Disasters at Sea

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Disasters at Sea Page 19

by Liz Mechem


  manatees, 180–181

  Manila, Philippines, 14, 15

  Manning, the, 148

  man-o’-war, 10, 115

  Marden, Luis, 99

  Maríagalante, the, 137

  Marinesko, Alexander, 127

  Marine Two, 165

  Marinmuseum, 45

  Marx, Robert F., 136

  Mary Celeste, the, 10, 142–143

  Mary I, queen of England, 108

  Mary Rose, the, 106–107, 183

  Mason, Captain J. C., 158

  Massachusetts Bay Colony, 176

  mast, 21

  bonaventure mizzen, 21

  foremast, 21

  mainmast, 21, 28, 134

  mizzenmast, 21, 134

  Mastell, John R., 53

  Mather, Cotton, 177

  Mauritania, the, 71

  Maxcy, Virgil, 156

  Maynard, Robert, 94–95

  McLellan, Charles B., 148–149

  McVay, Charles Butler, 129

  Mediterranean Sea, 118

  Medusa, the, 10, 46, 47

  Megantic, the, 120

  Melbourne, Australia, 28, 144–145

  Mel Fisher Maritime Museum, 17

  Melville, Herman, 22, 23

  Memphis, Tennessee, 158

  mermaids, 180–181

  Merrimack, USS, 25. See also CSS Virginia

  Merriman suit, 49

  Mersey Iron Works, 156

  Metropolis, SS, 48–49

  Miami, Florida, 151

  Michigan City, Indiana, 50

  Middle Passage, 92

  Mississippi River, 158–159

  Moby Dick, 22, 23

  Molinar, Moe, 91

  Mongols, 174–175

  Monitor, USS, 24–27, 157

  Monongahela, the, 140–141

  Mont-Blanc, SS, 78–79

  Montrose, SS, 121

  Moore, David, 91

  Morgan, J. P., 71

  Morison, Samuel Eliot, 136

  Morning Reef, Australia, 88

  Morro Castle, 21

  Morse code, 27

  mortar, 34

  Mount Ararat, Turkey, 168–169

  Murdoch, First Officer William, 72

  N

  Nantucket Island, 80

  Nantucket, Massachusetts, 22, 80

  Nantucket sleighride, 22

  nao, 115, 134

  National Geographic, 31

  National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), 61, 75

  National Register of Historic Places, 165

  navigation, 135

  Navratil, Michel and Edmond, 73

  Nazism, 126

  “Nearer My God to Thee,” 182

  Nelson, Horatio, 112–113

  Nemiña, Spain, 59

  New Bedford, Massachusetts, 140

  Newfoundland, Canada, 26

  Newfoundland dog, 49

  New Ground Reef, Florida, 91

  New Haven Colony, 176–177

  New Orleans, Louisiana, 158

  Newport News, Virginia, 115

  New South Wales, Australia, 144

  New Spain, 14, 15, 20

  New Testament, 170

  New World, 14, 16, 18, 19, 21, 108–109, 111, 134–137, 151

  New York City Fire Department (FDNY), 165

  New York Harbor, 100, 116

  New York, New York, 67, 70, 73, 80, 149, 162–163, 165

  Lower Manhattan, 162

  New York Times, 143

  Nickerson, Thomas, 22

  Nimitz, Chester, 124

  Niña, the, 134–137

  Nineveh, 169

  NOAA. See National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration

  Noah’s Ark, 168–169

  Nordenson, Captain Harry, 80, 83

  Norfolk, HMS, 123

  Norfolk, Virginia, 148, 151

  Normandie, SS, 165

  North Atlantic shipping lanes, 116

  North Brother Island, 163

  North Carolina, 48

  Northern royal albatross, 181

  North Star, 135

  Northwest Passage, 34, 38

  Norwegian Spirit, MV, 165

  Nuestra Señora de Atocha, the. See Atocha, 16

  Nuestra Señora del Rosario, the, 16

  Nuijen, Wijnand, 43

  Nunca Mais, 59

  Nuu-chah-nulth, 100

  O

  ocean liner, 26, 70, 76, 80–83

  Oceanside, California, 139

  Ocracoke Inlet, North Carolina, 95

  octopus, 30

  Office of Naval Research (ONR), 75

  oil spill, 58–59, 60–61, 81

  cleanup, 59, 61

  damage to wildlife, 59, 60

  Galicia, 58

  Gulf of Mexico, 61

  oil tanker, 26, 58–59, 60–61, 81, 84, 96

  Okinawa, Japan, 128

  Old Testament, 168–169

  Olympic, RMS, 81, 118–120

  Omar, Sayed, 63

  Operation Rheinübung, 122

  Oregon (gun), 156

  Orient, the, 112–113

  otter, 60

  Ouidah, West Africa, 93

  Outer Banks, North Carolina, 26, 48, 182

  horses of, 26

  Ovando, Nicolás de, 136

  P

  Pacific Fleet, 124

  Pacific Fur Company, 100

  Pacific Ocean, 14, 22

  paddlewheel, 163

  Palos, Spain, 134

  Panama Canal, 38, 124

  Pandora, HMS, 99

  Paris Salon of 1819, 46

  Parker, G. C., 142

  Peacemaker (gun), 156

  Pearl, Captain James, 67

  Pearl Harbor, 124–125, 128

  Peberrenden, 172

  Pelsaert, François, 88–89

  Peterson, Friedrich, 127

  phantom ship of New Haven, 176–177

  Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 32, 48

  Philip II, king of Spain, 14, 108

  Philip V, king of Spain, 18, 21

  Philippines, 14

  trade with, 15

  Philippine Supreme Court, 85

  Pinta, the, 134–137

  piracy, 89

  twenty-first century, 96

  pirate, 16, 20, 26, 92–93, 94–95, 96–97

  Somali, 96

  Pirates of the Caribbean, 179

  Pitcairn Island, South Pacific, 98–99

  Plymouth, England, 110

  Point Reyes, United States, 14

  polyethylene glycol, 45, 106

  porcelain, 14, 18, 66, 67

  Portland, England, 110

  Port Royal, Jamaica, 90

  Portsmouth, England, 107

  Potomac River, 156

  Prestige, the, 58–59, 60

  Prince, Lawrence, 92

  Prince of Wales, the, 122

  Princess May, the, 53

  Princess Sophia, the, 52, 53

  Princeton, USS, 156–157

  Prince William Sound, 61

  Prinz Eugen, the, 122

  prisoner-of-war camp, 158

  privateering, 15, 20, 108–109

  privateers, 97

  propeller, 71

  proton magnetometer, 17

  Publius, 171

  Punch magazine, 116

  Puritans, 176

  Pyle, Howard, 96

  Q

  Quebec City, Quebec, 76

  Queen Anne’s Revenge, the, 94–95

  Queenstown, Ireland, 70. See Cobh, Ireland

  Quinnipiac River, 177

  R

  race ships, 109

  Raft of the Medusa, The, 46

  raking fire, 115

  Ramsey, George, 101

  Rebecca Sims, the, 140–141

  Red Sea, 62, 63, 74

  Rescue, the, 148

  Restless M, the, 67

  Rhone, HMS, 11, 30–31

  Ridderschap, the, 10

  “Rime of the Ancient Mariner,” 164

  Rio de
Janeiro, Brazil, 148–149, 151

  Robin Hood of the Seas. See Bellamy, Samuel “Black Sam”

  Rochelois Reef, Haiti, 142

  Rockaway Beach, New York, 102–103

  Rodney, 123

  Rome, Italy, 170–171

  Roosevelt, Theodore, president of The United States, 160

  Rosetta Stone, 113

  Roskilde, Denmark, 172

  Roskilde Fjord, 172

  Rostron, Captain Arthur Henry, 73

  Rotterdam, the Netherlands, 164

  Royal Mail Ship, 120

  Royal Mail Steamer, 77

  Royal Mail Steam Packet Company, 30

  Royal Navy, 30, 68, 70, 94–95, 98–99, 120–121

  Russian Secret Service, 55

  Rust, Claude, 162

  Ryder, Albert Pinkham, 179

  S

  S-13, 126–127

  Safaga, Egypt, 62

  Sahara Desert, 57

  Salem Express, the, 63

  Salem Witch Trials, 177

  Salmond, Captain Robert, 68–69

  Salt Island, British Virgin Islands, 30, 31

  salvage operations, 20

  Salvation Army, 77

  samurai, 174–175

  San Agustin, the, 14–15

  San Ciriaco hurricane (1899), 26

  San Diego, California, 138

  San Francisco Bay, 15

  San Francisco, California, 14, 32, 128

  San Juan de Sicilia, the, 111

  San Juan, the, 137

  Sans-Culotte, the, 113

  Santa Agueda, the, 138

  Santa Margarita, the, 16

  Santa Maria de la Immaculada Concepción, the. See Santa Maria

  Santa Maria, the, 10, 134–137

  Santiago de Palos, the, 137

  Santo Domingo, Hispaniola, 136

  Santo Tomás, the, 138

  Sawyer, Claude, 145

  Schmaltz, Julien-Désiré, 47

  schooner, 26, 69

  Schouman, Martinus, 155

  Schwieger, Walther Captain, 116

  scuba, 74–75

  Seabury, Jason, 140

  Sea Dogs. See Drake, Sir Francis; See Hawkins, John

  seal, 60

  sealing, 29

  sea lion, 29

  Seaman’s Act of 1915, 50

  Sea of Cortés. See Gulf of California

  sea serpent, 140–141, 180

  Sebbe Als, the, 173

  Sentinenal Island, Alaska, 53

  September 11, 165

  Seton, Lieutenant-Colonel Alexander, 68–69

  shackles, 90, 91

  Shackleton, Ernest, 36–37

  shark, 84

  Sheffield, HMS, 130

  Shinto, 175

  shoguns, 174–175

  Siege of Antwerp, 110

  signal lantern, 27

  silk, 14

  silver, 18, 19

  silver bullion, 16

  Simon’s Town, South Africa, 68

  Sinking of the Titanic and Great Sea Disasters, The, 11

  Sirius Star, the, 96

  Six Fathom Shoals, 41

  Skagway, Alaska, United States, 52

  Skuldelev, Denmark, 172

  Skuldelev ships, 172–173

  slave, 90–91

  slave ship, 90–91, 92

  sloop, 115

  small-boat navigation, 37

  Smith, Captain Edward J., 71

  Smithsonian American Art Museum, 179

  smokestack, 76

  snakeheads, 102

  Solent, 107

  Southampton, England, 70

  South China Sea, 66, 67

  Southern Ocean, 37

  South Georgia Island, 37

  Southsea Castle, 107

  Spanish-American War, 160, 161

  Spanish Armada, 108–111

  Spanish Armada off the English Coast, 111

  Spanish Empire, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, 21

  Spanish-Portuguese fleet, 109

  sperm whale, 22, 23

  St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica, 137

  steamship, 48, 144

  side-wheel, 158, 162

  Stella Maris, the, 78

  St. Elmo’s Fire, 180

  St. Louis, Missouri, 158

  St. Luke the Evangelist. See Luke

  St. Mark’s Evangelical Lutheran Church, 162

  Stockholm, MS, 80–83

  Stockholm, Sweden, 44, 45, 54, 55

  Stockton, Captain Robert F., 156, 157

  Storstad, the, 76

  St. Paul, 170–171

  St. Paul’s Bay, Malta, 171

  St. Peter’s Basilica, 171

  St. Petersburg, Russia, 58

  Strait of Anián, 138

  St. Thomas island, 18, 30

  Stuyvesant, M. S., 32

  submarine, 75, 129

  submersible, 75

  Sultana, SS, 92, 158–159

  supernatural, 180

  surface-supplied diving helmet, 74

  Swedish navy, 45

  Swiftsure, the, 112

  T

  Tablas Strait, 84

  Table Bay, South Africa, 179

  Taíno, 135, 136

  Tallinn, Estonia, 54, 55

  Tauko, Captain Io, 66

  Teach, Edward. See Blackbeard

  Teer, James, 29

  Tek Sing, the, 66–67

  Terror, HMS, 10, 34–35

  Texas, USS, 160

  Texel, the Netherlands, 88

  Thatch, Edward. See Blackbeard

  Thatcher, Margaret, 131

  Third Reich, 122, 126

  Thirty Years’ War, 44

  Thorne, Jonathan, 100

  tidal wave, 32

  Tilbury, England, 109

  Tinian, 128

  Tirpitz, the, 122

  Titanic, RMS, 10, 30, 50, 57, 70–73, 75, 81, 82, 118–120

  tobacco, 16

  Tobermory Bay, Isle of Mull, Scotland, 111

  Tobermory Galleon, 111

  Tokimune, Hojo, 174–175

  Tompkins Square Park, 162

  Tonquin, SS, 100–101

  Topsail Inlet, North Carolina. See Beaufort Inlet, North Carolina

  Torah, 169

  Toronto Fire Services, 164

  Tortola, 31

  treasure, 14, 16, 18, 20, 97

  Treasure Coast, Florida, 20

  treasure fleet, 16, 21

  treasure fleet of 1702, 19

  treasure fleet of 1715, 16, 18–21

  treasure hunting, 67

  Triangular Trade, 93

  Trinidad, the, 138–139

  troopship, 68

  Tropic Bird, the, 151

  tsunami, 33, 79

  Tubantia, SS, 146–147

  Tudors, 106–107

  tugboat, 164

  Turner, William Thomas, 116

  Tyler, John, president of the United States, 157

  Tyler, Julia Gardiner, 157

  Tyler, USS, 159

  U

  U-20, 116–117

  U-80, 120

  UB-13, 147

  Ubilla, Juan Esteban de, 18

  U-boat, 78, 116–117, 120–121, 123, 147

  Ulloa, Francisco de, 138–139

  Underwater Archaeological Preserve, 20

  Union soldier, 158

  Upshur, Abel P., 156, 157

  Urca de Lima, the, 20

  U.S. Coast Guard, 83, 148, 151

  U.S. Congress, 49

  U.S. Food Administration, 147

  U.S. Naval Academy, 161

  U.S. Navy, 24, 27, 32, 151

  U.S. Park Service, 125

  V

  Vanderbilt Reef, Alaska, 52

  Van Schaick, Captain William, 162

  van Wieringen, Cornelis Claesz, 111

  Vasa Museum, 44, 45

  Vasa, the, 10, 44–45, 107, 183

  Vector, the, 84

  Vestal, the, 124

  Vicksburg, Mississippi, 158

  vicoro, 15

  Victoria Strait, 34


  Vigo Bay, Spain, 19

  Viking longship, 172

  Vikings, 96, 172

  Viking Ship Museum, 172

  Virgalona, the, 91

  Virginia, CSS, 24, 25, 115

  Virgin Islands, 31

  Vizcaína, the, 137

  Vulcan, the. See HMS Birkenhead

  W

  Wagner, Kip, 20

  Wagner, Richard, 179

  waratah shrub, 144

  Waratah, SS, 144–145

  War of Spanish Succession, 18, 19, 95

  warship, 24, 44, 106–107, 114–115, 173

  first-rate, 114

  monitor, 24

  side-paddle, 32

  third-rate, 114

  Washington, D.C., 161

  Washington Navy Yard, 27

  Wateree, USS, 32–33, 183

  Way of the Warrior. See bushido

  weather gage, 115

  Wellfleet, Massachusetts, 93

  West Africa, 47, 57

  West Coast, Africa, 56

  West Coast, United States, 32

  Western Electric, 50

  West Indies, 20, 30

  West Wallaby Island, Australia, 89

  whale, 31, 60

  whaleback, 152–153

  whaleboat, 140

  whaleship, 22–23, 140–141

  whaling, 22–23, 140

  Whitefish Bay, 40

  White Star Line, 70–73, 118

  Whydah, the, 92, 92–93

  widow’s walk, 182

  Wilhelm Gustloff, MV, 10, 126–127

  William Lyon MacKenzie, the, 164

  Williams, Palgrave, 92

  Willmette, USS, 51

  Witch of November, 41

  Wooley, Captain Robert F., 30, 31

  Worden, John Lorimer, 25

  World Trade Center, 165

  World War I, 24, 79, 118, 124, 146, 151

  World War II, 124–126, 128, 144

  Wormell, W. B., 148–149

  wreck diving, 16, 20, 26, 31, 45, 74–75

  “Wreck of the Edmund Fitzgerald, The,” 41

  Wreford-Brown, Chris, 130

  X

  Xhosa wars, 68

  Xora River, 144

  Y

  yellow journalism, 161

  Yom Kippur, 171

  York, Pennsylvania, 103

  Yuan Dynasty, 174

  Yukon Territory, 52

  Z

  Zahn, Commander Wilhelm, 127

  Zietlow, Earl, 152

  Ziguinchor, Senegal, 56, 57

  ACKNOWLEDGMENTS AND CREDITS

  Many thanks to my husband, Chris Carroll, who contributed to many sections of the book.

  I would also like to thank Sophia, Lucinda, and Marea Carroll for their patience, assistance, and forbearance.

  CREDITS

  ABBREVIATIONS USED

  iSP = iStockphotos.com; JI = JupiterImages; LoC = Library of Congress; NARA = National Archives and Records Administration; NASA = National Aeronautics and Space Administration; NOAA = National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; PD = Public Domain; SS = Shutterstock; USCG = U.S. Coast Guard; USN = U.S. Naval Historical Center; Wi = Wikimedia

  l = left; r = right; t = top; b = bottom; m = middle

  6 PD/John Willima Waterhouse 10tl PD/Ludolf Backhuysen 10br LoC 11tr NOAA 11bl NOAA 12–13 PD/Hendrik Kobell 14tr Wi/PD 14bl SS/Steffen Foerster Photography 15tl Wi/Myriam Thyes 15tr JI 15br Wi/PD 16bl PD/Willem van de Velde the Younger 16mr SS/scol22 17tl SS/Jack Weichen 17bl Wi/Marc Averette 17br NOAA 18tr JI 18 inset JI 19tr Wi/PD 20 PD 21ml Wi/PD 21m Wi/PD 21tr SS/Roxana Gonzalez 21br SS/1971yes 22 JI 23t JI 24mr NOAA 25tl LoC 25tr LoC 25br LoC 27tr NOAA 27br NOAA 28tr NOOA 29tr SS/Pichugin Dmitry 29bl NOOA 29br SS/Chris Gin 30bl NOAA 31tr NOAA 31bl Wi/Legis 32 JI 33tl USN 33br Wi/PD 34 NOAA 35bl JI 37tr NLOA 37bl NOAA 37br Wi/PD 38ml Wi/Caspar David Friedrich 38br NASA 40 Wi/PD 41mr SS/Michael Coddington 41br Wi/Annebethmi 42–43 PD/Wijnand Nuijen 44tl JI 44tr Flickr/Piero Sierra 45bl Wi/Peter Isotalo 45tr Wi/Henrik Sendelbach 45br Wi/Chris 73 46tl Wi/Théodore Géricault 46br Wi/PD 47br Wi/Pinpin 48ml SS/Keith Murphy 49tr LoC 49bl PD 50tr LoC 50b LoC 51mr LoC 51bl LoC 51br LoC 52 NOAA 53br LoC 54ml Wi/Stan Shebs 54br Wi/Kalle Id 55tr Wi/Tage Olsin 55mr Wi 56 AP/French Navy 57ml Wi/Rignese 57br Wi/Ji-Elle 58tr Wi/Luis Miguel Bugallo Sánchez 58bl AP 59tr Flickr/Colin Brace 59bl Wi/Mila Zinkova 60 NOAA 61tr NOAA 61bl Flickr/Jim Brickett 62 Wi/Amr Fayez 63tr Flickr/Nataraj Metz 64–65 PD/Carl Wilhelm Barth 66tl LoC 67 AP/Roland Weihrauch 68ml USN 69tr JI 69bl Wi/Dewet 70 JI 71tr JI 71br JI 72ml LoC 72bl LoC 73tm LoC 73tr LoC 73mr Wi/Looi 73bl NOAA 74tl SS/Stephan Kerkhofs 74bm Wi 75tl NOAA 75br USN 75bl SS/Khoroshunova Olga 76tr LoC 76bl Library and Archives Canada 77tr SS/Ronen 77br LoC 78l Wi/PD 79tr Wi/PD 79m LoC 79br Library and Archives Canada 80 USCG/Harry Ahysen 81tl USCG/Karen Smith 81br Wi/Agnolo Bronzino 82tl AP 83 AP/USCG 84 AP 85tr NOAA 85bl AP/Joseph Capellan 86–87 PD/Willem van der Velde the Younger 88tl Wi/PD 88br Wi/Roo72 89mr Wi/svdmolen 89br Wi/svdmolen 89bl Wi 90bl LoC 90br LoC 91mr Wi/Rémi Kaupp 92 Wi/PD 93tr Wi/Willem van de Velde the Younger 93br Barry L. Clifford 94 Wi/Jean Leon Gerome Ferris 95br Wi/PD 96l Wi/PD 96r Wi 97l Wi/PD 97mr SS/Margo Harrison 97br Wi/PD 98ml Wi/Pete Carney 98m PD 98br LoC 99tl Wi/PD 100l Wi/superbfc 101l Wi/cacophony 101tr SS/Thomas Barrat 101br JI 102 USCG/Mei Ki Kam 103br Wi/Archivaldo 104–105 PD/Abraham Beerstraaten 106t JI 106l NOAA 106r JI 107r Flickr/Ben Sutherland 108 Wi/PD 109tr Wi/PD 109b JI 110 Wi/PD 111l Wi/Cornelis Claesz. van Wieringen 111r LoC 112 Wi/Arnald George 113tl Wi/Jacques-Louis David 113br Wi/Luny Thomas 114 LoC 115 LoC 116t LoC 116r LoC 116bl JI 117tr LoC 117mr Wi/PD 118r NASA 118l LoC 119tr Wi/PD 119bl Wi/PD 120 LoC 121mr LoC 121br Wi/wildwords 123tr USN 123mr USN 123bl USN 124r NARA 124l NARA 125tr USN/Jayme Pastoric 125bl LoC 126tl Wi/PD 126bl JI 129tr USN 129bl USN 130 AP 131tr LoC 132–133 PD/J. M. W. Turner 134 LoC 135tr LoC 135m Wi/ragesoss 137t Flickr/Larry Wentzel 137b SS/Ramunas Bruzas 138 SS/Ricardo Manuel Silva de Sousa 139tl PD 139br SS/Brian Weed 140 LoC 141tr Wi/Olaus Magnus 141m PD 141b PD 142 Wi/PD 143tl iSP/Stanislav Pobytov 143bl Wi/PD 144tr SS/Gail Johnson 144bl SS/Ilya Genkin 145tl PD 146 Wi/PD 147mr PD 147b LoC 149l SS/Doug Lemke 149r PD 151tr USCG/PD 151bl LoC 152bl PD 153tr LoC 153br SS/Doug Lemke 153l PD 154–155 PD/Martinus Schouman 156tl LoC 157tr USN 157m LoC 157br LoC 158tr LoC 158bl LoC 159bl USN 160tr USN 160bl Wi/PD 161tr SS/Cynthia Farmer 161br LoC 161bl LoC 162br Wi/Erik Edson 162bl Wi/PD 163tr LoC 163bl Wi/Samuel Ward Stanton 164bl Wi/Joshua Sherurcij 164mr SS/Gaby Kooijman 164br SS/Gertjan Hooijer 165t Flickr/Vidiot 165m LoC 166–167 Pd/Ivan Aivazovsky 168tl Wi/Jacopo Bassano 169tr Wi/Gustave Doré 169bl PD 171bm SS/Massimo Merlini 171tr PD 172tl Wi/Christian Bickel 172bl Wi/Casiopeia 173br Wi/Steen Weile 173bm Flickr/Val Buzeta 174tr Wi/Anige 174ml Wi/PD 174bl Wi/PD 175tr Wi/PD 176tl LoC 177mr LoC 177br LoC 178 inset LoC 178br National Maritime Museum 179tr Photofest 179br Wi/Albert Pinkham Ryder 180 NOAA 181tr JI 181br U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service 181l Wi/Frederic Leighton 182bl SS/bierchen 182tr SS/Chee-Onn Leong 183tl SS/Pinosub 183br SS/Rich Carey 183bl SS/Marek Slusarczyk

 

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