Geronimo

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Geronimo Page 41

by Robert M. Utley


  Agave plant, 11

  Aguirre, Jesús, 214, 215, 219

  Ah-Dis, 101, 102

  Ahwandia, 222

  Alabama River, Alabama, 232

  Alamosa River, New Mexico, 58

  Alamos Valley, New Mexico, 60, 68, 100

  Albuquerque, New Mexico, 176, 201, 218, 226

  Alcatraz prison, 151, 184, 187, 190

  Alchise, White Mountain scout, 184–85, 187, 190

  Alisos Creek, Battle of, 119–21, 124, 125, 127, 144

  Alisos Creek, Chihuahua, 119, 123

  Alope (Geronimo’s wife), 15, 35

  Americans, 29; fur trappers, 29; general, 29; peace efforts, 31; soldiers, 30

  Anadarko, Oklahoma, 258

  Animas Mountains, New Mexico, 18, 26, 86, 87

  Animas Valley, New Mexico, 147, 165

  Apache army scouts, 87, 88, 104, 152–53, 239, plates; campaigns of, 89, 121; Crook employs in campaigns, 70, 134–35, 136, 163, 165–68; as prisoners of war, 222, 231, 233; Sheridan’s doubts about, 165, 176, 189, 193

  Apache culture, 268

  Apache Pass, Arizona, 38, 40, 42, 43, 48, 55, 61, 62, 77, 78, 80, 84, 85, 88

  Apache Pass, Battle of, 47–51

  Apache Pass stage station, 39, 47

  Apache Springs, Arizona, 38, 40, 47, 48

  Arapaho Indians, 268

  Aravaipa Apache tribe, 42

  Aravaipa Valley, Arizona, 111

  Arispe, Sonora, 24, 144, 214

  Arizona, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7, 37, 42, 45, 52, 55, 57, 60, 64, 65, 68, 73, 75, 76, 77, 84, 87, 91, 95, 99, 105, 115, 116, 121, 123, 124, 130, 133, 145, 146, 148, 152, 160, 162, 166, 172, 173, 175, 188, 190, 192, 193, 196, 198, 199, 205, 208, 221, 225, 237, 239, 241, 242, 253, 258, 261, 273, 277n1

  Aros River, Sonora, 129, 132, 178, 196, 199, 205, 206, 247

  Arthur, Chester, 204

  Atzebee, 102

  Ayres, Romeyn B., 229, 230, 231

  Bacerac, Sonora, 137

  Baldwin, Frank D., 252

  Ball, Eve, 277n2, 280n13

  Barrett, S. M., 259–60, 277n1

  Bascom, George N., 41–43, 58, 61

  Bascom Affair, 38–44, 58

  Battles: Alisos Creek, 119–21, 124, 125, 129, 144, 264; Apache Pass, 47–49; Brown fight, 197; Cedar Springs, 111, 112; Chocolate Pass, 2, 131–32; Cibicue, 105–9, 124; Dragoon Mountains, 111, 112; Enmedio, 118–19; Glorieta Pass, 46; Hatfield fight, 195, 197; Horseshoe Canyon, 116–17, 120, 122, 123, 264; Lebo fight, 193–94, 197; Little Bighorn, 192; Picacho Peak, 50; Pozo Hediondo, 23–26, 31, 264; Rucker v. Geronimo, 89–90; Tres Castillos, 100; Valverde, 43, 46; Walsh fight with Naiche, 196

  Bavispe, Sonora, 137, 143

  Bavispe River, Sonora, 24, 125, 132, 137, 138, 143, 144, 163, 168, 177, 178, 182, 208, 219

  Baylor, John R., 46, 47, 50, 51

  Beach, Francis H., 255

  Beauford, Clay, 78, 90–91

  Bedonkohe Chiricahua band, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 20, 22, 23, 29, 30, 31, 34, 37, 45, 47, 51–52, 57, 72, 73, 78, 81, 85, 87, 88, 91, 95, 96, 98, 110, 152, 156, 272, 278n5; at Battle of Apache Pass, 47–51

  Belknap, William W., 66

  Benito, 21

  Benson, Arizona, 193, 197

  Betzinez, Jason, 96, 118, 129, 139, 267; on Chiricahuas, 261; on defeat of Mexicans, 1846, 20; describes Battle of Alisos Creek, 119–20; describes Battle of Horseshoe Canyon, 117, 264; describes Juh’s tactics, 131; on Geronimo, 21, 115, 118, 120; on Geronimo’s abduction of Loco, 114, 115; on Geronimo’s alcohol addiction, 262; on Geronimo’s Power, 130–31, 140; life of, after POW status, 272

  Bishi, 222

  Black Range, New Mexico, 162, 163, 228

  Black River, Arizona, 173, 195

  Black Rock, Arizona, 110

  Blackfeet Indians, 257

  Blake, William, 147–48

  Blocksom, August P., 102

  Blue Creek, Arizona, 161

  Bocoachi, Sonora, 24

  Bonita Creek, Arizona, 55, 195

  Bonito (White Mountain chief), 104, 109, 110, 114, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 138, 141, 143, 157, 158

  Bonneville, Benjamin L. E., 34

  Boston, Massachusetts, 240

  Boston Indian Citizenship Committee, 239

  Bourke, John G., 137, 231, 232, 237, 240; at Canyon de los Embudos, 187; describes Mount Vernon Barracks, 232–33

  Bowie Station, Arizona, 176, 187, 188, 218

  Bowman, Sam, 137, 153

  Bradley, Luther, 162, 166, 174, 175, 176

  Brown, Dee, 3

  Brown, Robert A., 197, 205, 206

  Brown, William C., 254

  Brown fight with Geronimo, 197

  Buffalo, New York, 256, 258

  Bugatseka, Sonora, 125, 137, 143, 144, 147; as Apache refuge, 125, 127, 132, 133, 163, 164, 166, 168, 172

  Burbank, E. A., 27; describes and paints Geronimo, 253

  Burro Mountains, New Mexico, 9, 20, 26, 37

  Bury My Heart at Wounded Knee (Brown), 3

  Butterfield Overland Mail, 38, 39, 43

  Cache Creek, Oklahoma, 262

  Calabasas, Arizona, 193, 197, 198

  California, 2, 9, 36, 37, 49, 56

  California Column, 50, 51

  California Volunteers: at Battle of Apache Pass, 50; campaigns against Cochise, 55–56, 58; discharged, 56; drive Confederates from Arizona, 50–51; and founding of Fort Bowie, 51

  Camp Rucker, Arizona, 101, 102, 103

  Cañada Alamosa, New Mexico, 58, 59, 62, 63, 64, 65, 67, 68, 77, 78

  Cananea, Sonora, 166

  Canby, Edward R. S., 46, 50, 51

  Canyon de los Embudos, Sonora, 183–88, 190, 217, 267, plates

  Capron, Allyn, 249, 251, 253

  Carcay Mountains, Chihuahua, 100–101, 102, 113, 119, 121, 125

  Carlisle, Pennsylvania, 230

  Carlisle Indian School, Pennsylvania, 139, 204, 223, 230, 236, 240, 241, 248, 249, 253, 257, 260, 265, 271, 272, 277n1

  Carlton, James H., 50–51, 52, 53, 56, 59

  Carr, Eugene A., 109, 124

  Carrasco, José María, 24, 26

  Carrasco Massacre, 1851, 27–28, 35

  Carrizal, Chihuahua, 100

  Casa de Janos, 147

  Casas Grandes, Chihuahua, 45, 99, 127, 129, 143; 1882 massacre at, 129; 1882 peace talks at, 127–29; 1883 peace talks at, 144–45

  Casas Grandes River, Chihuahua, 145

  Castillo de San Marcos, Florida, 229

  Chaffee, Adna R., 102, 104, 137

  Chappo (Geronimo’s son), 3, 56, 105, 125, 145, 146, 222, 228, 265, plates; at Carlisle School, 236, 240, 248; in Crook’s 1885 campaign, 166; death of, 249; in scout company, 153

  Chatto, Chiricahua chief, 56, 110, 114, 115, 119, 120, 127, 130, 132, 137, 141, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 184, 199, 222, 230, 231, 233, 251, 267, 271, plates; death of, 271; described, 152, 156; enlists in regular army, 243; as Fort Sill village headman, 251; on Geronimo, 105, 110, 152; leads delegation to Washington, 203–5; life after POW status, 271; raid in Arizona and New Mexico, 1883,133, 135, 136; as sergeant of scouts, 152, 154, 156, 161, 162, 166, 168, 172, 178, 199–200, 204; on treatment by government, 204–5; at Turkey Creek, 151

  Chee-hash-kish (Geronimo’s wife), 35, 45, 56, 125

  Cherokee Strip, Indian Territory, 203

  Cheyenne Indians, 175, 268

  Chicago, Illinois, 176, 239

  Chie, 61, 63, 68, 73

  Chief Joseph, ix, 3, 268

  Chihenne Chiricahua band, 7, 10, 18, 23, 29, 30, 32, 34, 47, 52, 56, 60, 62, 65, 67, 73, 77, 85, 87, 91, 93, 94, 98, 100, 105

  Chihuahua (Chiricahua chief), 85, 102, 110, 119, 120, 130, 132, 133, 138–40, 141, 144, 145, 147, 151, 154, 158, 162, 173, 179, 182, 186, 267, plates; anger at Geronimo over lies, 161; as army scout, 104, 138, 153; attacks cavalry in Guadalupe Canyon, 163; confronts Davis on tiswin issue, 156–57; death, 270; described, 104; at Fort Marion, 203, 208, 218, 224, 229–30; as Fort Sill village headman, 251; at Mount Vernon Barracks, 233, 236, 238; raids in Arizona and
New Mexico, 173, 175, 178; ranchería surprised and attacked, 163–64, 166; sent to Florida, 188–89; surrenders to Crook, 184–85, 187, 190

  Chihuahua, Eugene, 237, 238, 239, 240, 262, 270

  Chihuahua, Mexico, 2, 5, 9, 16, 18, 23, 30, 57, 81, 86, 97, 98, 99, 100, 121, 130, 136, 160, 168, 172, 177, 178, 228, 251, 277n1

  Chihuahua City, Chihuahua, 20, 144, 151

  Child of the Water, 10

  Chilocco Indian School, Oklahoma, 262

  Chiricahua Apache Reservation, 90; abolished, 80, 147; boundaries established, 75; established, 70, 134; Jeffords’s management, 72–73; move to abolish, 74, 75, 84; quarrel between Skinya and Taza, 78–80; raids from into Mexico, 73–74; removal of tribe to Gila River, 80–86

  Chiricahua Apache tribe, ix, 21, 31, 33, 34, 37, 42, 45, 56, 239, 257; and alcohol addiction, 11; as cattlemen, 250; culture of, 7–8; and curiosity seekers, 222, 226, 228, 237–38; delegation to Washington, 200, 202, 203; effort to retrieve captives in Mexico, 251; employment of, 242; end of POW status, 270; enlist in regular army, 243–44; excellence as regulars, 244; fear of education, 240; flight from reservation, 158; at Fort Marion, 230; health of at Mount Vernon, 237, 238–39, 241–42, 246; homeland of, 3–4; and malaria, 238–39; at Mount Vernon Barracks, 233, 236; moved from Turkey Creek to White River, 154; moved from White River back to Turkey Creek, 155; moved to Fort Sill, 249–50; mustered out of regular army, 252; organization of, 7–8; population of, 9; President Cleveland orders all sent to Florida, 204, 222; as prisoners of war, 222, 230; proposal to remove from Arizona, 175, 176, 187; proposed Chiricahua Reservation, Oklahoma, 253, 258, 269; removal to the Gila River, 80–86; reservation Chiricahuas sent to Florida, 204, 230; revival of old ways at Fort Sill, 251; and rules against wife-beating and tiswin-making, 152; settle on Chiricahua Reservation, 72; skill at reading land, 160; stronghold on Aros River attacked, 178–79, 205–6; subsistence, 12; surrender of, 222; and tuberculosis, 239; at Turkey Creek, 150, 154, 155; uprising scare at Fort Sill, 253–54; village headmen, 251; villages at Fort Sill, 250–51; and whiskey, 242

  Chiricahua local band groups, 7

  Chiricahua Mountains, 7, 37, 55, 56, 61, 78, 101, 117, 122, 147, 173; Bonita Canyon in, 84; described, 38; Pinery Canyon in, 72, 74, 76, 77

  Chiva, 67

  Chocolate Pass, Battle of, 2, 131–32

  Chocolate Pass, Chihuahua, 2, 99

  Chokonen Chiricahua band, 7, 18, 19, 20, 23, 26, 32, 34, 35, 38, 55, 58, 60, 61, 62, 78, 81, 84, 85, 86, 87, 91, 92, 94, 95, 96, 105, 109, 110, 221

  Christianity, 259

  Cibicue, Battle of, 108–9, 124, 189, 124, 189, 292n6

  Cibicue Apache group, 9, 108

  Cibicue Creek, Arizona, 108

  Clark, John, 147–48

  Clarke, Powhatan, 197

  Clay, Thomas, 215, 218

  Cleveland, Grover: bars Chiricahuas from move west of Mississippi River, 239; decrees Chiricahuas remain at Mount Vernon, 239; directs Stanley to interview Geronimo and Naiche, 226; on Fort Marion crowding, 231; orders all Chiricahuas to Fort Marion, 204, 222; as president, 165, 189, 203, 206, 218, 222, 225, 247; pressures on to rid Southwest of Apaches, 165, 175, 177; rejects Crook’s terms to Geronimo, 188; wants Geronimo tried and hanged, 223, 225

  Cloverdale, New Mexico, 118

  Clum, John P., 95, 104; feud with Kautz, 88–89, 93; feuds with army, 78, 93; meets with Geronimo, 85; removes Chiricahuas to San Carlos, 80–86; resigns, 93; seizes Geronimo, 88, 90–91, 108, 147, 290n16; takes Apache “thespians” to Washington, 92–93

  Cochise (Chokonen chief), 20, 21, 22, 34, 43, 45, 53–54, 56, 81, 98, 102, 104, 108, 137, 183, 269; attacks Pinos Altos, 46; and Bascom Affair, 35, 38–44, 58; at Battle of Apache Pass, 47–51; and Chiricahua Reservation, 72–76; death of, 76; described, 9; and Geronimo, 34; moves to Janos, 60; peace sentiment of, 58; peace talks at Cañada Alamosa, 59; peace talks with General Howard in Stronghold, 61–64; and Pozo Hediondo, 23–26, 264; and raids in Mexico, 23, 32, 34, 46; returns to Stronghold, 60; settles at Cañada Alamosa, 59–60; war of 1862–70, 58

  Cochise Reservation, 68

  Cochise’s Stronghold, Arizona, 38, 60

  Collins, James L., 37

  Colorado, 46, 141

  Colorado Volunteers, 46

  Colyer, Vincent, 65, 66, 75

  Colyer reservations, 66, 75

  Comanche County, Oklahoma, 258

  Comanche Indians, 175, 249, 250, 252, 257, 268, 269

  Concentration Policy, 64, 65, 78, 94

  Concepción, 180

  Confederate Territory of Arizona, 45, 27n1

  copper mines, New Mexico, 29, 31, 32, 36, 43

  Corralitos, Chihuahua, 16, 18, 19, 20, 127

  Coyuntura (Cochise’s brother), 39–40, 41, 61

  Crawford, Emmet, 135, 137, 142, 143, 145, 146, 148, 149, 150, 153, 157, 176, 187, 201, 204, 231, 263; attacked by Mexican militia, 180; attacks Geronimo’s stronghold on Aros River, 178–79; court of inquiry of, 153; death of, 180, 187; described, 135; leads 1885 Mexican campaign, 164–65, 168, 175; relies on Apache scouts, 178; second campaign of, 177–81; taken captive at San Buenaventura, 169

  Crazy Horse, ix, 3, 268

  Crook, George, 77, 192, 195, 201, 203, 205, 208, 212, 217, 219, 221, 236, 239, 241, 260, 265, 271, plates; analysis of Crook strategy, 189–90; assailed by newspapers, 177; campaign of, 70, 89, 134; campaign of 1883, 136–42; at Canyon de los Embudos, 183–88, 217, 267; and Chiricahua Reservation, 70–71, 75; confers with Sheridan at Fort Bowie, 176–77; confidence in Apache scouts, 137, 200; death of, 272, 273; described, 66, 134–35; on Geronimo, 155; grants terms to Geronimo, 185, 187–88; memorandum of agreement of 1883, 142, 153, 154; receives policy guidance from Washington, 174–75; reliance on pack mules, 137; relies on Apache scouts, 165; requests relief from command, 188; on reservation corruption, 135; rivalry with Miles, 174, 193; rules against wife-beating and tiswin-making, 152; strategy of 1883, 135; strategy of 1885, 164–65; talks with Geronimo in Sierra Madre, 140–41; Tonto Basin commands Department of Arizona, 66, 124, 134

  Cuba, 272, 273

  Cuchillo Negro, 20

  Cumpas, Sonora, 198

  Cushing, Howard B., 69

  Custer, George A., 192

  Custer Died for Your Sins (DeLoria), 3

  Cut the Tent Affair, 38–43

  Daklugie, Asa, 21, 132, 144, 223, 260, 262, 277nn1,2

  Daly, Henry W., 188

  Dana, Peter, xi

  Davis, Britton, 136, 161, 162, 184, 201, 204, 267; as Chiricahua agent, 151; confronted on tiswin issue, 156–67; described, 146; on Geronimo, 155; meets Geronimo at border, 1884, 147; meets returning Chiricahuas at border, 146; resigns from army, 172; scouts with Crawford, 165, 169

  Davis, Wirt: Mexican campaign of 1885, 165, 166, 175; second Mexican campaign of, 177–78

  Dawes Act, 252

  Day, Matthias W., 166

  Debo, Angie, x, 278n3

  DeLoria, Vine, 3

  Deming, New Mexico, 163, 164

  Denver, Colorado, 141, 142

  Devil Creek, Arizona, 161

  Doña Ana, New Mexico, 30, 32, 33

  Dorst, Joseph M., 203, 204, 230

  Dos Cabezos Mountains, Arizona, 38

  Dragoon Mountains, Arizona, 7, 38, 59, 60, 68, 78, 79, 81, 84, 111–12, 173; battle at, 111, 112; Cochise Stronghold in, 38, 60, 74

  Dragoon Pass, Arizona, 111

  Dragoon Springs, Arizona, 47, 48, 50

  Drew, Charles E., 285n9

  Dudley, Levi, 76

  Dull Knife, 268

  Dunn, Jack, 89

  Dutch Reformed Church, 258, 266

  Dutchy, 243, 244

  Eagle Creek, Arizona, 110, 115, 149, 161

  Edgerton, Joseph, 244

  Eighth Cavalry, 259

  El Moro, Colorado, 93

  El Paso, Texas, 30, 169, 223, 226

  Elliott, Charles P., 168–69

  Emporia, Kansas, 204

  Endicott, William C., 165, 175, 176, 189, 193, 204, 225, 23
0–31, 232, 234, 239

  Engle, New Mexico, 225, 226

  Enmedio, Battle of, 118–19, 121, 122–23, 124

  Enmedio Mountains, Chihuahua, 118, 119, 122, 123

  Espinosa del Diablo, Sonora, 178

  Espuelas Mountains, Chihuahua, 118, 122

  Eva (Geronimo’s daughter), 57, 125, 236, 262, plates

  Evans, H. David, xi

  Eyre, Edward E., 50

  Fatty, 243

  Fenton (Geronimo’s son), 57, 125, 236, 240, 248, 265

  Fifth Infantry, 192

  Fillmore, Millard, 33

  First Cavalry, 56, 254

  First Dragoons, 30

  Fisher, W. R., 155

  Florida, 186, 187, 209, 210, 213, 217, 218, 219, 221, 222, 223, 224, 226, 240, 249

  Florida Mountains, New Mexico, 86

  Ford, Charles D., 153

  Forsyth, George A., 116–17, 118, 121, 122, 123

  Fort Bowie National Historic Site, 294n6

  Forts: Apache, Arizona, 66, 67, 104, 108, 109, 134, 146, 150, 154, 155, 156, 157, 158, 162, 165, 166, 167, 172, 173, 174, 175, 178, 185, 195–96, 198, 200, 204, 207; Barrancas, Florida, 229, 230; Bascom, New Mexico, 43; Bayard, New Mexico, 90, 91, 162, 163, 164, 174; Bliss, Texas, 169; Bowie, Arizona, xi, 51, 63, 64, 66, 68, 70, 74, 77, 79, 85, 89, 90, 101, 103, 117, 122, 146, 147, 165, 166, 167, 172, 176, 177, 184, 186, 187, 188, 190, 201, 208, 211, 218, 225, 232, plates; Breckinridge, Arizona, 42, 43, 47; Buchanan, Arizona, 42, 43, 47; Fillmore, New Mexico, 43, 45; Floyd, New Mexico, 37; Goodwin, Arizona, 57, 86; Grant, Arizona, 110, 111; Huachuca, Arizona, 166, 196, 207; Leavenworth, Kansas, 174, 204, 222, 226, 230, 271; Marion, Florida, 175, 203, 204, 224, 225, 226, 227, 228, 229–30, 235, 236, 237, 239, 240, 272; McDowell, Arizona, 66; McLane, New Mexico, 37, 43, 52–53; McRae, New Mexico, 58; Pickens, Florida, 224, 226, 229, 230, 235, 236, 271; Riley, Kansas, 200; Sill, Oklahoma, 200, 242, 247, 249, 255, 257, 258, 261, 262, 266, 269–70, 271, 272, plates; Stanton, New Mexico, 59; Thomas, Arizona, 95, 109, 110, 115, 122; Thorn, New Mexico, 32, 33, 51; Tularosa, New Mexico, 67, 75, 77; Verde, Arizona, 66; Webster, New Mexico, 31, 32; Whipple, Arizona, 121; Wingate, New Mexico, 94, 99, 201

  Fort Sill Apaches, 270

  Fort Sill Military Reservation, 249, 258, 269

  Fourteenth Infantry, 56

  Fourth Cavalry, 116–17, 197, 198, 201, 218

  Free, Mickey, 42, 137, 139, 152, 153, 157, 184

  Fronteras, Sonora, 193, 197, 208, 212, 214, 215

  Fuerte. See Mangas Coloradas, 7

 

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