–6) (i)

  Hugh of Payns, master of the Temple (c.1119–c.1136) (i), (ii), (iii)n171, (iv)n84

  Hugh of Le Puiset, count of Jaffa (c.1123–34) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n29, (viii)n89

  Hugh of Tiberias (d. after 1204) (i)

  Huleh, lake (i), (ii)

  Humphrey I, lord of Toron (d. after 1128) (i)

  Humphrey II, lord of Toron, constable of Jerusalem (1152–79) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n108, (xii)n32

  Humphrey III of Toron (d. c.1173) (i), (ii), (iii)n32

  Humphrey IV, lord of Toron (d. 1198) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Hungary, Hungarians (i), (ii)

  Hunin see Chastel Neuf

  Husam al-Din Lu'lu, Egyptian admiral (d. after 1191) (i)

  Ibelin, lordship and castle (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Iberia (i), (ii)

  Ibn abi-Taiyi, chronicler (i)

  Ibn al-Athir, chronicler (d. 1233) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii)n75, (xxxviii)n146, (xxxix)n37, (xl)n119, (xli)n15, (xlii)n169, (xliii)n180

  Ibn Butlan, physician, mid-eleventh century (i), (ii)

  Ibn Jubayr, Spanish traveller, chronicler (d. 1217) (i)

  Ibn al-Qalanisi, chronicler (d. 1160) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx)nn3, 8, (xxxi)n33, (xxxii)n24, (xxxiii)n89, (xxxiv)n41

  Ibn al-Salar, vizier of Egypt (d. 1153) (i)

  Ibn Shaddad see Baha al-Din

  Iconium (i), (ii)

  Ida, countess of Boulogne (d. 1113) (i)

  Ignatius III, Jacobite archbishop of Jerusalem (1140–85) (i), (ii)

  Ignatius Hesnun, Jacobite archbishop of Jerusalem (1103–24/5) (i)

  Ile-de-France (i), (ii), (iii)

  Il-Ghazi, Najm al-Din, ruler of Mardin (1108/9–22) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n25

  ‘Imad al-Din al-Isfahani, secretary to Nur al-Din and Saladin, chronicler (d. 1201) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii)n95, (xxviii)n57, (xxix)nn141, 150, (xxx)n137, (xxxi)n37, (xxxii)n78, (xxxiii)n123, (xxxiv)n169, (xxxv)n187

  ‘Imad al-Din Zengi see Zengi

  ‘Imad al-Din Zengi II, ruler of Aleppo (d. 1197) (i)

  ‘Imm (i), (ii)

  India, Indians (i), (ii)

  Innocent II, pope (1130–43) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n67, (v)n116, (vi)n134

  Iraq (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Irbil (i), (ii)

  Iron Bridge (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Isaac II Angelus, Byzantine emperor (1185–95) (i), (ii)n14

  Isaac Comnenus, ruler of Cyprus (1194–1) (d. 1195/6) (i), (ii)n118

  Isaac Comnenus, son of John II (d. 1142/3) (i)

  Isabella of Jerusalem (d. 1205) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Isfahan (i)

  Isma'il, Shams
al-Muluk, BÖrid ruler of Damascus (1132–5) (i)

  Isma'il al-Ajami, Assassin leader in Syria (d. 1130) (i)

  Isma'ilis see Assassins

  Italy, Italians (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii)n110

  crusading (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi)n93, (xii)nn128, 134

  Itinerarium, chronicle (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n45, (v)n48, (vi)nn60, 78, (vii)n118, (viii)nn147, 153, 161

  Iveta, abbess of Bethany (c.1157–78) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)nn54, 62

  ‘Izz al-Din, atabeg of Mosul (1180–93) (i)

  ‘Izz al-Din Jurdik, mamluk emir (d. after 1191) (i)

  Jabal as-Summaq (i), (ii), (iii)

  Jabal Nahra (i)

  Jabal Talat (i)

  Jabala (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x)

  bishop (i)

  Jacob, Old Testament patriarch (i)

  Jacob Baradeus, bishop of Edessa (d. 578) (i)

  Jacobites (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Jacob's Ford

  battle (1157) (i), (ii)

  castle (i), (ii), plate 11

  Jaffa, port and county (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii)n89

  Jaihan, river (i)

  Jamal al-Mulk, Egyptian emir (d. 1105) (i)

  James, lord of Avesnes-sur-Helpe (d. 1191) (i), (ii), (iii)

  James of Mailly, Templar knight (d. 1187) (i), (ii)n45

  Janah al-Daula, atabeg of Homs (d. 1103) (i), (ii)n108

  Jazira (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Jehoshaphat, valley (i)

  Jerash (i), (ii)n44, plate 4

  Jericho (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)n39

  Garden of St Abraham (i)

  Jerusalem

  Akeldama (Field of Blood), burial ground (i)

  al-Aqsa (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)n 114 see also Temple of Solomon

  Beautiful Gate (i)

  city (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x), (xi), (xii), (xiii), (xiv), (xv), (xvi), (xvii), (xviii), (xix), (xx), (xxi), (xxii), (xxiii), (xxiv), (xxv), (xxvi), (xxvii), (xxviii), (xxix), (xxx), (xxxi), (xxxii), (xxxiii), (xxxiv), (xxxv), (xxxvi), (xxxvii), (xxxviii), (xxxix), (xl), (xli), (xlii), (xliii), (xliv), (xlv), (xlvi), (xlvii), (xlviii), (xlix), (l), (li), (lii), (liii), (liv), (lv), (lvi), (lvii), (lviii), (lix), (lx), (lxi), (lxii), (lxiii), (lxiv), (lxv), (lxvi), (lxvii), (lxviii), (lxix), (lxx), (lxxi), (lxxii), (lxxiii), (lxxiv), (lxxv), (lxxvi), (lxxvii), (lxxviii), (lxxix), (lxxx), (lxxxi), (lxxxii), (lxxxiii), (lxxxiv), (lxxxv), (lxxxvi), (lxxxvii), (lxxxviii), (lxxxix), (xc), (xci), (xcii), (xciii)n37, (xciv)n95, (xcv)n31, (xcvi)n170, (xcvii)nn172, 173, 2, (xcviii)n61, (xcix)n81, (c)n66, (INVALID)n115, (INVALID)n188