Raverat, Gwen. Period Piece. Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press, 1992.
Thoreau, Henry David. I to Myself: An Annotated Selection from the Journal of Henry D. Thoreau. Ed. Jeffrey Cramer. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007.
Wedgwood, Barbara, and Hensleigh Wedgwood. The Wedgwood Circle, 1730–1897: Four Generations of a Family and Their Friends. Westfield, New Jersey: Eastview Editions, 1980.
Weiner, Jonathan. The Beak of the Finch: A Story of Evolution in Our Time. New York: Vintage, 1995.
Index
Austen, Jane, 35, 41, 45, 58, 90–91, 115, 231
Beagle (ship), 1, 2, 5, 6, 13, 22, 24, 33, 51, 83, 95, 139, 150, 194
Bevan, Edward, 84
Bible, 11, 27, 51, 70, 72–73, 78, 94, 140, 141, 189, 191, 227, 231–32
British Association for the Advancement of Science, 8, 181, 192–94
Buffon, George-Louis Leclerc, 84
Cambridge University, 8, 23–24, 32, 33, 76, 124, 181, 199, 221
Carlyle, Jane, 6, 31, 75
Carlyle, Thomas, 6, 31, 75, 78
Chopin, Frédéric, 39
Christianity, 18–19, 26–27, 42, 46, 141–42, 151, 231
Coleridge, Hartley, 156
Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 15
Covington, Syms, 6, 83–84, 92, 110
Darwin, Amy (Frank’s wife), 218
Darwin, Anne Elizabeth (daughter), 109, 115, 119, 120, 122, 133–35
birth of, 108
death of, 148–49, 151–59, 190, 197, 198, 200, 205–206
funeral of, 151
illness of, 135–48, 156, 224
musical talent of, 129–30, 134
Darwin, Bernard (grandson), 218–20, 229, 235
Darwin, Caroline (sister), see
Wedgwood, Caroline Darwin
Darwin, Catherine (sister), 8, 18, 19, 30–33, 58, 63, 85, 117, 130, 133, 168
Darwin, Charles
appearance of, 7–8
autobiography of, 202, 218, 221, 229–31, 234
birth of, 18
births of children of, 105–106, 108, 116, 120, 126, 129, 136, 153, 167–68
childhood of, 14, 17–20, 77–78
child-rearing philosophy of, 119–20, 127, 161–65
children’s relationship with, 107, 108, 126–28, 132–35, 154, 159–60, 202–203, 209, 220–21
country house purchased by, 111–20
courtship of Emma, 30–32, 34–37, 47
daily routine of, 162, 207–208
death of, 223–26
deaths of children of, 116–17, 119, 120, 135–49, 146–49, 151–59, 171–74, 190, 197, 198, 200, 205–206, 224
development of species theory
by, 10–12, 48–53, 79–80, 97, 108, 111–12, 120–25, 128–30, 137–38, 161 (see also Origin of Species, The)
education of, 20–21, 23–24, 33
engagement of Emma and, 54–69
facial expression research of, 206–207
fame of, 210–11
funeral of, 226–27
grandchildren of, 218, 223, 235–36
illnesses of, 95, 96, 101, 105, 111, 129–32, 144, 158, 192, 199, 204–206, 223
legacy of, 234–36
London house of Emma and, 75–77, 80–96, 109–10
in London intellectual circle, 6–7
marriage considered by, 5, 6, 8–17, 22, 27–28, 98
married life of, 90–95, 102–103
observational studies by, 47–48, 66, 80, 106–108, 129, 210, 219–20, 222–23
old age of, 217–23
personality of, 63, 163
plant studies of, 195–96, 204, 206, 218–19
religious views of, 23, 26–28, 34, 47, 52, 59, 69–74, 77–79, 97–100, 140–42, 158, 161, 196–97, 200–201, 212–13, 221–22, 230, 231
romance of Fanny Owen and, 32–34
at séance, 213–16
on voyage, 5–10, 13, 24–26, 33–34, 44, 47, 50–51, 58, 86, 101, 102, 150
and Wallace paper, 169–75, 177, 178
wedding of, 88–89
Darwin, Charles Waring (son), 167–68, 170–74, 176, 200, 226
Darwin, Elizabeth (daughter), 129, 135, 136, 159, 160, 164, 203, 225, 235
Darwin, Emma Wedgwood
appearance of, 31
birth of, 37
births of children of, 105–106, 108, 116, 120, 126, 129, 136, 153, 167–68
and Charles’s daily routine, 207–208
and Charles’s death, 223–26
childhood and adolescence of, 37–40
child-rearing philosophy of, 119–20, 127, 161–63
children’s relationship with, 132, 134–36, 152, 155, 159–60, 202–203, 209, 220–21
country house purchased by, 111–20
courtship of, 30–32, 34–37, 47
death of, 156, 232–33
deaths of children of, 116–17, 119, 120, 135–49, 148–49, 151–59, 171–74, 190, 197, 198, 200, 205–206, 224
drafts of Charles’s works read by, 122–23, 180–81, 183
engagement of Charles and, 54–69
Erasmus as potential husband for, 15
gardening and, 203–204
grandchildren of, 218, 223, 229, 232, 235–36
illnesses of, 95, 110
legacy of, 234–36
London house of Charles and, 75–77, 80–82, 84–86, 109–10
married life of, 90–95, 102–103
musical talent of, 38, 92, 130, 134
old age of, 217–23, 228–32
personality of, 29, 31, 38, 163, 198–99
pregnancies of, 96, 97, 101, 108, 112, 115, 120, 142, 167
and publication of The Origin of Species, 185, 187, 189–92
religious views of, 45–47, 52, 53, 69–74, 78, 87–88, 97–100, 140–41, 154–55, 158–59, 161, 181–83, 189, 197, 199–201, 212–13, 221–22, 231–32
at séance, 213–16
and sister’s illness and death, 42–46
travels of, 40–41
visitors and, 163–64, 207, 232
wedding of, 88–89
Darwin, Erasmus (brother), 8, 12, 31, 77, 84, 85, 88–89, 92–93, 102, 112–15, 122, 153, 205, 209, 231
and Annie’s illness and death, 143, 144, 147, 152
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 62
childhood of, 18, 19, 46
death of, 223, 226
education of, 20, 21
and father’s death, 130
female friends of, 14–15, 94
intellectual circle of, 6–7, 49, 185
poor health of, 138
religious views of, 78, 98, 141
séance at home of, 214–16
Darwin, Erasmus (grandfather), 18–19
Darwin, Erasmus (grandson), 223, 232
Darwin, Francis (Frank; son), 4, 129, 136, 160, 179, 218–21, 225, 226, 229–31, 234
Darwin, George (son), 47, 130, 136, 160, 172, 198, 221, 226, 228
birth of, 126
education of, 202–203
illness of, 168, 170
marriage and family of, 229, 234
scientific career of, 234–35
at séance, 214, 215
Darwin, Gwen (granddaughter), 229, 235–36
Darwin, Henrietta (Etty; daughter), see Litchfield, Henrietta
Darwin
Darwin, Horace (son), 153, 160, 197, 203, 205, 208, 212, 221, 223, 226, 228, 234, 235
Darwin, Leonard (Lenny; son), 136, 160–62, 166, 198, 202, 203, 221, 222–23, 226, 235
Darwin, Marianne (sister), 8, 19, 63, 85, 130
Darwin, Mary Eleanor (daughter), 116–17, 119, 120, 137, 174, 200, 226
Darwin, Maud du Puy (George’s wife), 47
Darwin, Robert (father), 5, 16–20, 33, 63, 78, 110–11, 114, 160, 231
and Charles’s education, 20–21
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 58, 133
child-rearing philosophy of, 18
&nb
sp; death of, 130–31, 139
declining health of, 115, 129
marital advice to Charles from, 22, 27–28, 59, 66–67, 99
medical practice of, 17, 20, 44, 101
religious views of, 18–20, 23, 27
and voyage of the Beagle, 24–26
and wife’s death, 14
Darwin, Susan (sister), 8, 19, 63, 85, 130
Darwin, Susanna Wedgwood (mother), 14, 18–20, 77, 79, 117
Darwin, William Erasmus (son), 109, 110, 114, 115, 119, 120, 122, 130, 134, 187, 226, 221
and Annie’s illness and death, 139, 141, 152
birth of, 105
at boarding school, 135, 160
career of, 235
at Charles’s funeral, 227
marriage of, 232
observations as infant of, 105–108
Descent of Man, The (Darwin), 208
Dickens, Charles, 6, 49, 76, 80–81
Down House, 115–19
Edmonstone, John, 20
Evans, Mary Ann, 214, 215
Expression of Emotions in Man and
Animals, The (Darwin), 107, 210
FitzRoy, Robert, 24, 51, 71, 78, 95, 102, 104, 106, 128, 194
Fleming, John, 84
Fox, William Darwin, 105, 156, 159–60, 167, 172, 188, 205
Franklin, Benjamin, 71
Galapagos Islands, 9, 11, 50, 51, 80, 137–38, 176
Gaskell, Elizabeth, 231
Geological Society, 76
Gould, John, 51
Grant, Robert, 76
Gray, Asa, 123, 171, 173, 191, 192, 196–97, 217, 220, 221
Gully, James, 131, 139, 140, 144–49
Henslow, John Stevens, 24, 85, 102, 122, 131, 136, 193, 220
death of, 199
marital advice to Charles from, 86
religious views of, 73, 78, 112, 199
specimens sent to, 8, 10
Herschel, John, 226
Holland, Henry, 139, 140
Hooker, Joseph, 116, 120, 123, 124, 129, 174, 191, 193, 205–206, 220, 226
and Wallace paper, 170–73, 175, 178
Horner family, 7, 8, 31, 61, 80, 87, 93–94
Huxley, Henrietta, 198–99
Huxley, Thomas Henry, 187, 191–94, 198–99, 213–16, 220, 226
Lamarck, Jean-Baptiste, 76
Lewes, George, 214, 215
Lincoln, Abraham, 18
Linnaean Society, 172, 174–78
Linnaeus, Carl, 128
Litchfield, Henrietta Darwin (Etty), 29, 39, 45, 91, 122, 127–28, 130, 135–36, 160, 163–64, 174, 199, 205, 212
and Annie’s illness and death, 137–39, 142–45, 151, 154–56, 190
birth of, 120
and Charles’s death, 225, 226
and criticism of The Origin of Species, 189–90
at Crystal Palace exhibition, 153
education of, 135–36, 203
during Emma’s last pregnancy, 167
Emma’s letters to, 209–10, 218, 219, 231–33
Emma’s letters edited by, 235
illness of, 168–71, 177–78, 197–98
marriage of, 209
religious upbringing of, 162–63
at séance, 214–16
Litchfield, Richard, 209, 214
London Zoo, 47–48, 153
Lubbock, John, 115, 118, 166, 193, 226
Lyell, Charles, 7, 75, 102, 122, 167, 191, 192, 226
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 60, 61
death of, 220
geological theories of, 10, 123
religious views of, 78, 112, 197
and Wallace paper, 170–72, 175
Lyell, Mary Horner, 7, 61, 75, 196
Malthus, Thomas Robert, 42, 49–51, 78, 79, l69, 175
Martineau, Harriet, 6, 15, 85, 94
Martineau, James, 94
Mendel, Gregor, 184
Milton, John, 38
Murray, John, 126, 187
Natural History Museum (London), 229
Newman, Francis, 141–42
Newton, Isaac, 226
Origin of Species, The (Darwin), 1–3, 174, 166–71, 178–95, 198, 206, 207, 226, 234
Owen, Fanny, 29, 32–34
Owen, Richard, 192, 193
Owen, Sarah, 32
Oxford University, 76, 192–94
Paley, William, 23, 50, 181
Parliament, 226, 235
Parslow, Joseph, 110, 139, 141, 162, 168, 190, 227
Paxton, Joseph, 84
Raverat, Gwen Darwin, 229, 235–36
Royal Society, 88
Sedgwick, Adam, 10, 124, 182, 190
Sismondi, J. C. de, 40, 62, 75, 81, 115, 159, 161
Sismondi, Jessie de, 37, 45, 56, 57, 67, 68, 81, 101–103, 105, 108–111, 234
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 61–63
death of, 160–61
Emma in Switzerland with, 40–41
marriage of, 62, 115
religious views of, 115, 156, 159
Smellie, William, 84
Smith, Adam, 76
Society for the Prevention of
Cruelty to Animals, 203
Stevenson, Robert Louis, 231
Stonehenge, 219
Swift, Jonathan, 217
Thoreau, Henry David, 179
Tollet, Ellen, 66
University College London, 76, 80, 141
Ussher, Archbishop James, 11
Vestiges of the Natural History of
Creation (Chambers), 123–26, 188
Victoria, Queen, 138
Voyage of the Beagle, The (originally Journal of Researches; Darwin), 73, 95, 101–104, 125, 126, 150–51, 229
Wallace, Alfred Russell, 169–75, 177, 178
Wedgwood, Bessy (mother), 25, 29, 37, 40, 73, 88–89, 105, 116
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 57
child-rearing philosophy of, 30
death of, 129
Emma’s correspondence with, 90, 93, 94
illness of, 57, 64, 72, 88, 115, 126
and Fanny’s illness and death, 42, 44–45
Wedgwood, Caroline Darwin
(Charles’s sister), 8, 19, 32, 33, 41, 44–45, 56, 61, 63, 85, 89, 97, 102, 130, 230
Wedgwood, Charlotte (sister), 37, 41, 43, 61–62, 168, 178
Wedgwood, Elizabeth (sister), 31, 34–37, 93, 102–103, 111, 112, 162, 168, 178, 220
and Annie’s death, 152, 153
at birth of Emma’s first child, 105
Emma’s letters to, 40–41, 91, 92, 94
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 56, 57, 64
and Fanny’s illness and death, 42–45
Wedgwood, Emma, see Darwin,
Emma Wedgwood
Wedgwood, Erny (nephew), 119
Wedgwood, Fanny (sister), 32, 36–46, 55, 70, 72, 78, 96, 145, 154, 159, 200
Wedgwood, Fanny (Hensleigh’s wife), 54, 57, 80, 85, 92, 94, 95, 103, 116–17, 119, 133–34, 145–48, 151, 190, 214
Wedgwood, Frank (brother), 37
Wedgwood, Harry (brother), 37
Wedgwood, Hensleigh (brother), 6, 30–31, 37, 54, 61, 80, 92, 95, 102, 103, 122, 190
and Annie’s death, 151
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 57
illness of, 119
marriage and family of, 8–9
religious views of, 78
at séance, 213–15
Wedgwood, James (nephew), 119
Wedgwood, John Allen, 73
Wedgwood, Josiah (brother), 37, 56, 61, 89
Wedgwood, Josiah (father), 24–26, 29, 37, 42, 44, 57, 102, 105, 116
and Charles and Emma’s
engagement, 56, 58, 133
child-rearing philosophy of, 30
death of, 120
illness of, 64, 115
Wedgwood, Josiah (grandfather), 18, 71
Wedgwood, Julia (Snow; niece), 119, 190, 214
Westminster Abbey, 220, 226
Wilberforce, Bishop Samuel, 193–94
Wordsworth, William, 15
Charles Darwin’s list of marriage pros and cons
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Portrait of Emma Darwin painted by George Richmond (1840)
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Maer Hall, Emma’s childhood home (present-day photograph)
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Portrait of Charles Darwin painted by George Richmond (1840)
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The Mount, Charles’s childhood home
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Charles and William, 1842
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Annie’s grave (present-day photograph)
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Annie, 1849
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Henrietta, c. 1852
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George, 1851
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Emma and Lenny, c. 1854
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Title page, The Origin of Species, first edition
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Emma and Charles Waring, c. 1857
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From left to right: Leonard, Henrietta, Horace, Emma, Elizabeth, Frances, and a visitor at Down House
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The Sandwalk
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Down House (present-day photograph)
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Charles Darwin, 1880
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Darwin’s signature, 1879: It was unusual for him to sign his full name.
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Square Fish
discussion guide
Charles and Emma
by Deborah Heiligman
Reading Level: Grades 7 and up
Discussion Questions
1. What does it say about Charles’s character that he made a pro/con list to decide whether he should get married or not?
Charles and Emma Page 24