by Nick Hornby
29 Frontier Psychiatrist
the Avalanches
30 No Fun/Push It
Soulwax
This, then, is the contemporary musical world – a world wherein no one plays or sings a note, but where new music is indisputably and unambiguously created nevertheless. I once presumed that nothing good – nothing great, anyway – could come out of the mixing and matching and scratching and cutting and pasting, and this was true while the approach of the cutters and pasters remained essentially plagiaristic: the contribution that, say, Eric B & Rakim made to their version of ‘I Know You Got Soul’ was minimal – it’s Bobby Byrd’s bassline and beat that define the track.
And any musical response that you might have to Puff Daddy’s ‘I’ll Be Missing You’ is actually a response to The Police’s pretty riff. You can admire the taste and the cheek, but not the creativity: to create music – to create any art – is surely to pull something out of thin air, to produce something where there was previously nothing.
But now the cutters and pasters have upped the ante. The Avalanches use so many samples to create something so indisputably their own that to accuse them of plagiarism is pointless: you may as well make the same case against a writer whose books contain words that other writers have used before. The Fugees copy great chunks of Marley and Roberta Flack out into their notebooks, and their achievement is all the smaller because of it: the music is overfamiliar, and in any case they don’t do anything with it or to it, they alter neither the flavour of it nor the melodic shape of it, subtly or otherwise, in order to make it become something else. Similarly, when R&B singer Angie Stone borrows the riff from ‘Back Stabbers’ for her song ‘Wish I Didn’t Miss You’, it strikes me as nothing other than an admission of creative bankruptcy, and a vague hope that someone else’s genius – and our recognition of it – will carry her through to the end of the track. Somehow we have managed to convince ourselves that this is simply what happens now, as if expecting a songwriter to write a whole new fucking three-minute tune is square.
But the Avalanches use scraps of things you have never heard in ways that you couldn’t have imagined; the result is that they have, effectively, created something from nothing. ‘Frontier Psychiatrist’ consists of a beat, scraps of dialogue from old movies, a few daft noises, and a horn riff pinched from an old and presumably unfunky Bert Kaempfert record; from this unpromising material the Avalanches have created something that builds to a climax and rocks. (They even manage to find a rhyme in two unconnected lines of dialogue.) It’s reminiscent of Peter Bogdanovich’s film Targets, which was bolted together from, among other things, an old horror movie and a couple of days’ work that Boris Karloff owed the producers: there’s a similar sense of undaunted resourcefulness, the same determination to make the incoherent cohere – and cohere into something new – through talent and a simple force of will. ‘Frontier Psychiatrist’ is funny, but also vaguely disquieting, because it creates a mood that you haven’t quite heard before (always disorienting in pop music, which you can usually count on for emotional familiarity): Kaempfert’s almost comically melodramatic horns mean that there’s this weird mock-heroic thing going on, a sort of pomposity that is undercut by the frivolity of the other sounds layered over them, but I’m not sure that this is why the track sounds odd. I suspect that the oddness comes about because, just as robots cannot feel love, music that has been produced from this number of samples cannot yet induce any recognition of mood in the listener. There was, one suspects, no one overwhelming sentiment that inspired it, and no particular response expected; this is music created for the hell of it, and it shows.
This is not to suggest that ‘Frontier Psychiatrist’ is without merit or achievement, because it’s not. Indeed, something that’s made with this degree of patience is awe-inspiring, in a way: something like, say, ‘Yesterday’, which is supposed to have come to Paul McCartney in a dream, and seemed so familiar to him that he thought it must have already been written, seems almost unearned by comparison. But if most music is about self-expression, then the self expressed during its composition and performance is invariably a feeling self (even if that feeling is alienation, or ennui, or confusion) and it’s disorienting to hear something as emotionally imprecise as this. Maybe we’ll become used to it, and learn how to translate and interpret songs drawn from a bewildering number of sources; or maybe collagistes like the Avalanches will be able to refine their art, and make the music they make fit the moods we know. I kind of hope not, as long as people go on making music the straightforward way.
Meanwhile the bootleg phenomenon, whereby DJs slice a couple of songs lengthways and lay one on top of the other, begins to look like the most cheerfully nihilistic musical movement since punk – although as even punks had the sweetly old-fashioned urge to create their own music, you could argue that they only paid lip-service to the ideals of nihilism. People like Soulwax and Freelance Hellraiser (who fused, with unpredictably brilliant results, Christina Aguilera and The Strokes) are telling us that it’s finished; they’re using the scraps we have left for firewood, so that we have something to huddle round while the hell of the modern musical world freezes over. I’m not sure I agree with them, but Soulwax’s Too Many DJs is compulsive listening anyway, and the decision to pair up Salt ’N’ Pepa’s energy with The Stooges’ ferocity was especially smart, a music fan’s dream: squashing hip-hop on to garage punk is like those arguments boys used to have about what would happen if Spider-Man and Superman teamed up. If you think about it, bootlegging is more democratic than punk. Yes, we could all go out, steal a guitar and learn our three chords, but most of us would still have sounded more like Ed Banger and The Nosebleeds than The Clash; this way allows those of us who have no talent but love our music nevertheless to create something that sounds great. All you need is software, a pair of ears, and great taste: finally, the true genius that is fandom has been recognized.
31 Pissing in a River
Patti Smith’s show at the Union Chapel in Islington, just down the road from where I live, came at the end of a good week. It was hot, a little island of brightness and warmth in the middle of a grey, wet British summer; I was enjoying my work, adapting a book I loved with a good friend, and we were getting on well and producing something we were proud of; Danny’s bad stomach had temporarily cleared up, and he was as sunny as the weather.
And Patti Smith was just great. I hadn’t expected much; it was an acoustic show, a fund-raiser for the beautiful chapel, and it featured poetry and an auction (half an hour before hitting a whole series of musical peaks, Smith was attempting to flog off a couple of roof tiles and an autographed drumstick). I had presumed that, at best, there’d be a little flash of phosphorus and we’d be given a glimpse of what made her great, once upon a time. I certainly didn’t anticipate seeing a riveting, inspiring, occasionally chaotic performance which never once suggested that Patti’s best days were behind her.
One of the things you can’t help but love about Smith is her relentless and incurable bohemianism, her unassuaged thirst for everything connected to art and books and music. In this one evening she namechecked Virginia Woolf and Tom Verlaine, William Blake and Jerry Garcia, Graham Greene and William Burroughs; Peter Ackroyd even got a dedication, a thank you for his biography of Blake and his history of London. (One doesn’t want to be snooty, but I’m guessing that you get a shorter bibliography at, say, a Bryan Adams show.) I began this book by writing about ‘Thunder Road’, and there is a sense in which, despite their collaboration on ‘Because the Night’, it’s right that Springsteen and Smith should be at opposite ends of a book, because there is a sense in which they are at opposite ends of a certain musical spectrum. It is not hard to detect in Springsteen’s work or in interviews with him an anxiety about how he earns his living, a constant questioning: Am I entitled to this? Can I represent people while at the same time standing in front of them? How will this look, how do I sound? And these questions are important, at least to him, as ma
ybe they should be to anyone who is paid good money to express themselves, but they can be a little constricting. Smith, meanwhile, clearly doesn’t give much of a shit. I don’t mean to imply that she is irresponsible – her political engagement is evidence to the contrary, and during the Union Chapel show she rapped hypnotically about the foolishness of a possible war on Iraq – nor that she is self-indulgent (although I heard later of one writer who walked out of the show, appalled by the poetry – which from a Leavisite point of view is understandable, but which misses the point of Smith as a beatnik, an instigator of Happenings, one of the last keepers of the countercultural flame). It’s just that she seems blissfully untroubled about her status as an artist: she just is one, and it requires no further contemplation on her part.
I couldn’t remember having heard ‘Pissing in a River’ before, or if I had, it had made no impression on me. That night, however, as Smith hit the electrifying declamatory climax of the song – ‘Everything I’ve done, I’ve done for you / Oh, I’d give my life for you’ – swaying in the blue light, with the church pulpit and the beautiful stained-glass windows behind her, you could feel the whole audience fall in love with her, and the song, and the evening. It was one of those rare moments – miraculous, in the context of a rock show – which make you grateful for the music you know, the music you have yet to hear, the books you have read and are going to read, maybe even the life you live. You can’t ask much more than that of your twenty-five quid (chapel renovations included). And though it’s too much to expect an epiphany of this kind on a regular basis, it seems to mc a worthwhile thing to pitch for.
It’s easy, in fact, to get carried away after an experience like that – to demand Smith’s kind of commitment and fiery vision from all music. ‘I don’t care who you listen to, or how good they are,’ you want to say to kids who are about to embark on a lifetime of listening, ‘just make sure that whoever it is means it, that they’re burning up in their desperation to communicate whatever it is they want to say.’ But that’s not how popular music always works. Gerry Goffin and Carole King sat in an office in the Brill Building and treated songwriting as a day job; they bashed out ‘Up On The Roof’ and ‘Will You Love Me Tomorrow?’ because they needed hit records. And I doubt whether Bjorn and Benny would have self-combusted if ‘Dancing Queen’ had gone unwritten and unrecorded – it’s a great song, but it doesn’t sound as though anyone’s life depended on it. Pop’s indifference to motive and conviction is one of its joys. (And in any case, one can think of dozens of bands or singers whose artistic ambition is boundless, who are almost consumed by the importance of their work, but whose songs stink.)
Even so, listening to ‘Dancing Queen’ is unlikely to leave you wanting to read, or write, or paint, or go to a gallery, or run fast, and that’s the effect Smith had on this member of the audience (and, I suspect, on quite a few others). That kind of inspiration is rare, in any area of the arts. And yet now I see that this book is going to end here – because I wanted to try and surf out on the high I felt during the gig, in another attempt to get music to do something that words can’t – I’m a little ambivalent about it: maybe it’s a little too High Culture, what with Woolf and Blake and Ackroyd and the chapel and all. Maybe I should close with ‘Papa-Oom-Mow-Mow’ or ‘Surfin’ Bird’ or ‘I Hate You So Much Right Now’. On the other hand, the song was called ‘Pissing in a River’; and it was played on guitars, and it lasted four or five minutes, and its emotional effects depended entirely on its chords and its chorus and its attitude. It’s a pop song, in other words, and like a lot of other pop songs, it’s capable of just about anything.
… and 14 albums
1 It’s a Mann’s World: Melodies for a Darker Mood
June 2000
Every month, on a page entitled ‘All Back to My Place’, the English rock magazine Mojo asks two or three celebrities about their listening habits. It’s an unmissable feature – surely everyone wants to know what Spike Lee’s favourite album is (it’s a toss-up between Innervisions and What’s Going On, or what Sporty Spice sings in the shower (her own songs, as it happens). This month, Ron Mael, from the campy and slightly annoying seventies art-rock band Sparks, answers the question ‘What music are you currently grooving to?’ thus:
‘Grooving may not be the most precise definition of my connection to my current musical choices since grooving is usually reserved for pop music and it’s quite evident that quality pop music is among the dearly departed. So I’m currently “grooving” to Duke Ellington’s Live at Newport, Prokofiev’s Romeo and Juliet …’
The view is not uncommon, particularly among erstwhile pop musicians of a Certain Age, who seem to have abandoned rock ‘n’ roll and taken up jazz, or classical music, for reasons I can only guess at: Prokofiev! Ellington! Take that, Hanson and Wu-Tang Clan fans! (One feels an irresistible urge to point out that, even if pop music is ‘among the dearly departed’, Russian Romanticism isn’t really happening right now, either.) But if Mr Mael’s view means anything at all, it must be in its assumption that pop music is dead in the way that fiction is supposed to be dead – that both have been superseded by new technologies or by other art forms. Nobody sees pop music (or fiction) as tools of the revolution; no one expects them to change the world.
Meanwhile, good, talented musicians continue to make albums that people continue to listen to and good, talented authors continue to write novels that people continue to read. In the last few months, there has been terrific new music by the Eels, Kelis, Angie Stone, Neal Casal, Magnetic-Fields, Michael Penn, Elliott Smith, Fiona Apple, Josh Rouse … For the most part, this is unshowy, old-fashioned, verse/chorus/verse music, the kind the Beatles or Marvin Gaye or Jackson Browne used to make. All that’s missing is the shock of the new – a significant absence, admittedly, but then, if the guitar-based three-minute song is to survive, there is bound to be a period like this one, when it just settles into its skin and becomes a means of expression like any other.
The trouble is that pop doesn’t know how to sell itself in this way. Aimee Mann is a fine, occasionally brilliant singer-songwriter, nothing more, nothing less, and this plainness of purpose has cost her dearly over the last fifteen, mostly calamitous, years. During the first stage of her career, her band, ’Til Tuesday, had only one hit, the very eighties synthpop tune ‘Voices Carry’. She hated it, took over the band, and, in then making two wonderful Beatles-tinged pop-rock records. Welcome Home and Everything’s Different Now (both bombed), drove it into oblivion. There was then a five-year hiatus before she produced her first solo album, Whatever, but just as it was released her record company lost its major distributor; she transferred to Geffen, but it was soon taken over by Seagram, and she ended up having to buy her new recordings back. This resulted in yet another gap, of three years, before the next album. Mann has felt bitter and cursed, and many of her songs are expressions of her anger at the music-business executives who, she believes, have hampered her career. ‘All you wanna do is something good,’ she sang on the last track of her 1996 solo album, I’m With Stupid (the title was itself a sly dig at her employers), ‘so get ready to be ridiculed and misunderstood/’Cause don’t you know that you’re a fucking freak in this world?’ Self-pity has rarely sounded so attractive.
Part of Mann’s trouble is that, though she writes her own songs and sings them, she is not what we’ve come to expect a female singer-songwriter to be. She plays guitar, not piano, but she is not one of the lads, like Sheryl Crow; she is outspoken rather than introspective, which means that she has little in common with the Carole King school; and she is much too grown-up and circumspect to want to bare her pain in the way that Tori Amos and Fiona Apple do. Earth mother, rocker, fruitcake – these are the jobs rock music has for white adult women at the moment, and as Mann has shown no interest in applying for any of them (she’s had her eye on Paul McCartney’s nice, comfortable office for some time), she has found herself marginalized.
Now, suddenly, life is looking up
, thanks in no small measure to Paul Thomas Anderson, the director of Magnolia, who built a couple of the movie’s set pieces around Mann’s music, wrote dialogue from the opening couplet of one of her songs, and then handed the soundtrack album over to her. In the liner notes, he explains how, in making the movie, he merely ‘sat down to write an adaptation of Aimee Mann songs’. Mann was not, it turned out, as unrecognized and undervalued as she had believed; indeed, she was nominated for an Oscar this year. (She didn’t win, of course. Phil Collins did – a hilarious instance of cloth-eared injustice, which is good news for those who love Mann’s brand of exquisitely tuneful complaint.) Right on the heels of the Magnolia soundtrack, she has another album – like London buses, you wait for three years and two turn up at once. Bachelor No. 2 was to have been available only on the Internet (such modest hopes being typical of Mann’s despair), but the renewed interest in her work is so great that you can now walk into a record store and buy it. What have things come to when the ability to purchase a CD over the counter by one of America’s sparkiest musical talents is a cause for celebration?