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Zeevi, Nadav. “The Betrayed: Senior Mossad and MI Officials Talk for the First Time about the Handling and Abandonment of Ashraf Marwan, Israel’s Number One Agent.” Maariv (Israel), December 28, 2007.
Documents
Israel. Commission of Inquiry—Yom Kippur War. Additional Interim Report: Reasoning and Addenda for the Interim Report of April 1, 1974, vol. 1, Jerusalem, 1974.
Israel. Commission of Inquiry—Yom Kippur War. Additional Partial Report: Justifications and Additions to the Partial Report of 9 Nissan 5734 (January 4, 1974), vol. 1., Jerusalem, 1974.
Israel. IDF Military Intelligence, Branch 6. Intelligence Survey 15/73. January 24, 1973.
Israel. IDF Military Intelligence. Intelligence Summary from Operation Dovecote. December 17, 1972.
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Interviews (partial list)
Adan, Avraham “Bren,” Ramat Hasharon, October 28, 2010.
Bandman, Yonah, Tel Aviv, August 17, 1998.
Blackhurst, Chris, London, June 27, 2010.
Blum, Howard, private electronic correspondence, 2003–2007.
Bower, Tom, London, June 28, 2010.
Bregman, Dr. Ahron. Private electronic correspondence with June 28, 2010.
Eini, Freddy, Kfar Shmaryahu, Israel, July 22, 2008; August 14, 2009.
Gera, Gideon, Tel Aviv, May 3, 2010.
Gilboa, Amos, Tel Aviv, July 20, 2008.
Halevy, Efraim, Tel Aviv, March 21, 2011.
Levran Aharon, Kfar Saba, March 8, 1999.
Meir, Meir, Holon, Israel, June 25, 2008; August 19, 2009.
Navot, Menahem “Nahik,” Ramat Hasharon, Israel, February 8, 2010.
Orr, Ori, Beit Yanai, Israel, October 14, 2009.
Porat, Yehuda, Shefayim, Israel, July 25, 1998.
Rosenfeld, Yaacov, Tel Aviv, September 14, 1998.
Shalev, Arieh, Tel Aviv, August 27, 1998.
Shalev, Avner, Neve Magen, Israel, May 4, 1999; October 29, 1999.
Shimon, Shamir, Tel Aviv, December 31, 2009.
Zamir, Zvi, Tel Aviv, August 13, 1998, August 19, 1998; Rishon Lezion, Israel, July 8, 2008, September 1, 2009; Tel Aviv, August 7, 2013, April 18, 2014.
Index
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Abrabanel, Shlomo Cohen, 48–49
Abramovich, Roman, 282
Abu Za’abel, 41–42
Adham, Kamal, 98, 134–39, 143, 152, 202, 246, 247, 250, 261
Admoni, Nahum, 218
Africa
regime in Rhodesia, 271, 273
Soviet influence in, 250–52
Agranat Commission, 196, 198, 224, 325
air superiority, Israeli
Egypt and, 111–16
Egypt’s war aims and, 153, 154, 155, 165
Sadat’s concern over, 57
in Six-Day War, 51
in War of Attrition, 56
aircraft/missiles
A-4 Skyhawk, 112, 114
antiaircraft batteries, 56, 112–13, 114, 165, 177, 178, 184–88
Egypt’s need for attack aircraft, 115–18
Egypt’s purchase of French attack aircraft, 116–18, 144, 149
F-4 Phantoms, 108, 112, 114, 115, 117
French Mirage fighters, 112, 116–17, 118
French Mirage fighters from Libya, 149, 165, 174, 177, 257, 261
Hawker Hunters, 165
Kelt missiles, 103, 104, 105, 107, 114, 115, 177, 214
MiG-17s, 116
MiG-21s, 51, 56, 177
MiG-23s, 115
SA-2 and SA-3 missiles, 56, 113, 165
SA-6 batteries, 153, 165, 177, 178
SA-7 Strela missiles, 165, 184–87
Sadat’s missile threats, 240–41
Sagger missiles, 177, 240
Scud missiles, 103, 114, 115, 159, 174, 221, 240
Sukhoi Su-7s, 116
Sukhoi Su-17s, 116, 159, 165
surface-to-air batteries, 153, 165, 166
surface-to-air missiles, 56, 113, 165, 177
surface-to-surface missiles, 103, 114, 174, 177
Tupolev Tu-16 bombers, 103, 105, 114, 177, 214, 233
Akhbar al-Youm newspaper, 260, 267
Al-Ahram Center for Political and Strategic Studies, 324
Al-Ahram newspaper, 2, 12, 18, 19, 20, 86, 200, 289, 295, 300, 308, 315
Al-Akhbar newspaper, 260, 262
Al-Azhar University, 3, 7
Al-Fayyad clan, 7
Al-Qaeda, 27
Al-Shaab newspaper, 144
Ali, Muhammad, 12
Allied Arab Bank, 271
Allon, Yigal, 45, 105, 160
Amer, Abdel Hakim, 11, 15–16, 84
American University, Cairo, 10, 13
Ames, Aldrich, 28
Amin, Mustafa and Ali, 261
Amit, Meir, 35, 44–45, 46, 47, 51, 60
Angleton, James Jesus, 37, 38, 90
Arab affairs, Marwan’s handling of, 246–47
Arab boycott, 253
Arab-Israeli conflict, 34, 78, 246–47
Arab-Israeli War, 1948, 35–36, 44, 60
Arab-Israeli War, 1973. See Yom Kippur War
Arab Oil Company, 135
Arab Organization for Industrialization (AOI), 254, 256–60
Arab Socialist Union, 85
Arab society, shame in, 319–20
Arafat, Yasser, 78
Assad, Hafez al-, 156, 166, 168, 169, 178, 244
Ayoub, Sam, 253
Azmi, Zakaria, 2
Baghdady, Ali Mustafa, 112
Bandman, Yonah, 121–22, 123, 164, 170, 173, 222–23
Bar-Lev, Chaim, 45, 47, 74, 105, 109, 131, 160, 162, 236
Bar-Lev Line, 55, 109, 177, 264
Begin, Menachem, 140
Ben Barka, Mehdi, 47
Ben-Gurion, David, 47, 76
Ben-Porat, Yoel, 193, 291
Bergman, Ronen, 292–93, 310, 316
biological weapons, 41
Black, Ian, 290
Black September group, 78, 184–88
Blackhurst, Chris, 279–80
Blair, Tony, 298
Blue-White Alert, 172–73, 176
Blum, Howard, 150, 205, 293–94, 310, 314–15, 316
Boghdadi, Abdel Latif, 201
Boumediene, Houari, 244
Bousseir, Salah, 182
Bower, Tom, 281
Brandt, Willy, 101–2
Braun, Arieh, 219
Bregman, Ahron, 4, 289, 294–95, 306–7, 310, 311, 314, 315, 316
Brezhnev, Leonid, 103, 104, 107, 168
British intelligence, 38, 49, 150, 151, 320
Brunei, sultan of, 276, 277, 278, 279
BusinessWeek, 259
Cairo University, 9, 13, 21, 22
Cambridge Five, 27
Camp David, 140
Camp David Accords, 111, 259, 265
Canongate Books, 308
Carter, Jimmy, 140
Center for Strategic Studies, 12
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
CIA agent as Soviet spy, 28
congressional oversight of, 250, 251
and Egypt’s preparations for war, 161
Kamal’s close ties with, 135–36
KGB’s depiction of Marwan as spy for, 248–49, 252
Marwan and, 150
in May 1971 conspiracy against Sadat, 90
Mossad’s intelligence reports to, 107–9
and Syrian deployments, 191
working with spies, 37–38
chemical weapons, 41
Chirac, Jacques, 275
Coca-Cola Corporation, 253
Colby, William, 248
Cold War
American-Israeli interests and, 110–11
Kissinger and, 152
Nasser’s death and, 79<
br />
spying at height of, 28, 29
concert parties, 274
Corrective Revolution of May 1971, 80, 88–91, 100, 109, 145, 155, 252, 322
Dagan, Meir, 316–17
Dankner, Amnon, 290–91
Dassault, Marcel, 144, 257, 258
Dayagi, Yoav, 64, 65, 66–69, 70, 74
Dayan, Moshe, 36, 44, 48, 57, 105
and Egypt’s war preparations, 159–60, 161, 171, 172, 173, 176
on Marwan’s contributions, 121
and Marwan’s reports, 74, 131, 132
and Suez Canal issue, 57
and Syrian deployments, 190
warnings and war, 199, 205, 206–7, 208, 220, 221–22, 223–24, 234–35, 239
d’Estaing, Valéry Giscard, 250, 257
Diana, princess of Wales, 274
double-agent theory, 3–4, 49–50, 121, 123, 202–3, 237, 263, 289–90, 293–94, 295, 296, 310, 314–15, 318
double agents, 37, 49, 62, 68, 73
Dr. Birdie operation, 137
Dubi “Alex,” “Dr. Lord” (Marwan’s Mossad handler)
considered replacements as Marwan’s handler, 58–59, 284–86
Marwan ends ties with, 287–88
as Marwan’s handler, 52–53, 57, 58, 64, 66–70, 73, 74, 100, 104, 124, 125–30, 143–44, 158, 167, 194–96, 200, 210, 211, 215, 216–17, 265, 266–67, 283–84
and recruitment of Marwan, 39–43, 48, 49, 50
Duvalier, François “Papa Doc,” 279
EgyptAir, 200–201, 203, 204, 261
Egyptian air force
need for attack aircraft, 115–18
plan for overcoming air inferiority, 116
purchase of French Mirage aircraft, 117–18, 144, 149, 165, 174, 177, 257, 261
69th Squadron, 117
Soviet missiles and aircraft, 115–16
Egyptian army
armored tank divisions, 234
battle plans for, 71–73, 75, 101, 104–7, 119–20, 235–36
Center 10, 106
land assault in Sinai, 238–39
T-62 tanks, 153, 165
Third Army, 169, 206, 241, 242
war preparations for, 155, 169
weapons procurement from Soviets, 104–5, 165
Egyptian embassy, London, 22, 24
Egyptian military
cease-fire, 241
date of planned attack, 201, 202, 203–5
“deterrent” weaponry from Soviets, 57, 58, 103, 104, 105, 114–15, 152, 153, 155, 165, 177
Egyptian-Syrian war preparations, 155–56, 157, 166, 168–69, 172, 177–79, 181, 190–91, 192, 208–9
Granite II, 155, 156–57
The Angel Page 36