33. Lorant, The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 335.
34. David S. Barry, Forty Years in Washington (Boston, Mass.: Little, Brown, 1924), p. 246.
35. T.R. to Senator Marcus A. Hanna, quoted in Bishop, Theodore Roosevelt and His Time Shown in His Own Letters, pp. 139–140.
36. T.R. to the National Irrigation Congress (November 16, 1900).
37. T.R. to Percy S. Lansdowne (December 7, 1900).
38. T.R. to Frederick Courteney Selous (November 23, 1900).
39. T.R. to Edward Sanford Martin (November 26, 1900).
40. T.R. to Elihu Root (December 5, 1900).
41. T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (December 6, 1900).
42. Frank Donaldson Biography, Medical and Chirurgical Faculty, University of Maryland, College Park.
43. Clara Barton, The Red Cross: A History of This Remarkable International Movement in the Interest of Humanity (Albany, N.Y.: J. B. Lyon, 1898), p. 617.
44. “Roosevelt at Home,” New York Times (October 17, 1898), p. 2; and “History of Red Crags” (courtesy of Red Crags Bed and Breakfast).
45. T.R., The Wilderness Hunter, (New York: Putnam, 1893), p. 344.
46. T.R., Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter, p. 2.
47. Because the White River National Forest was more than 1 million acres, as president Roosevelt, capitulating to developers in Meeker, reduced the size by 61,000 acres in 1902 and 159,000 acres in 1904. U.S. Department of Agriculture History File on White River National Forest (October 29, 2007).
48. T.R., Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter, pp. 2–3.
49. C. S. Forbes, “President Roosevelt,” Vermonter, Vol. 7, No. 4 (November 1901).
50. T.R., Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter, p. 3.
51. Ibid., pp. 3–30.
52. Ibid.
53. T.R., The Wilderness Hunter (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1893), p. 344.
54. Jeremy Johnston, “Preserving the Beasts of Waste and Desolation: Theodore Roosevelt and Predator Control in Yellowstone,” Yellowstone Science (Spring, 2002), pp. 15–16.
55. T.R. to Frederick Courteney Selous (March 8, 1901).
56. Blum, The Republican Roosevelt, p. 29.
57. Henry F. Pringle, Theodore Roosevelt: A Biography (New York: Harcourt, Brace, 1931), p. 241.
58. H. W. Brands, T.R.: The Last Romantic (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 407.
59. T.R. to W. H. Taft (April 26, 1901).
60. T.R. to Charles Emory Smith (April 3, 1901).
61. T.R. to Winthrop Chanler (March 8, 1901).
62. T.R. to Caspar Whitney (March 16, 1901).
63. T.R. to Florence Bayard Lockwood La Farge (March 29, 1901).
64. T.R. to Hamlin Garland (April 4, 1901).
65. T.R. to C. G. Gunther’s Sons (April 23, 1901).
66. C. Hart Merriam to T.R. (May 3, 1901).
67. T.R. to Gifford Pinchot (April 16, 1901).
68. T.R. to Eugene Hale (May 13, 1901).
69. T.R. to Caspar Whitney (June 7, 1901).
70. T.R. to William Wells (June 17, 1901).
71. James B. Trefethen, Crusade for Wild-life: Highlights in Conservation Progress (Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole: and New York: Boone and Crockett, 1961), pp. 67–69.
72. Alden Sampson, “The Creating of Game Refuges,” in George Bird Grinnell (ed.), American Big Game in Its Haunts (New York: Forest and Stream, 1904).
73. T.R. to Erwin Brown (June 13, 1901).
74. T.R. to W. H. Taft (April 26, 1901).
Lorant, The Life and Times of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 357.
76. “Our History,” Vermont Federation of Sportsmen’s Clubs (November 7, 2005). (Pamphlet.) Between 1878 and 1920 the league helped create the Vermont Fish and Wildlife Protection.
77. C. S. Forbes, “President Roosevelt,” The Vermonter (Essex Junction, Vermont), Vol. 8, No. 4 (November 1901).
78. Charlotte Mehrtens, “Chazy Reef at Isle LaMotte,” Geology of Vermont (1998). (Pamphlet.)
79. Christina and Diane E. Foulds, Vermont (Woodstock, Vt.: Countryman, 2006), pp. 481–487.
80. Forbes, “President Roosevelt.”
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. “Mr. Roosevelt en Route,” New York Times (September 7, 1901), p. 1.
84. Edith Roosevelt is quoted in Arthur H. Masten, Tahawus Club 1898–1933 (Burlington, Vt.: Free Press Interstate, 1935), p. 54.
85. Jon Krakauer, Into Thin Air (New York: Villard-Random House, 1997), p. 270.
86. “Hunt over Mountains for Mr. Roosevelt,” New York Times (September 14, 1901), p. 1.
87. Morris, The Rise of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 741.
88. Ibid.
89. Margaret Leech, In the Days of McKinley (New York: Harper, 1959), p. 601.
90. Special to the New York Times, “Mr. Roosevelt Is Now the President,” New York Times (September 15, 1901), p. 1.
15: THE CONSERVATIONIST PRESIDENT AND THE BULLY PULPIT FOR FORESTRY
1. Arthur M. Schlesinger Jr., Journals 1952–2000 (New York: Penguin, 2007), pp. 760–761.
2. George H. Lyman to Henry Cabot Lodge (November 13, 1901), Henry Cabot Lodge Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society, Boston.
3. Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991), pp. 8–9.
4. William Allen White to Cyrus Leland (December 19, 1901), William Allen White Papers, Library of Congress.
5. T.R., Hunting Trips of a Ranchman (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885), p. 121.
6. Donald Worster, Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas, 2nd ed. (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1994), p. 270.
7. La Follette quoted in Farida A. Wiley, “Introduction,” in Theodore Roosevelt’s America (New York: Natural History Library Edition, 1962), p. xxiii.
8. T.R., A Book-Lover’s Holidays in the Open (New York: Scribner, 1916), pp. 96–97.
9. Charles R. Farabee Jr., National Park Ranger: An American Icon (Lanham, Md.: Roberts Rinehart, 2003), pp. 17–18.
10. Ibid.
11. T.R. to David E. Warford (August 20, 1901).
12. Kenneth C. Kellar, Seth Bullock: Frontier Marshall (Aberdeen, S.D.: North Plains Press, 1972), p. 120.
13. “A New Cabinet Member,” New York Times (December 22, 1898), p. 1.
14. Kellar, Seth Bullock, p. 120.
15. T.R. to Seth Bullock (September 24, 1901).
16. Charles G. Washburn, Theodore Roosevelt: The Logic of His Career (Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1916), p. 120.
17. T.R. to Ethan Allen Hitchcock (January 25, 1902).
18. T.R. to Booker T. Washington, September 14, 1901 in Emmett Jay Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe, Booker T. Washington: Builder of Civilization (New York: Doubleday, 1916), p. 49.
19. New Orleans Statesman quoted in Washburn, Theodore Roosevelt: The Logic of His Career, p. 73.
20. Pearl Kluger, “Progressive Presidents and Black Americans” (PhD dissertation, Columbia University, 1972), pp. 311–312.
21. Richmond Times quoted in H. W. Brands, T.R.: The Last Romantic (New York: Basic Books, 1997), p. 423. See also Louis R. Harlan, Booker T. Washington: The Making of a Black Leader, 1856–1901 (New York: Oxford University Press, 1978), p. 314.
22. “The Night President Teddy Roosevelt Invited Booker T. Washington to Dinner,” Journal of Blacks in Higher Education, No. 35 (Spring 2002), pp. 24–25.
23. John Ise, The United States Forest Policy (New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1920), p. 161; Samuel T. Dana, Forest and Range Policy (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1956), pp. 102–104.
24. John Allen Gable, ed., “President Theodore Roosevelt’s Record on Conservation,” Vol. 10. Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal (Fall 1984), pp. 2–11. Also see Theodore Roosevelt Association Online Archives, “Conservationist, Establishment and Modification of National Forest Boundaries: A Chronological Record, 1891–1973” (compiled and edited from research done by the National Ge
ographic Society and the Theodore Roosevelt Association staff, November 2005).
25. T.R. to James Wilson, (October 18, 1901).
26. M. Nelson McGeary, Gifford Pinchot: Forester-Politician (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1960), pp. 65–67.
27. Char Miller, Gifford Pinchot and the Making of Modern Environmentalism (Washington, D.C.: Island, 2001), pp. 147–150.
28. Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex (New York: Random House, 2001), pp. 70–80. (All of chap. 4 of this biography deals with December 3, 1901.)
29. Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991), p. 29.
30. “President Roosevelt’s First Message,” New York Times (December 4, 1901), p. 6.
31. Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 75.
32. “President Roosevelt’s First Message,” New York Times, p. 6.
33. Ibid.
34. Morris, Theodore Rex, p. 76.
35. Paul Russell Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist (New York: Harper, 1956), pp. 164–165.
36. “President Roosevelt’s First Message,” p. 6.
37. John Muir, Our National Parks (Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin, 1901). For Muir’s original essays see “The American Forests,” Atlantic, Vol. 80 (August 1897); and “The Wild Parks and Forest Reservations of the West,” Atlantic, Vol. 81 (January 1898).
38. Muir quoted in Austin Considine, “Fall Colors without the Crowds,” New York Times (October 19, 2007), p. D1.
39. T.R., An Autobiography (New York: Macmillan, 1913), p. 415.
40. Outing Magazine, Vol. 39 (1902).
41. Worster, Nature’s Economy, p. 262.
42. Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist, p. 93.
43. “John A. Loring, 76, Noted Naturalist,” New York Times, (May 9, 1947), p. 21.
44. C. Hart Merriam, “Roosevelt the Naturalist,” Science, New Series, Vol. 75, No. 1937 (February 12, 1932), pp. 181–183.
45. Ibid.
46. Ibid.
47. Robert B. Pickering, “Return of the Buffalo: An American Success Story,” Points West (Fall 2000).
48. “Notes and News,” New York Times (May 3, 1902), BR 14.
49. Washington Times (June 22, 1902).
50. T. S. Van Dyke, “The Hills of San Bernardino,” Californian, Vol. 4, No. 21 (September 1881), p. 220.
51. T. S. Van Dyke, County of San Diego: The Italy of Southern California (National City, Calif.: National City Record Steam Print, 1887).
52. T. S. Van Dyke, “Those Four WildCats with One Bullet,” Forest and Stream (November 17, 1881), p. 309.
53. “Arctic Travel Record Broken,” New York Times (September 18, 1899), p. 2.
54. Ibid.
55. T.R., T. S. Van Dyke, D. G. Elliot, and A. J. Stone, The Deer Family (New York: Macmillan, 1902), “Foreword.”
56. John Spears, “All about Deer by President and Others,” New York Times (May 31, 1902), p. BR9.
57. T.R. et al., The Deer Family, p. 117.
58. T.R., Outdoor Pastimes of An American Hunter, p. 188.
59. T.R. et al., The Deer Family, p. 27.
60. Ibid., pp. 134–135.
61. William T. Hornaday, Popular Official Guide to the New York Zoological Park, 17th ed. (New York: New York Zoological Society, 1899), p. 57.
62. Alden Sampson, “The Creating of Game Preserves,” in George Bird Grinnell (ed.), American Big Game in Its Haunts (New York: Forest and Stream, 1904), p. 41.
63. T.R., An Autobiography, p. 419.
64. Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist, p. 167.
65. Donald Worster, Rivers of Empire: Water, Aridity, and the Growth of the American West (New York: Pantheon, 1985), pp. 169–171.
66. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt, p. 41.
67. Works, Mem. Ed., Vol. 15, p. 558.
68. Donald J. Pisani, “A Tale of Two Commissioners: Frederick H. Newell and Floyd Dominy,” presented at History of the Bureau of Reclamation: A Symposium, Las Vegas, Nev. (June 18, 2002).
69. T.R. to Ethan Allen Hitchcock (June 17, 1902).
70. T.R. to James Wilson (July 2, 1902).
71. T.R., An Autobiography, p. 408.
72. “President Roosevelt’s First Message.”
73. Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist, p. 168.
74. David Dary, Frontier Medicine: From the Atlantic to the Pacific, 1492–1941 (New York: Knopf, 2008), p. 222.
75. T.R., Works, Mem. Ed. Vol. 22, pp. 450–452.
76. T.R. quoted in Lawrence H. Budner, “Hunting, Ranching, and Writing” in Natalie A. Naylor, Douglas Brinkley, and John Allen Gable (eds.), Theodore Roosevelt: Many Sided American (Interlaken, N.Y.: Hart of the Lakes, 1992), pp. 161–169.
77. Brands, T.R.: The Last Romantic, p. 448.
78. Steven E. Siry, “President Theodore Roosevelt’s Brush with Death in 1902,” Theodore Roosevelt Association Journal, Vol. 25, No. 1 (2002), p. 5.
79. “President’s Landau Struck by a Car,” New York Times (September 4, 1902), p. 1.
80. Bob Terrell, “Roosevelt’s Visit a ‘Red-Letter Day’ in Asheville’s History,” Asheville Citizen-Times (April 9, 2000). Also see “Last Day in Dixie,” The Washington Post, September 11, 1902), p. 1.
81. Ovid Butler (ed.), Carl Alwin Schenck, The Birth of Forestry in America: Biltmore Forestry School, 1898–1913 (Santa Cruz, Calif.: Forestry History Society, 1974).
82. George W. Vanderbilt letter, Biltmore Company Archives, Presidential Visit File, Asheville, N.C.
83. T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (September 1908).
84. Cutright, Theodore Roosevelt: The Naturalist, pp. 89–99.
85. T.R. to John Pitcher (October 24, 1902).
86. Nature’s Economy, pp. 125–129.
87. Ibid., pp. 167–171.
16: THE GREAT MISSISSIPPI BEAR HUNT AND SAVING THE PUERTO RICAN PARROT
1. “Coal Miners Declare the Big Strike Off; Arbitration Plan Accepted by a Unanimous Vote,” New York Times (October 22, 1902), p. 1.
2. Paul Schullery, American Bears: Selections from the Writings of Theodore Roosevelt (Boulder, Colo.: Roberts Rinehart, 1997), p. 10.
3. “President on Hunting Trip Near Bull Run, Virginia,” New York Times (November 2, 1902), p. 5.
4. William F. Holmes, The White Chief: James Kimble Vardaman (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1975), pp. 105–111.
5. “Lily White’ Plan to Boom Mr. Hanna,” New York Times (November 17, 1902), p. 1.
6. T.R. to Stuyvesant Fish (November 6, 1902).
7. Lewis L. Gould, The Presidency of Theodore Roosevelt (Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1991), p. 42.
8. Clarence Gohdes, Hunting in the Old South: Original Narratives of the Hunters (Baton Rouge: Louisiana University Press, 1967), p xii.
9. Minor Ferris Buchanan, Holt Collier: His Life, His Roosevelt Hunts, and the Origin of the Teddy Bear (Jackson, Miss.: Centennial, 2002), p. 157. This is a fine biography. Buchanan, a litigation attorney in Jackson, Mississippi, helped me understand the great Mississippi bear hunt of 1902 in many ways. All my writing on Holt Collier has been influenced by his research.
10. Author interview with Shelby Foote (April 6, 1997), New Orleans.
11. Buchanan, Holt Collier, p. xiii.
12. Ibid., pp. 3–150.
13. “A Brief History of African Americans and Forests,” Celebrating a Century of Service, A Glance at the Agency’s History U.S. Forestry Service, Issue 25, Bi-Weekly Postings, U.S. Forest Service, International Programs Archives, Washington, D.C.
14. Buchanan, Holt Collier, p. 140.
15. “Bears in Combine,” Washington Post (November 18, 1902), p. 1.
16. “The President’s Sunday,” New York Times (November 17, 1902), p. 1.
17. John Parker to Judge J. M. Dickerson (February 26, 1924).
18. T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (November 24, 1902).
19. Author interview, Tweed Roosevelt (February 11, 1998).
21. T.R. to Philip Bathell Stewart (November 24, 1902).
22. Edmund Morris, Theodore Rex (New York: Random House, 2001), p. 172.
23. Buchanan, Holt Collier, pp. 179–180.
24. “Snub the President,” New York Times (November 18, 1902), p. 1.
25. Gregory Wilson, “How the Teddy Bear Got His Name,” Washington Post Potomac (November 30, 1969), pp. 33–35.
26. Douglas Brinkley, “The Myth of the Great Bear Hunt,” Oxford American, Issue 36 (November/December 2000), pp. 116–121.
27. Peter Bull, The Teddy Bear Book (New York: Random House, 1970). The information I give here is a synthesis from this work.
28. T.R. to Clifford Berryman (January 14, 1908).
29. H. Paul Jeffers, Roosevelt the Explorer: Teddy Roosevelt’s Amazing Adventures as a Naturalist, Conservationist, and Explorer (Lanham, Md.: Taylor Trade, 2003), p. 125.
30. T.R., Outdoor Pastimes of an American Hunter (New York: Macmillan, 1908), p. 366. Second Edition.
31. Buchanan, Holt Collier, p. xi.
32. William Faulkner, “The Bear,” in Go Down, Moses, and Other Stories (New York: Random House, 1942).
33. T.R. to John Moulder Wilson (December 9, 1902).
34. El Yanque National Forest (Greendale, Indiana: The Creative Company, 1996), p. 8.
35. Kathyrn Robinson, Where Dwarfs Reign: A Tropical Rainforest in Puerto Rico (San Juan: Editorial de la Puerto Rico, 1977), p. 186.
36. T.R., “Naturalist’s Tropical Laboratory,” Scribner’s Magazine (January 1917), Vol. 1, LXI, No. 1, p. 53 and see Gerald D. Lindsey, Wayne J. Arendt, Jan Kolina, and Gray W. Pendleton, “Home Range and Movements of Juvenile Puerto Rican Parrots,” The Journal of Wildlife Management, Vol. 55, No. 2 (April 1991), pp. 318–322.
37. Theodore Roosevelt Executive Order—Reserving Miraflores Island in Puerto Rico (July 22, 1902). (Transcript.) 38. T.R. to Gifford Pinchot (November 28, 1906), LC, Series 2, Vol. 618, Reel 343, p. 398.
39. Joseph Wallace, A Gathering of Wonders: Behind the Scenes at the American Museum of Natural History (New York: St. Martin’s, 2000), p. 39.
40. Congressional Record, Senate, S 4302 (April 22, 2004), Library of Congress.
41. T.R. to Kermit Roosevelt (January 23, 1904).
42. T.R. to Theodore Roosevelt, Jr. (November 1, 1901).
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