by Kate Stewart
NEWSPAPERS AND NEWSLETTERS
Jewish Tribune (San Francisco)
Library of Congress Information Bulletin
Local News, A News-Symposium of the Library of Congress Professional Guild, AFSCME Local 2910
Nevada State Journal
Oakland Tribune
Seattle Times
The Transcript (Seattle, formerly the Jewish Transcript)
Washington Informer
Washington Post
ARTICLES
“Ale & Quail Society Active in Host of Press Club Affairs.” Gentleman of the Press (newsletter of the Washington State Press Club), October 1951. Accessed via JackGordon.org on October 25, 2018. http://www.jackgordon.org/WashPressClub/AleQuailHistory.htm.
Burawoy, Michael, and Jonathan VanAntwerpen. Berkeley Sociology: Past, Present and Future, November 2001. http://burawoy.berkeley.edu/PS/Berkeley%20Sociology.pdf.
Danton, J. Periam. “The Functions of a Graduate School of Librarianship,” California Librarian 15 (March 1954): pp. 157–60.
Deery, Phillip. “‘A Blot Upon Liberty’: McCarthyism, Dr. Barsky and the Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee.” American Communist History 8, no. 2 (2009): pp. 167–96. https://doi.org/10.1080/14743890903335948.
Dvorak, Petula. “Proof of Gifts That Come When Generations Mingle.” Washington Post, November 23, 2010.
DW staff. “Leipzig Celebrates Long Literary History.” DW, March 13, 2008. http://www.dw.de/leipzig-celebrates-long-literary-history/a-3185443.
Engelmann, Larry. “Rise and Fall of the American Mayor of Saigon.” Pushing On (blog), April 3, 2012. http://lde421.blogspot.com/2012/04/rise-and-fall-of-american-mayor-of.html.
Fiske, Marjorie. “Book Selection and Retention in California Public and School Libraries,” edited by J. Periam Danton. Papers presented at Climate of Book Selection: Social Influences on School and Public Libraries (symposium), University of California, July 10–12, 1958.
Harmelin, Wilhelm. “Jews in the Leipzig Fur Industry.” Leo Baeck Institute Year Book 9, no. 1 (January 1964): pp. 239–66. https://doi.org/10.1093/leobaeck/9.1.239.
Hess, Bill. “Holocaust Survivor Who Hates Cats Winds Up Living with One.” No Cats Allowed! (blog), January 16, 2009. http://nocatsallowed.blogspot.com/2009/01/holocaust-survivor-who-hates-cats-winds.html.
“Hilde Schocken Mann.” Seattle Times, August 14–15, 2007. Obituary. Accessed via Legacy.com, October 25, 2018. http://www.legacy.com/obituaries/seattletimes/obituary.aspx?n=hilde-schocken-mann&pid=92601843.
Kayiran, Zeki. “In Memoriam: Dr. Mohammad Gamal Mostafa.” Orange County Branch Newsletter, August 2011. American Society of Civil Engineers. http://www.asceoc.org/newsletter/article/in_memoriam_mostafa.
Knowlton, Stephen A. “Three Decades Since Prejudices and Antipathies: A Study of Changes in the Library of Congress Subject Headings,” Cataloging and Classification Quarterly 40, no. 2 (2005).
Lowenthal, David. “Out of the Box and into the Archives.” Continuum: The Magazine of the University of Minnesota Libraries, Fall 2008.
Mediavilla, Cindy. “The War on Books and Ideas: The California Library Association and Anti-Communist Censorship in the 1940s and 1950s,” Library Trends 46, no. 2 (Fall 1997): pp. 331–47.
Moran, Caitlin Keefe. “In Praise of Difficult Women: The Forgotten Work of Nancy Hale.” The Toast, September 23, 2014.
Taylor, Quintard. “Swing the Door Wide: World War II Wrought a Profound Transformation in Seattle’s Black Community.” Columbia: The Magazine of Northwest History 9, no. 2 (Summer 1995).
Thorin, Suzanne E., and Robert Wedgeworth. “The Librarians of Congress: Past and Future.” American Libraries. https://americanlibrariesmagazine.org/librarians-of-congress/.
PERSONAL COLLECTIONS
Bartis, Peter
Cohen, Sig
Horchler, Gabe
Kerst, Catherine Hiebert
Rosner, Guy
Rubinstein, Mark
AUTHOR CORRESPONDENCE/INTERVIEWS
Allison, A. A.
Blumenthal, Kersti
Cohen, Sig
Cohn, Hillel
Dehner, Nolan
Elsasser, Kay
Gamble, Raymond
Hudson, Joe
Kelsey, Ann
Kerst, Catherine Hiebert
Rosner, Guy
Rubinstein, Mark
Rubinstein, Michael
Sittig, Bill
Solnik, Laurie
Strickland, Nell
Vietnam Vets Reading Survey, conducted by author, 2013–2014
Wiley, Darro
Yee, Thompson
Young, Peter
Zula, Floyd
ORAL HISTORIES AND INTERVIEWS
Carney, Janice. Interview by Laura M. Calkin. OH0426. Vietnam Archive, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (May 24, June 6–8, 2005).
Danton, J. Periam. “Dean and Professor at UC Berkeley’s School of Librarianship, 1946–1976.” Interviews by Laura McCreery (1999) and Mary Hanel (1993). The Regents of the University of California, 2000.
Kelsey, Ann. Interview by Steve Maxner. Vietnam Archive, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas (March 27, 2001).
Mosher, Fredric J. Reference and Rare Books: Three Decades at UC Berkeley’s School of Librarianship, 1950–1981. Library School Oral History Series. The Regents of the University of California, 2000.
Peter Robert Young Collection. Veterans History Project. AFC/2001/001/66648. American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
Ruth Rappaport Oral History. 2010.374. United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM), Washington, DC.
Shechter, Hillel. Testimony about Jewish life in Leipzig during the 1930s. Shoah Research Center, Yad Vashem, 03. 9059.
Veteran Librarians. With Fran Buckley and William Sittig. Veterans History Project. American Folklife Center, Library of Congress. https://www.loc.gov/today/cyberlc/feature_wdesc.php?rec=3821.
William John Sittig Collection. Veterans History Project. AFC/2001/001/25883. American Folklife Center, Library of Congress, Washington, DC.
TELEVISION SHOWS
White, Joshua, dir. Seinfeld. “The Library,” season 3, episode 5. Written by Larry David. Aired October 16, 1991, on NBC.
VIDEOS
Department of the Army Overseas Recruitment Center. “Special Services: Where the Action Is.” Recruitment video. 1970. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=piyqtiosYYw.
WEBSITES
Ancestry.com
“Emil Carlebach—Lebenslauf.” politische Häftlinge im Gefängnis Hameln [Political prisoners in Hameln prison], Hamelns Geschichte—abseits vom Rattenfänger [Hameln’s story: away from the pied piper]. http://www.gelderblom-hameln.de/zuchthaus/nszeit/gefaengnis/carlebach.html.
Kadosh, Sara. “Nettie Sutro-Katzenstein.” In Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia. Jewish Women’s Archive, online edition. Accessed October 8, 2018. http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sutro-katzenstein-nettie.
“Mission, Vision & Programs.” Amara. Accessed October 25, 2018. https://amaraputskidsfirst.org/mission-vision-programs/.
Schoenherr, Steven. “Cold War Spies.” History Department. University of San Diego. http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/20th/coldwarspies.html (inactive). Archived on July 23, 2018 at https://web.archive.org/web/20180723184037/http://history.sandiego.edu/gen/20th/coldwarspies.html.
Wawrzyn, Heidemarie. “Leipzig—Introduction.” Destroyed German Synagogues and Communities. http://germansynagogues.com/index.php/synagogues-and-communities?pid=59&sid=811:leipzig-introduction.
Notes
PROLOGUE
1. Petula Dvorak, “Proof of Gifts That Come When Generations Mingle,” Washington Post, November 23, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/11/22/AR2010112207165.html.
2. Ruth Rappaport oral history, interview by Gail Schwartz (accession number 2010.374), Jeff and Toby Herr Oral History Archive, United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, Washington, DC, https:/
/collections.ushmm.org/search/catalog/irn42274 (hereafter cited as RR oral history, USHMM; additional sources from the Ruth Rappaport Collection, 2012.431.1, at the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum are hereafter cited with RRC, USHMM).
3. Seinfeld, “The Library,” season 3, episode 5, directed by Joshua White, written by Larry David, aired October 16, 1991, on NBC.
CHAPTER 1
1. Mendel Rappaport records, International Tracing Service, OBE-RIW/1526, USHMM. This area would later be ceded to Romania and is now in the Chernivtsi Oblast of Ukraine.
2. RR oral history, USHMM.
3. Mendel Rappaport city registration form, Saxony State Archives, Leipzig, Germany.
4. Postcard from Mendel Rappaport to his parents, November 14, 1918, Guy Rosner personal collection.
5. Mendel Rappaport city registration form, Saxony State Archives; emails from Guy Rosner to author, March 9, 2017, and March 11, 2017.
6. Akten Polizeiamts der Stadt Leipzig, Joel Leib Rubinstein file, 1/79 STA Leipzig Polizeipräsidium Leipzig –S- Nr. 3207, Saxony State Archives, Leipzig, Germany.
7. Mark Rubinstein, in discussion with the author, July 5, 2013. Mark said his father, Sam (Carl’s son), told him this story but later denied it.
8. Restitution documentation records, March 24, 1959, RRC, USHMM; marriage certificate for Mendel Rappaport and Chaja Rubinstein, October 4, 1922, Saxony State Archives, Leipzig, Germany.
9. Heidemarie Wawrzyn, “Leipzig—Introduction,” Destroyed German Synagogues and Communities (website), accessed October 8, 2018, http://germansynagogues.com/index.php/synagogues-and-communities?pid=59&sid=811:leipzig-introduction.
10. Robert Allen Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, Germany under Nazism, Communism and Democracy: Politics and Identity in the 20th Century (Lewiston: Edwin Mellon Press, 2011), pp. 17–21.
11. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, p. 22.
12. “Leipzig—4 Apels Garten (Originally 6–8 Otto Schiller Strasse), Ez Chaim Synagogue,” Destroyed German Synagogues and Communities (website), accessed October 8, 2018, http://germansynagogues.com/index.php/synagogues-and-communities?pid=64&sid=812:leipzig-4-apels-garten-originally-6-8-otto-schiller-strasse-ez-chaim-synagogue.
13. Ruth Rappaport diary, January 12, 1941, Ruth Rappaport Collection (RRC), United States Holocaust Memorial Museum (USHMM) (hereafter cited, along with the date of entry, as RR diary).
14. RR oral history, USHMM.
15. RR diary, November 16, 1941.
16. Sig Cohen and Laurie Solnik, in discussion with the author, April 16, 2013.
17. Ruth Rappaport, “Curriculum Vita,” written for restitution documentation records, circa 1958, RRC, USHMM.
18. RR oral history, USHMM.
19. RR oral history, USHMM.
20. Personal documents folder, RRC, USHMM.
21. RR diary, April 20, 1939.
22. RR oral history, USHMM.
23. Letter from Ruth Rappaport to “Whom It May Concern,” undated, concerning Miriam Schneider’s will, Peter Bartis personal collection.
24. DW staff, “Leipzig Celebrates Long Literary History,” DW, March 13, 2008, http://www.dw.de/leipzig-celebrates-long-literary-history/a-3185443.
25. RR oral history, USHMM.
26. Sabine Knopf, Der Leipziger Gutenbergweg: Geschichte und Topographie einer Buchstadt [The Leipzig Gutenberg path: history and topography of a book city] (Beucha, Germany: Sax-Verlag, 2001), p. 191.
27. RR oral history, USHMM.
CHAPTER 2
1. RR oral history, USHMM. Hitler made many visits to Leipzig during his time in power; it is unclear when exactly Ruth saw him.
2. Acceptance letter, April 25, 1933, restitution documentation records, RRC, USHMM.
3. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, pp. 38–39.
4. Ruth Rappaport, “Curriculum Vita,” circa 1958, RRC, USHMM. Ruth did not explain why she had to briefly return to her elementary school after Jews were banned; perhaps it was because of overcrowding.
5. RR oral history, USHMM.
6. Hillel Shechter, testimony, Yad Vashem Archive, no. 03 9059, Yad Vashem [The World Holocaust Remembrance Center], Jerusalem, Israel, http://www.yadvashem.org/odot_pdf/Microsoft%20Word%20-%203324.pdf.
7. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, pp. 39–40.
8. Report cards, personal documents, 1929–1938, RRC, USHMM.
9. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
10. RR diary, May 27, 1939.
11. RR oral history, USHMM.
12. Letter from Der Regierungspräsident der Entschädigungsbehörde [District Governor of the Reparations Authority] to United Restitution Organization (URO), June 12, 1963, restitution documentation records, RRC, USHMM.
13. RR diary, May 27, 1939.
14. Restitution documentation records, March 24, 1959, RRC, USHMM.
15. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, p. 63.
16. Jan-Pieter Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany: Books in the Media Dictatorship (New York City: Bloomsbury, 2010), pp. 23–25.
17. Hans Jürgen Friederici, “Bücherverbote und Bücherverbannung in der Buchstadt Leipzig” [Book bans and book banishment in the book city of Leipzig], Verbrannt, verboten, verbannt. Vergessen? [Burned, forbidden, exiled. Forgotten?], Kolloquium zum 60. Jahrestag der Bücherverbrennung von 1933 (Leipzig, Germany: Rosa-Luxemburg-Verein, 1995), p. 33.
18. “Lesung zum tag der Bücherverbrennung 1933” [Reading on the day of the book burning, 1933], May 25, 2016, https://www.sachsen-fernsehen.de/lesung-zum-tag-der-buecherverbrennung-1933-266068/.
19. RR oral history, USHMM.
20. Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany, pp. 13–14.
21. Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany, p. 180.
22. Barbian, The Politics of Literature in Nazi Germany, p. 13.
23. Guenter Lewy, Harmful and Undesirable: Book Censorship in Nazi Germany (New York City: Oxford University Press, 2016), pp. 37–38.
24. RR diary, July 8, 1939.
CHAPTER 3
1. RR oral history, USHMM.
2. RR oral history, USHMM.
3. Letter from Jakob Gross to the Rappaport family, May 1, 1938, RRC, USHMM.
4. Ruth Rappaport, “Curriculum Vita,” circa 1958, RRC, USHMM.
5. Guy Rosner, in discussion with the author, July 28, 2014.
6. RR oral history, USHMM.
7. RR diary, April 30, 1939.
8. The Chaluzisch movement was a Zionist pioneer movement.
9. RR diary, May 27, 1939.
10. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
11. Leo Rubinstein, US naturalization record, 1942, Ancestry.com; 1/79 STA Leipzig Polizeipräsidium Leipzig –S- number 3207, Saxony State Archives, Leipzig, Germany; Sarah Deborah Rubinstein file, Landeshilanstalt Altscherbitz Mental Hospital records 20047, file 03814, Saxony State Archives.
12. RR diary, December 31, 1936. The Miriam mentioned here is probably a friend, not Ruth’s sister Mirjam.
13. RR diary, April 20, 1939, and January 8, 1940.
14. RR diary, April 20, 1939.
15. RR diary, April 20, 1939.
16. RR diary, April 20, 1939.
17. RR diary, May 27, 1939.
18. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, pp. 43–49.
19. RR oral history, USHMM.
20. RR diary, December 31, 1941.
21. RR diary, May 5, 1941.
22. RR oral history, USHMM.
23. RR oral history, USHMM.
CHAPTER 4
1. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, pp. 88–99.
2. RR oral history, USHMM.
3. RR oral history, USHMM.
4. Willingham, Jews in Leipzig, p. 100.
5. RR oral history, USHMM.
6. RR oral history, USHMM.
CHAPTER 5
1. Ruth Rappaport, “Curriculum Vita,” circa 1958, RRC, USHMM.
2. Email from Angela Ruider (of the Zurich City Archives) to author, September 9, 2014.
3. RR diary, April 25, 1939.
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4. RR diary, April 25, 1939.
5. RR oral history, USHMM.
6. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
7. RR diary, May 10, 1939.
8. “Unter der Fahne der Heilsarmee” [Under the Salvation Army Flag], annual report for 1938, Switzerland National Salvation Army Headquarters, Bern, Switzerland.
9. Richard Röschard to SHEK, November 22, 1938, records of the Schweizer Hilfswerk für Emigrantenkinder [Swiss Aid Society for Immigrant Children], J2.55#1000/1246#132*, Pj-Ric, Ruth Rappaport file, Swiss Federal Archives (in citations hereafter, the Schweizer Hilfswerk für Emigrantenkinder, Swiss National Archives, Bern, Switzerland, will be referred to simply as SHEK).
10. Jewish Women: A Comprehensive Historical Encyclopedia, s.v. “Nettie Sutro-Katzenstein,” by Sara Kadosh, accessed October 8, 2018, http://jwa.org/encyclopedia/article/sutro-katzenstein-nettie.
11. Ruth Westheimer, All in a Lifetime (New York City: Grand Central Publishing, 1987); “300 Kinder Aktion” file, 1938–1939, SHEK.
12. Letter from Dr. Bertha Keller to Richard Röschard, December 7, 1938, Ruth Rappaport file, records of SHEK.
CHAPTER 6
1. Lore Segal, Other People’s Houses (New York City: New American Library, 1964).
2. Letter from Richard Röschard to Dr. Bertha Keller, December 28, 1938, Ruth Rappaport file, records of SHEK.
3. Letter from Dr. Bertha Keller to Richard Röschard, January 2, 1939, Ruth Rappaport file, records of SHEK.
4. Letter from Richard Röschard to Dr. Bertha Keller, January 6, 1939, Ruth Rappaport file, records of SHEK.
5. Some refugee children in Zurich were restricted from attending public schools, although some schools were created specifically for them at orphanages and camps. See Elsa Castendyck, “Refugee Children in Europe,” Social Service Review (University of Chicago Press) 13, no. 4 (1939): p. 595.
6. Letter from Ruth Rappaport to Carl Rubinstein, February 17, 1939, personal documents, RRC, USHMM.
7. RR diary, May 4, 1939.
8. Email from Angela Ruider (of the Zurich City Archives) to author, September 9, 2014.
9. RR diary, May 4, 1939.
10. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
11. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
12. RR diary, April 25, 1939.
13. RR diary, April 25, 1939.
14. RR diary, May 1, 1939.
15. RR diary, May 8, 1939.
CHAPTER 7
1. RR diary, April 20, 1939.