warships, German (classes): A (torpedo boats), 410; Braunschweig, 185, 197; Deutschland, 26, 190, 315, 502n. 20; Helgoland, 26, 197, 288; Kaiser, 199; König, 26, 323; Ms (submarines), 339, 370, 422; Nassau, 26, 197, 288; U.117, 307; U.127 (“Project 42”), 307; UB.I, 116, 238, 244, 294, 297, 306, 381, 383; UB.II, 244, 248, 294, 297, 304, 306, 307, 335, 383, 387; UB.III, 307, 339, 370, 397, 400, 422; UC.I, 294, 297, 299, 304, 306, 381; UC.II, 297, 306, 339, 389; UC.III, 339, 370; U-cruisers, 339, 369, 370, 428, 430; UE, 294; UF, 370, 421; Wittelsbach, 185, 192, 197
warships, Greek: Averoff, 529n. 53
warships, Indian (Royal Indian Marine): Dalhousie, 124; Dufferin, 124; Hardinge, 108; Lawrence, 125, 127, 128
warships, Italian: Abba, 162; Acerbi, 163–65; Amalfi, 148; Aquila, 163, 165; Benedetto Brin, 152, 166; Borea, 162; Bronzetti, 158; Cavalletta, 172; Città di Messina, 161; Dandolo, 13; Dante Alighieri, 13, 176; Garibaldi, 148, 149; Grillo, 172, 173; Impavido, 165; Impetuoso, 161; Indomito, 163; Insidioso, 163; Italia, 13; Leonardo da Vinci, 166; Marsala, 163–65, 169; Marco Polo, 73; Mas.5, 169; Mas.7, 169; Mas.9, 170; Mas.11, 170; Mas.15, 174, 175; Mas.21, 174; Medusa, 148; Mirabello, 162, 163; Mosto, 163, 164; Nereide, 149; Nino Bixio, 156; Pilo, 163; Puglia, 158; Pulce, 172; Quarto, 156; Racchia, 163, 165; Regina Margherita, 166; Schiaffino, 163; Sterope, 428; Turbine, 145; Zeffiro, 145
warships, Italian (classes): Garibaldi, 148; Grillo, 172; Indomito, 147; Mas (motobarca armata silurante), 169, 170, 172, 176; Nibbio, 176; Pisa, 147, 150, 165, 176; Regina Elena, 150, 156; Sardegna, 147, 150
warships, Japanese: Akashi, 393; Asama, 89, 95; Chikuma, 75, 96; Hirado, 90; Hizen, 90, 95; Ibuki, 75, 85, 86, 90, 96; Idzumo, 80, 90, 95, 393; Ikoma, 96; Kurama, 89, 96; Nisshin, 96; Satsuma, 90; Takaschio, 74; Tokiwa, 75, 90; Tsukuba, 89, 96; Yahagi, 75, 90, 96; Yakumo, 75, 90
warships, Japanese (classes): Kaba, 393; Momo, 393
warships, Romanian: Alexandru Lahovari, 277; Elisabeta, 276; Ion C. Bratianu, 277; Lascar Catargi, 277; Maracineanu, 512n. 48; Mihail Kogülniceanu, 277; Rosario, 277
warships, Romanian (classes): Capitan Bogdan, 277; Naluca, 276
warships, Russian: Admiral Makarov, 184–87, 192, 194, 215–17, 219; AG.14, 213; Agrafena, 510n. 4; Akula, 202, 205; Alligator, 203; Almaz, 230–32, 236, 244, 247, 259; Amur, 186, 197, 198; Andrei Pervozvanny, 190; Askold, 75, 107, 113; Aviator, 250, 251; Bars, 202, 205, 213; Bayan, 185, 186, 192, 194, 195, 215, 218, 220; Bespokoiny, 237, 241, 247; Bogatyr, 184, 186, 187, 192, 194, 199, 209; Boretz Za Svobodu, 250, 254; Bystry, 234, 237, 254; Dakia, 249, 252; Derzki, 231, 233, 237; Diana, 209, 215; Donetz, 63, 239, 278, 279; Evstafi, 227, 229, 232, 240, 244, 254, 258; Gangut, 196, 199, 204, 205; Gepard, 204, 208; Gnevny, 231, 233, 237, 253, 256; Grazhdenin, 215, 217, 218, 220; Grom, 209, 216, 220; Gromoboi, 184, 209; Grozyashehi, 197; Imperator Alexander I, 230, 232, 237, 247, 249, 250; Imperator Alexander III, 249, 250; Imperator Nikolai I, 230, 231, 236, 237, 247, 249, 250; Imperator Pavel I, 190; Imperator Trajan, 249, 258; Imperatritsa Ekaterina Velikaya, 236, 237, 240, 242, 243, 245, 247, 249, 250; Imperatritsa Maria, 234, 236, 242–46, 249; Ioann Zlatoust, 240, 244, 254, 258; Kagul, 226, 231, 242, 246, 259; Kaiman, 203; Kapitan Saken, 245; Khrabi, 197, 216; Korietz, 198; Krab, 234, 247; Kseniya, 253; Kubanetz, 239, 240, 278; Leitenant Pushchin, 237; Leitenant Shestakov, 237; Leitenant Zatzarenni, 245, 253; Lvica, 213; Morzh, 234, 251; Narval, 248; Nerpa, 230, 234, 253; Novik, 190, 192, 194, 197, 205, 209; Okhotnik, 213; Okun, 193; Oleg, 186, 187, 192, 194, 199, 209; Orfei, 209; Orlitsa, 196; Pallada, 184, 185; Pamiat Merkuria, 231, 232, 244, 248, 251–53; Panteleimon, 231, 232, 236, 240, 243, 244, 250; Petropavlovsk, 196, 204, 205; Pobeditel, 209; Pospeshny, 247; Potemkin, 17, 250; Pripyat, 216; Pronzitelni, 231, 234, 237, 241, 251; Prut (minelayer), 63, 224; Prut (cruiser), 231; Pylki, 252, 254; Regele Carole I, 249, 252, 253; Respublikanets, 250; Retvizan, 90; Rossija, 186; Rostislav, 226, 228, 230, 231, 239, 240, 243, 247; Rumyniya, 249, 254; Rurik, 185–87, 194, 195, 209; Schastlivy, 246, 252, 253; Sevastopol, 186, 199; Sivutch, 198; Slava, 191, 195–98, 215, 217, 218, 220; Sloboda, 511n. 26; Strogi, 243, 245; Stroini, 213; Svobodnaya Rossiya, 250, 251, 253, 254, 257; T.233, 242; T.238, 247; Teretz, 278; Tiraspol 263, 510n. 4; Tri Sviatitelia, 230–32; Tsarevitch, 191, 195, 215; Tyulen, 232, 234, 248; Vepr, 205, 208; Volk, 208; Volya, 250, 254, 257–59; Yenisei, 186, 193; Zhemchug, 75, 76
warships, Russian (classes): AG (submarines), 213, 221; Azov, 279; Bars, 190, 201; Bespokoiny, 225, 226; Donetz, 262; “Elpidifor,” 240, 243, 244, 248, 253; Okhotnik, 192; “Rossud,” 240; SK (motor launches), 253; Ukraina, 192
warships, Serbian: Dalmatia, 511n. 26; Galeb, 511n. 26; Pobeda, 511n. 26; Sveti Georg, 511n. 26; Timok, 511n. 26; Yadar, 511n. 26
warships, Swedish: Blenda, 204; Castor, 211; Hvalen, 204; Oskar II, 221; Pollux, 210; Sverige, 221; Thor, 221; Wale, 203
warships, Turkish: Basra (river steamer), 131; Basra (destroyer), 253; Berk, 228; Gairet-i-Watanije, 248; Hairredin Barbarossa, 62, 119, 227; Hamidabad, 254; Hamidieh, 228, 229, 231, 234; Jawus Sultan Selim, 57; Kütahya, 248; Malatya, 248; Marmariss, 124, 127; Medjidieh, 237, 257; Messudiyeh, 119; Midilli, 57; Mosul, 127; Muavenet, 117, 234, 235; Nousret, 115; Numune, 232, 234; Pioneer, 131; Reshadieh, 57; Sultan Osman, 57; Tasköprü, 237; Torgud Reis, 62, 227; Yavuz, 259; Yozgat, 237
warships, United States: Baltimore, 439; Birmingham, 394; Charles Whittlemore, 434; Chester, 394; Columbia, 435; Delaware, 404, 420; Dixie, 359; Dyer, 395; Florida, 404; Galveston, 434; Gregory, 395; Jouett, 432; Leonidas, 399; Melville, 359; Minnesota, 433; Nevada, 436; New York, 404, 449; Oklahoma, 436; Olympia, 136; Paducah, 396; Prometheus, 429; Robert H. McCurdy, 433–34; Salem, 394; San Diego, 432; San Francisco, 439; SC.209, 433; Stringham, 433; Texas, 404; Utah, 436; Wadsworth, 359; Wyoming, 404
warships, United States (classes): Bainbridge, 394; Connecticut, 171; L-class (submarines), 430; “submarine chasers,” 171, 399, 400, 430–32; Virginia, 171
Wassmuss, Wilhelm, 128
Waters, Lieutenant Commander D. W., 354
Watt, Skipper John, 163
Weddigen, Kapitänleutnant Otto, 33, 298
Wegener, Kapitänleutnant Barnard, 301
Wegener, Korvettenkapitän Wolfgang, 289–90
Weizsäcker, Ernst von, 422
Wemyss, Rear Admiral Rosslyn Erskine: and Canadian convoy, 86–87; at Dardanelles, 112, 114–16, 123; and Mesopotamian campaign, 130; and proposal for operations on Syrian coast, 133, 134; and command in Aegean, 401; becomes First Sea Lord, 403; and Keyes, 407; and Northern barrage, 439; at signing of armistice, 447; and Mediterranean, 527n. 33
Westerkamp, Fregattenkapitän, 376 Westminster, 2nd Duke of (Hugh Richard Arthur Grosvenor), 109
Whitby, 41
Whitehead, Captain Frederic A., 397
White Sea, 134–37
Wied, Prince William of, 153
Wietling, Korvettenkapitän Franz, 211, 212
Wilhelm II, Kaiser: and prewar naval strategy, 23; and Helgoland action, 32; consents to raid on British coast, 40; is determined not to risk fleet, 47; and Tsingtau, 73–74; and command in Baltic, 182; cautious strategy of, 287; and Tirpitz, 290; and submarine warfare, 293, 298, 299, 302, 304, 306, 310; and Jutland, 326; and Scheer, 334, 375, 445, 447; and dispatch of submarines to American waters, 357, 430; and Mediterranean, 382, 388; mentioned, 51, 303, 305
Wilhelmshaven, 10
Wilken, Captain, 209
William, Duke of Södermanland, 211
Wilson, Admiral Sir Arthur Knyvet, 21, 102, 104
Wilson, Rear Admiral Henry B., 429
Wilson, General Sir Henry Hughes, 22
Wilson, President Woodrow: and Greece, 16; peace proposals by, 170; and Lusitania affair, 299; and Sussex affair, 308; and war with Germany, 340, 341; and British naval strategy, 357; and armistice, 444; mentioned, 430, 447
Winsloe, Rear Admiral Sir Alfred, 70
wireless telegraphy, 68, 400, 427, 431
Wirth, Korvettenkapitän Julius, 81
Wray, Captain Fawcett, 56
Wulff, Korvettenkapitän Olav, 285
Yap, island, 73
Yarmouth, 39, 313
Yudenich, General Nikolai, 239, 242, 243
Zarine, Captain A., 282
Zeebrugge: Germans develop base at, 35, 105, 297; and High Sea Fleet destroyers, 333, 346, 347; bombarded by monitors, 350, 411; and German destroyers, 408, 409, 416; raided by British, 411–15; target of U.S. bombing, 426; mentioned, 351, 419, 421, 442
Zeppelins: L.5, 43; L.6, 43; L.7, 314; L.13, 330; L.23, 443; L.53, 443; L.54, 443; L.60, 443; mentioned, 42–43. See also Naval Air Service, German
Zimmerman, Arthur, 340
Zonguldak, 226–28, 230–32, 237–38, 252
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Paul G. Halpern was born in New York in 1937 and is a graduate of the University of Virginia. He served as an officer in the U.S. Army from 1958 to 1960 and received a Ph.D. from Harvard University in 1966. He joined the faculty at Florida State University in 1965 and is now a professor of history.
He is the author of The Mediterranean Naval Situation, 1908–1914, and The Naval War in the Mediterranean, 1914–1918. He has also edited the three-volume Keyes Papers: Selections from the Private and Official Correspondence of Admiral of the Fleet Baron Keyes of Zeebrugge for the Naval Records Society as well as another volume of documents, The Royal Navy in the Mediterranean, 1915–1918. He is currently working on a biography of Admiral Anton Haus, chief of the Austro-Hungarian navy.
Professor Halpern has served on the council of the Naval Records Society and as a visiting professor in the strategy department of the Naval War College. He is a fellow of the Royal Historical Society.
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