Howe M.A. (1906), ‘Some Photographs of the Silk Cotton Tree (Ceiba pentandra) with Remarks on the Early Records of its Occurrence in America’, Torreya 6(11): pp. 217‒31.
Jain V., Verma S.K., Katewa S.S. (2009), ‘Myths, Traditions and Fate of Multipurpose Bombax ceiba L.: An Appraisal’, Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge 8(4): pp. 638‒44.
Kusugal A. (2013), ‘Genetic Studies on Improving Productivity, Fibre Quality Traits and Combining Ability in Barbadense Cotton (Gossypium barbadense L.)’, Masters thesis submitted to the University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad.
Macauliffe M.A. (1909), The Sikh Religion: Its Gurus, Sacred Writings and Authors (vol. 1), Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Singh J. (2005), ‘Ethics of the Sikhs’, Understanding Sikhism: The Research Journal 7(1): pp. 35‒38.
The Indian Textile Journal (1916), ‘Semul or Silk Cotton’, Indian Forester 42 (2): pp. 102.
15. The Fellowship of the Grove
‘Eha’ Aitken E.H. (1904), The Tribes on My Frontier: Indian Naturalists Foreign Policy, London: W. Thacker & Co.
African Development Fund (2016), Accra Urban Transport Project, Project Appraisal Report.
Ameyaw A.A., Raheem K. (2008), ‘Indigenous Methods for Effective Sustainable Utilisation of Environmental Resources in Developing Countries’, Teaching and Education for Teaching in Developing Countries, (eds. Garuba A., Irwin L). University of Education, Winneba, Ghana, pp. 125‒32.
Baviskar A. (2018), ‘Urban Jungles: Wilderness, Parks and Their Publics in Delhi’, Economic and Political Weekly 53(2): pp. 46‒54.
Bond R. (1975), The World of Trees, New Delhi: National Book Trust.
Drake-Brockman D.L. (1909), Jhansi: A Gazetteer being (vol. xxiv) of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Allahabad: Government Press.
Edwards S.M. (1909), The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island (vol. I), Bombay: Cosmo Publications.
Forbes J. (1834), Oriental Memoirs: A Narrative of Seventeen Years Residence in India (vol. II), London: Richard Bentley.
Houlton J. (1949), Bihar: The Heart of India, Bombay, Calcutta, Madras: Orient Longmans Ltd.
Muter (1864), Travels and Adventures in India, China and New Zealand (vol. I), London: Hurst and Blackett Publishers.
Nene Y.L. (2001), ‘Mango through Millennia’, Asian Agri-History 5(1): pp. 39‒67.
Nevill H.R. (1904), Lucknow: A Gazetteer being (vol. xxxvii) of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Allahabad: Government Press.
Nevill H.R. (1905) Agra: A Gazetteer being (vol. iii) of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Allahabad: Government Press.
Nevill H.R. (1909) Cawnpore: A Gazetteer being (vol. xix) of the District Gazetteers of the United Provinces of Agra and Oudh, Allahabad: Government Press
Pharaoh & Co. (1855), A Gazetteer of Southern India with the Tenasserium Provinces and Singapore Compiled from Original and Authentic Sources Accompanied by an Atlas Including of All the Principal Towns and Cantonment, Madras.
Rice B.L. (1897), Mysore: A Gazetteer Compiled for Government (vol. I and II), Westminster: Archibald Constable and Company.
Singh C., Wattas R., Dhillon H.S. (1998), Trees of Chandigarh, New Delhi: B.R. Publishing Corporation.
Sleeman W.H. (1844), Rambles and Recollections of an Indian Official (vol. I), London: J. Hatchard & Son.
Thapar R. (2002), The Penguin History of Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300, New Delhi: Penguin India.
16. Neem: The Bitter Tree of Wellness
Achaya K.T. (1992), ‘Indian Oilpress (Ghani)’, Indian Journal of History of Science 27(1): pp. 5‒13.
Ahmed M. (2014), Ancient Pakistan-An Archaeological History: Vol IV Harappan Civilization-Theoretical and the Abstract, Foursome Group.
Ahmed S., Bamofleh S., Munshi M. (1989), ‘Cultivation of Neem (Azadirachta indica, Meliaceae) in Saudi Arabia’, Economic Botany 43(1): pp. 35‒38.
Caspers E.C.L.D. (1992), ‘Rituals and Belief Systems in the Indus Valley Civilisation’, Ritual, State and History in South Asia: Essays in Honour of J.C. Heesterman (eds. Van Den Hoek A. W., Kolff D. H. A., Oort M. S.), Lieden, New York and Koln: E.J. Brill, pp. 102‒27.
Desmond K. (2017), Planet Savers: 301 Extraordinary Environmentalists, London and New York: Routledge Taylor and Francis Group.
Elwood A.K. (1830), Narrative of a Journey Overland from England by the Continent of Europe, Egypt and the Red Sea to India, Including a Residence and Voyage Home in the Years 1825, 26, 27 and 28 (vol. 1), London: Henry Colburn and Richard Bentley.
Granziera P. (2010), ‘The Indo-Mediterranean Caduceus and the Worship of the Tree, the Serpent, and the Mother Goddess in the South of India’, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 3(3): pp. 610‒20.
Hellerer U., Jayaraman K.S. (2000), ‘Greens Persuade Europe to Revoke Patent on Neem’, Nature 405: pp. 266-67.
Laurie M.V. (1939), ‘Germination of Nim Seeds (Azadirachta indica)’, Indian Forester 65(2): pp. 104‒06.
Marden E. (1999), ‘The Neem Tree Patent: International Conflict Over the Commodification of Life’, Boston College International and Comparative Law Review 22(2): pp. 279‒95.
Nagendra Prasad M.N., Bhat S.S., Nanjundappa H., et al (2010), ‘Study of Die-Back Disease Incidence of Neem in Karnataka India and PCR-based Identification of the Isolates’, Archives of Phytopathology and Plant Protection 4(5): pp. 446‒53.
Omkar G.M. (2012), ‘Neem the Wonder Tree under Attack: A New Major Pest’, Current Science 102(7): pp. 969‒70.
Patil J. (1996), Agricultural and Rural Reconstruction: A Sustainable Approach, New Delhi: Concept Publishing Company.
Puri H.S. (1999), Neem: The Divine Tree, Hardwood Academic Publishers.
Rawat G.S. (1995), ‘Neem (Azadirachta indica): Nature’s Drugstore’, Indian Forester 121(11): pp. 977‒80.
Saraswat K.S. (1992), ‘Archaeobotanical Remains in Ancient Cultural and Socio-Economical Dynamics of the Indian Subcontinent’, Palaeobotanist 40: pp. 514-45.
17. An Inordinate Fondness for Trees
Daane K.M., Sime K.R., Dahlsten D.L., et al. (2005), ‘The Biology of Psyllaephagus bliteus Riek (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae), a Parasitoid of the Red Gum Lerp Psyllid (Hemiptera: Psylloidea)’, Biological Control 32(2): pp. 228‒35.
Garnier E., Navas M., Grigulis K. (2016), Plant Functional Diversity: Organism Traits, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Properties, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Hugo N.R. (2011), Seeing Trees: Discover the Extraordinary Secrets of Everyday Trees, Oregon: Timber Press.
Junker R.R., Parachnowitsch A.L. (2015), ‘Working towards a Holistic View on Flower Traits: How Floral Scents Mediate Plant‒Animal Interactions in Concert with Other Floral Characters’, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95(1): pp. 43‒68.
Junker R.R., Parachnowitsch A.L. (2015), ‘Working towards a Holistic View on Flower Traits’, Journal of the Indian Institute of Science 95(1): pp. 43‒67.
Paine T.D., Dreistadt S.H. Garrison R.W., Gill R.J. (2006), ‘Eucalyptus Red Gum Lerp Psyllid’, Pest Notes Publication 746, University of California Agriculture and Natural Resources.
‘TRY: Plant Trait Database Hosted by Future Earth and the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry’, https://www.try-db.org/TryWeb/Home.php.
18. Peepul: The People’s Tree
Bond R. (1975), The World of Trees, New Delhi: National Book Trust.
Nene Y.L. (2001), ‘Trees in Ancient Literature: II, The Pipal Tree’, Asian Agri-History 5(2): pp. 141‒48.
Watts G. (1890), A Dictionary of the Economic Products of India (vol. III), New Delhi: Cosmo Publications.
19. Tree-Deficit Disorder
Adjuntament de Barcelona (2017), ‘Trees for Life: Masterplan for Barcelona’s Trees 2017‒2037’.
Bratman G.N., Hamilton J.P., Daily G.C. (2012), ‘The Impacts of Nature Experience on Human Cognitive Function and Mental Health’, Annals o
f the New York Academy of Sciences 1249: pp. 118‒36.
Chen W.Y. (forthcoming), ‘Recreational Values of Urban Nature’, Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology (second edition).
Dwyer F.J., McPherson E.G., Schroeder H.W., Rowntree R.A. (1992), ‘Assessing the Benefits and Costs of the Urban Forest’, Journal of Arboriculture 18(5): pp. 227‒34.
Forest Research (2010), ‘Benefits of Green Infrastructure’, report by Forest Research, Farnham.
Hartig T., Mitchell R., de Vries S., Frumkin H. (2014), ‘Nature and Health’, Annual Review of Public Health 35: pp. 207‒28.
Jiang B., Li D., Larsen L., et al. (2014), ‘A Dose‒Response Curve Describing the Relationship between Urban Tree Cover Density and Self-Reported Stress Recovery’, Environment and Behavior 48(4): pp. 607‒29.
LeBlanc A.G., Katzmarzyk P.T., Barreira T.V., et al. (2015), ‘Correlates of Total Sedentary Time and Screen Time in 9–11-year-old Children around the World: The International Study of Childhood Obesity, Lifestyle and the Environment’, PLoS ONE 10(6): e012962.
Louv R. (2008), Last Child in the Woods: Saving Our Children from Nature-Deficit Disorder, North Carolina: Algonquin Books of Chapel Hill.
Malhotra K.C., Kumar V. (1987), ‘A Socio-Ecological Study of the Avenue Trees of Calcutta’, Ecology of Urban India Vol. II (ed. Singh P), New Delhi: Ashish Publishing House, pp. 144‒68.
Neralu: The Bengaluru Tree Festival, http://neralu.in/.
Richardson M., McEwan K., Garip G. (2018), ‘30 Days Wild: Who Benefits Most?’, Journal of Public Mental Health 17(3): pp. 95‒104.
Shanahan D.F., Bush B., Gaston K.J. et al. (2016), ‘Health Benefits from Nature Experiences Depends on Dose’, Scientific Reports 6, article no. 28551.
Shri Krishan (2011), ‘Water Harvesting Traditions and the Social Milieu in India: A Second Look’, Economic and Political Weekly 46 (26 and 27): pp. 87‒94.
Tilt J.H., Cerveny L.K. (forthcoming), ‘Urban Nature and Human Physical Health’, Routledge Handbook of Urban Ecology (second edition).
Wilson E.O. (1984), Biophilia, Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
20. Drum Roll for the Drumstick
Anwar F., Latif S., Ashraf M., Gilani A.H. (2007), ‘Moringa oleifera: A Food Plant with Multiple Medicinal Uses’, Phototherapy Research 21: pp. 17‒25.
Chukwuebuka E. (2015), ‘Moringa oleifera: “The mothers’ best friend”’, International Journal of Nutrition and Food Sciences 4(6): pp. 624‒30.
Edwards S.M. (1909), The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island (vol. I), Bombay: Cosmos Publications.
Gopalakrishnan L., Doriya K., Kumar D.S. (2016), ‘Moringa oleifera: A Review on Nutritive Importance and Its Medicinal Application’, Food Science and Human Wellness 5: pp. 49‒56.
Gopalan C., Rama Sastri B.V., Balabsubramanian S.V. revised and updated by Narasinga Rao B.S., Deosthale Y.G., Pant K.C. (1989), Nutritive Value of Indian Foods, Hyderabad: National Institute of Nutrition. pp.47‒58
Ntila S., Ndhlala A.R., Kolanisi U., et al. (2018), ‘Acceptability of a Moringa-Added Complementary Soft Porridge to Caregivers in Hammanskraal, Gauteng Province, and Lebowakgomo, Limpopo Province, South Africa’, South African Journal of Clinical Nutrition 1(1): pp. 1‒7.
Parrotta J.A. (1993), ‘Moringa oleifera: Moringaceae Horse Radish Tree’, report number: res. note SO-ITF-SM-61, affiliation: New Orleans, LA: US Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Southern Forest Experiment Station.
Rockwood J.L., Anderson B.G., Casamatta D.A. (2013), ‘Potential Uses of Moringa oleifera and an Examination of Antibiotic Efficacy’, International Journal of Phototherapy Research 3: pp. 61–71.
Wyvern (1885), Culinary Jottings: A Treatise in Thirty Chapters on Reformed Cookery for Anglo-Indian Rites Based upon Modern English and Continental Principles with Thirty Menus for Little Dinners Worked Out in Detail and an Essay on Our Kitchens in India’, Madras: Higginbothams.
Zaku S.G., Emmanuel S., Tukur A.A., Kabir A. (2015), ‘Moringa oleifera: An Underutilised Tree in Nigeria with Amazing Versatility: A Review’, African Journal of Food Science 9(9): pp. 456‒61.
21. Trees of Recipes and Remedies
Edwards S.M. (1909), The Gazetteer of Bombay City and Island (vol. I).
Mollee E., McDonald M., Pouliot M. (2017), ‘Into the Urban Wild: Collection of Wild Urban Plants for Food and Medicine in Kampala, Uganda’, Land Use Policy 63: pp. 67‒77.
Imran M., Arshad M.S., Butt M.S. et al (2017), ‘Mangiferin: A Natural Miracle Bioactive Compound against Lifestyle-Related Disorders’, Lipids in Health and Disease 16:84 pp. 17.
Khan A.S. (2017), Medically Important Trees, Springer International Publishing.
Murugesan A. (1999), ‘Plants in Tamil Proverbial Lore’, Pulamai 25(2): pp. 4.
PETA (2017), ‘Why Jackfruit Is the Hottest Food Trend of 2017’.
Rao P.S. (1952), ‘Non-cereal Foods: Tamarind Seed Kernels As Food and Fodder’, Indian Forester 78(1): pp. 36‒38.
Sing B. (1951), ‘A Mango Charm’, Indian Forester 77(7): pp. 476.
22. What Lies Ahead?
eBird, https://ebird.org/home, hosted by Cornell Lab of Ornithology.
SeasonWatch, http://www.seasonwatch.in/, hosted in collaboration with National Centre for Biological Sciences (Tata Institute of Fundamental Research), Wipro, Nature Conservation Foundation, Matrubhoomi SEED, Green Schools Program and efloraofIndia.
Inside Wood, http://insidewood.lib.ncsu.edu/, hosted by North Carolina State University.
Urban Slender Loris Project, http://www.urbanslenderlorisproject.org/, principal scientist Kaberi Kar Gupta.
Bibliography
Asouti E., Fuller D.Q. (2010), Trees and Woodlands of South India: Archaeological Perspectives, New Delhi: Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers Pvt. Ltd.
Benthall A.P. (1946), Trees of Calcutta and Its Neighbourhood, Calcutta: Thacker Spink & Co.
Blatter E., Millard W.S. (1954), Some Beautiful Indian Trees, Bombay: Bombay Natural History Society.
Bole P.V., Vaghani Y. (1986), Field Guide to the Common Trees of India, World Wide Fund for Nature India and Oxford University Press.
Butterworth A. (1911), Some Madras Trees, Madras: Methodist Publishing House.
Colthurst I. (1924), Familiar Flowering Trees in India, Calcutta and Simla: Thacker, Spink & Co.
Cowen D.V. (1957), Flowering Trees and Shrubs in India, Bombay: Thaker & Co. Ltd.
Karthikeyan S. (2014), Discover Avenue Trees: A Pocket Guide, Bangalore: Ecoedu Consultants Pvt Ltd.
Kavitha A., Deepthi N., Ganesan R., Jospeh S.C.G. (2012), Common Dryland Trees of Karnataka: Bilingual Field Guide, Bangalore: Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment.
Krishen P. (2006), Trees of Delhi: A Field Guide, Delhi: Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Limited.
Krishna N., Amirthalingam M. (2014), Sacred Plants of India, Gurgaon: Penguin Books.
Lattoo C., Karnik M.D., Chaphekar S. (2007), Sen ‘trees’ of Mumbai, Mumbai: Mugdha Karnik for Mumbai University.
McCann C. (1959), 100 Beautiful Trees of India, Bombay: D.B. Taraporevala Sons & Co. Pvt. Ltd.
Mukherjee P. (1983), Common Trees of India, World Wildlife Fund India and Oxford University Press.
Nagendra H. (2016), Nature in the City: Bengaluru in the Past, Present and Future, New Delhi: Oxford University Press.
Nalini S. (tr.) (1996), Surapala’s Vrikshayurveda (The Science of Plant Life by Surapala), bulletin no. 1, Asian Agri-History Foundation, Secunderabad, India.
Neginhal S.G. (2006), Golden Trees, Greenspaces and Urban Forestry, self-published.
Prasanna P.V., Chandramohan Reddy N., Venkat Raman M., Venu P. (2014), Trees of Hyderabad: A Pictorial Guide, Kolkata: Botanical Survey of India.
Randhawa M.S. (1957), Flowering Trees of India, New Delhi: Indian Council of Agricultural Research.
Rao K.N. (2008), Trees and Tree Tales: Some Common Trees of Chennai, Oxygen Books
Sachdeva P., Tongbram V. (2017), A Naturalist’s Guide to the
Trees and Shrubs of India, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, New Delhi: Prakash Books.
Sahni K.C. (2000), The Book of Indian Trees, Bombay: Bombay Natural History Society.
Santapau H. (2015), Common Trees, New Delhi: National Book Trust.
Shanahan M. (2016), Gods Wasps and Stranglers: The Secret History and Redemptive Future of Fig Trees, Vermont: Chelsea Green Publishing.
Acknowledgements
It has been a real pleasure to work with our colleagues at Penguin Random House India; their enthusiasm is infectious. In particular, we thank Manasi Subramaniam, who worked closely with us from start to finish; Alisha Dutt Islam, whose superb illustrations enrich the book’s pages; Gunjan Ahlawat for the design inputs; and Aslesha Kadian, for her thoughtful and thorough copy-editing. We also thank Samanth Subramanian for introducing us to Penguin.
Sreeranjini, Anora Lobo, Vinay Sankar, Chinta Prameela and Manish Chandi provided us with numerous interesting bits of information. Hita Unnikrishnan and B. Manjunath accompanied us on a number of memorable field trips. The superb library staff at Azim Premji University helped us track down a number of difficult references. We thank the Centre for Urban Sustainability in India, at Azim Premji University, for funding and supporting the extensive research that went into this book. We are especially appreciative of the supportive and stimulating environment that Azim Premji University provides us, which was ideal for writing a book of this nature.
Given a book of this scope, we have received a great deal of help along the way and have our own personal acknowledgements to add.
Harini
I am indebted to my family for sharing with me their love for trees. My mother-in-law, Annapurna, was a formidable gardener. Her connect with nature was imbibed from childhood, growing in a large family surrounded by trees. My family home in Salem also had a large garden, lovingly tended to by my grandmother, Thungabai. Her children inherited her green thumbs. My mother and aunts coax incredible quantities of flowers and fruits from their gardens! My mother passed on her love for trees to me, and it is a pleasure to do the same with my daughter, Dhwani. The descriptions of mangoes in this book are for my sister Anjana, in tribute to Amma’s mango tree, which showers us with hundreds of mangoes when in the mood.
Cities and Canopies Page 18