The image that is repeated in these earthworks and is identified with ‘beginning’ is the picture of the
world enveloped in the primeval waters from which arises the primordial mound. In the theology of
Egypt, this mound gave birth to 8 deities, known as the Ogdoad. These deities placed an egg on the
mound that would be the birth of the Sun-God. There is some dispute on whether this was Thoth or
Amum, but the important concept is that they were both represented as birds.
Egyptian Ogdoad
The story in the Bible of Noah is similar in that 8 people survive the flood in a world inundated with
water and they send out a bird that brings back evidence of a mound springing from the waters. Noah
is identified with the number 8 in Peter 2:5 “And he spared not the old world, but saved Noah the
eighth person” In Hebraic writings it said that Noah kept the giant Og alive and fed him from a hole
that he made in the roof. Since Og is an ancient Sun God, this story is even closer to the original
Egyptian creation story.
This image of God , seated in the north sky occurs several times in the Bible. This originates from
the north-star that never moves in the night sky, yet all of the other stars spin around it. These stars are
more specifically the Little Dipper, or Ursa Minor. The seven stars of the dipper are terminated at the
north-star. This 8th star was seen as the sanctuary of God, that all others revolved around. This 8 stages
of heaven is still referred to today when someone says “they are in 7th heaven” they are actually making
a reference to long lost concept of God residing in the night sky at the north-star. The name El for
God, which meant “Strong One,” and its subsequent usage in words like Jeruselum, Bethel, Ezekiel
has its etymological roots in the Sumerian word “Ool” which meant “to spin.” Ool was in reference to
the stars spinning around the North-star. It was El, the “Strong One” who held up and turned the fabric
of the heavens with his great strength. The Egyptians held sacred the rolling beatle for this same
reason. Ool, is the root of our present word “roll” and the “eel.”
The number 8 repeats itself many times within the earthworks in the Ohio Valley. The octagon at Newark is aligned to the minimum and maximum moon sets and rises. The octagon and the number 8 represent, “birth,” or “resurrection,” and tied to the prehistoric belief that the moon was the “keeper of souls.” The May 1st alignment of the henge with the bird effigy in its center is symbolic of the Earth Mother. The square earthwork is also an earth Mother symbol. The henge is 1250 feet in diameter, representing the largest henge constructed by the Allegewi Hopewell. The largest henge in Britain was at Avebury that also measured 1250 in diameter.
666, 1080, 555 ,33 and 8 are prominent in the ancient world of the Amorites, Babylonians and the
Greeks. It is also found within the measurements of the earthworks of the mound builders of the Ohio
Valley. If we are to believe that the Amorite giants migrated to North America and were the builders
of the earthworks in Ohio. Then, is it not probable that complex mathematics and gematria that originated in Babylon and was used by the Amorites, would also be be present in the Ohio Valley?
Allegewi-Hopewell Numerology and Gematria
The evidence of a religious cult based on numerology is theorized on the occurrence of certain
lengths or numbers within the Allegewi Hopewell earthworks. These various lengths appear with such
regularity to conclude that the earthworks were methodically measured using both simple and complex
mathematics in conjunction with a numerical canon that specified the lengths and diameters of various
circles and square earthworks, prior to their construction. Certain numbers or lengths must have
exposed hidden words, phrases or images. In other words, numbers in of themselves held sacred
meanings and attributes that were encompassed within the construction of an earthwork. The
earthworks were then, not only held sacred within their shape and function, but also the numbers or
lengths used in their construction
The foot is a standard measurement throughout history each version being within about an inch or so
from one another. There is however, what was called the Olympian foot from Greece that is identical
to our standard foot. Since the Greeks adopted the use of Gematria and the alphabet from the
Amorites, this may have been where this measurement was diffused to the British Isles and North
America. The question of measurements of the earthworks in the Ohio Valley being 660, 666, 1080,
555, 33 is not mathematically possible without the mound builders having the identical form of
measurement in the use today, of the foot, the rod of 16.5 feet and the furlong of 660 feet.
. William Romain, author of the, Mysteries of the Hopewell, Astronomers, Geometers, and Magicians
of the Eastern Woodlands, 2000, examined the mathematical relationships between the circles and
square earthworks and octagons and shows the complex arithmetic that was utilized in their
construction. Romain explains the spatial relationships of these earthworks in mathematical formulas
and shows that the Allegewi and Hopewell knew how to “square a circle,” meaning the square and
circle had equal perimeters. Also, they understood nested squares, where the diagonal of a square earthwork conjoined with a circular earthwork had a corresponding diameter. The Allegewi Hopewell
earthen octagons are also explained geometrically as formulated from truncated squares and the
mathematics involved in the making of these imposing earthworks.
This investigation explores the lengths, diameters and circumferences of earthworks and the contexts
in which certain numbers reoccur. It is within these repeating numbers that a knowledge of
multiplication, division, pi and square roots becomes apparent. The numbers or lengths
that occur with the most regularity within Allegewi and Hopewell works are 3, 30, 33,120, 210, 212,
215, 240, 250, 420, 660, 666, 555, 1050,1080, 800, 1720 and 8. The interrelation of these lengths
within the earthworks reveals the meanings of the symbolism contained within the earthworks shapes
and their function.
Theoretically, the numerical codex used by the Allegewi Hopewell was that the lengths of 660 and
666 feet, were symbolic of the male or solar deity.
Two henges at Charleston, West Virginia measured 212 feet in diameter or 666 feet in circumference. 666 being symbolic of the Sun within the Gematria codex.
1080 feet or length was symbolic of the female and the
Earth Mother. The two cornerstone numbers or lengths,
representing the male and female aspects of 1080 and 660
can be further reduced or simplified, as evidenced by the
many works that contain the numbers 240 and 420. It is
from these two numbers that the lengths, diameters, and
circumferences of many earthworks are derived.
The numerical codex was utilized in the construction of
many earthworks, and can be viewed mathematically as:
420 +240 =660. 420 + 420 + 240 = 1080. 1080 – 660 = 420. 660 – 420 = 240. The lengths of 420
and 240 occur singularly and combined within earthworks.
The length measured of the sacred via at Hopeton was 2400 feet. To the right is a square earthwork that measured 420 feet per side. 420 could be expressed as either, 1080-660=420 or 660-240 =420. Adding two sides of the square. 420+420=840, 1080-840=240. The adjoining henge on the southwest corner measured 120 feet in diameter. 120 is half of 240 or 120 X
9 = 1080. If you add the length of one side of the square, with the diameter of the circle, 420 + 120 = 540, 540 X 2 = 1080.
Graded Way at Piketon measured 1080 feet in length with walls separated by 215 feet.
The works at Piketon incorporate more of the numbers within the Allegewi Hopewell canon than any
other earthwork site. The length of the parallel walls of the sacred via are 1080 feet, separated in the
middle by 215 feet. An earthwork that was located south of the via, in what is now the city cemetery
measured 420 in two sections and 240 on another. The end wall measured 212 feet, 212 X pi (3.141) =
666.
At Piketon the sacred via was 1080 feet. The end wall measures 212 feet, 212 X pi or 3.141 = 666. Adding the lengths of the separate angles, 420 + 240 = 660. 420 + 420 + 240 = 1080.
Located within seven miles of each other are one rectangular and one square earthwork in southeast Indiana. The work at Winchester measured 1080 feet on the north-south walls, and 1320 feet on the east-west, or 660 X 2 = 1320. The earthwork seven miles south in Fountain City measured 780 feet per side, which is 540 feet less than the 1320 foot walls at Winchester. 1320 – 780 = 540. 540 x 2 =1080. Also, it is notable that 780 is 120 more than 660. 120 X 9 = 1080. These two works were constructed to be numerically harmonic.
In geometry an octagon is a polygon that has eight sides. An octagon is defined by Wikepedia as, “A
regular octagon has all sides the same length and internal angles are all the same size. It has eight lines
of reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry of order 8. The internal angle of each vertex of a
regular octagon is 135 degrees and the sum of all the internal angles is 1080 degrees.”
Astronomers, R. Horn and R. Hively, in A Statistical Study of Lunar Alignments at the Newark Earthworks, 2006, determined that the axis of the octagon was aligned to the minimum southern and northern moonrise.
Photo is the wall of the octagon with interior mound visible at the gateway. The circle and octagon are preserved by a golf coarse that is within the earthen walls. From, The Nephilim Chronicles, A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley, 2010.
The eight mounds at the gates of the octagon may also be symbolic of the eight phases of the moon. Evidence that the earthworks at Newark were dedicated to the worship of the Earth Mother is furthered by the alignment of the large henge to the May 1 sunrise. The effigy in the center of the henge is a bird that is a traditional symbol of the Earth Mother.
The number 555 is evident within the circumference of several henges located at Charleston West
Virginia and north of Lexington, Kentucky. The significance of the works north of Lexington is that
they lend further evidence of the Allegewi Hopewell's knowledge of square roots. The henge has a
circumference of 555 feet, which is significant because if you stretch 555.5 and pi out far enough and
multiply them, the total is 1746 which is the sum total of 666 + 1080; reresenting the Sacred Marriage. Another work adjacent to the henge had an earthen wall that measured 1080 feet. The gateway to the
henge is 33 feet. 33 is the square root of 1080.
Henge, located north of Lexington, Kentucky with a circumference of 555 feet.
Henge at Lexington Kentucky with a circumference of 555 feet. 555.5 X pi (3.141) =1746 or the sum total of 666 + 1080. The square root of 1080 is 33, the width of the gateway. The numerology suggest that this the henge represented both the male and female aspects and was used to venerate the sun and the earth, representing the Sacred Marriage of Opposites. The earthwork above was located on an adjacent hill from the henge with one of the walls measuring 1080 feet in length.
The number 555 and 666 also occur together at Mounds State Park, in Anderson, Indiana as measured by Lilly in Prehistoric Antiquities of Indiana, 1937. Two earthworks aligned to the summer solstice sunset and the winter solstice sunrise as positioned and measured from the central mound, formerly located within the henge. The lengths from the central mound to earthwork “K” was 662 (666) feet and to earthwork “I” was 552 (555) feet. The largest henge of the group is 660 feet in circumference. Another henge within this group was 120 feet in diameter. 555 X 120 = 66600
This symbol has historically represented the marriage of the opposites, the yin and yang or the “Holy Union of Opposites.” It represents and equilibrium of natural forces. This notion of these shapes representing balance is in harmony with the apparent alignment of the works with the equinox sunrise and sunset, when day and night are equal. Also note the cave at the bottom of the bluff; this is evidence that underworld spirits were also venerated at this site. The Cedar Banks Works at Chillicothe featured a platform mound that may have been the seat of power for the Capital City. Of interest is the earthwork on the right that measured 870 feet in length. Both sides of the work measured, 870 + 870 = 1740 as does 660 + 1080 = 1740. The length. Both sides of the work measured, 870 + 870 = 1740 as does 660 + 1080 = 1740. The 870=210.
The most common diameter of an Allegewi henge is 210 or 212 feet in diameter, or a circumference
of 660 or 666 feet. Henges that are 660 feet in circumference occur at the Junction Group in
Chillicothe and Athens in Ohio, Cambridge City and Mounds State Park in Indiana and at Camden
South Carolina. With the apparent solar alignments of these works, the numbers 660 and 666 are easily
associated with the Sun.
The derivation of 210 can be achieved two ways, either as ½ of 420 or as the the number times pi to
achieve 660. 210 X pi (3.141)= 660, 212 X pi (3.141)=666. With the lengths of 210 and 212 being
found in linear works as well as the diameters within henges, it is evident that the Adena and Hopewell
were using pi to formulate the construction of many of the circular works. The Junction Group is located at the mouth of the North Fork of Pant Creek and Paint Creek, in Chillicothe, Ohio. Within the is group are two henges with a diameter of 210 feet, this times pi, (3.141) equals a circumference of 660 feet. A joined circle and square are each 120 feet in diameter. The combined lengths of the diameters 210 + 210 +120 +120 = 660. 660 can also be derived by adding the diameter of the two largest henges with the diameter of the square, or 210 + 210 + 240 = 660. There are 8 earthworks in this group, symbolic of “resurrection.” The two horseshoe shaped works signify the mystical door of life, or was symbolic of the vulva of the Earth Mother. The burial mound with a serpent emerging from it is also an Earth Mother symbol in this context.
The measure of 210 feet occurs in the diameter of numerous henges, it also can be found within linear earthworks constructed by the Allegewi. A sacred via that extends from the square, opposite Portsmouth, Ohio was 210 feet wide and 2100 feet long. 2100 could also be represented as 1050+1050 =2100.
The measurement of the diameters of the circular earthworks attached to the octagons at Newark, High Bank and Hopeton are 1050 feet or 210 X 5 = 1050. The lengths of the sides of the square work are 900 feet or the sum total of 660 + 240 = 900. The length of the sacred via was 2400 feet.
Effigy at Granville from head to tail measured 210 feet and is aligned to the May 1st, sunrise. Highbank's circle is 1050 feet in diameter. 210 x 5 = 1050. Highbank is aligned to the winter solstice sunrise and the summer solstice sunset.
As at Piketon and the earthwork complex at Marrietta, Ohio included the length of 215 feet, shown above as the diameter of the mound and henge. The mound and earthwork were attached to a square work that had sides that measured 1080 feet. Also at this site are several platform mounds, one of which was 210 feet in diameter.
The large mound at New Castle was 215 feet and was surrounded by an earthwork and ditch with a fiddle shape, similar to Earthwork “H” at at Mounds State Park in Anderson, Indiana, that was also 215 feet in length. The length of 215 must have been symbolic of the Earth Mother. Also note the combined lengths of the two smaller henges and mound are 240 fee
t. From Prehistoric Antiquities of Indiana, 1937.
Sacred via at Ft. Ancient was 1350 feet in length. 215 X pi (3.141) = 675 X 2 =1350. A similar work called, “The Cursus” is located near Stonehenge.
Liberty Works located south of Chillicothe, Ohio, dimensionally the same as four other earthworks around Chillicothe. The large circle measured, 1720 feet or 215 X 8 = 1720. The smaller circle is 800 feet in diameter. The square earthwork has sides that measure 1080 feet.
The most common number that occurs within the Hopewell numerical canon is 250. This number
is most evident within the diameter of henges that differ from the Allegewi's in that the circular
platform is larger because the surrounding ditch is less wide and outer earthwork is usually only
several feet. The lowest repeating multiple of 250 is 50 that had been measured around some
Hopewellian earthworks that were thought to be the base of a structure. Other significant multiples
of 50 occur at the Highbanks works near Chillicothe that had several henges that were 300 feet in
diameter. The largest henge built was at Newark, measuring 1250 feet in diameter.
Many of the henges that measured 250 feet in diameter were aligned to the equinox, but not all.
In one work 250 represents the serpent, that was also a common attribute of the undulating
Allegewi henges. It could be deduced that the length of 250 feet represented the serpent and the
serpent is symbolic of the Sun.
This stone work is evidence that the length of 250 was associated with the serpent. The gateway was 50 feet wide. It was located near, and visible from Spruce Hill that was also serpentine in shape and also constructed from stones.
Another serpentine work was at Fort Hill that had 33 gateways within its undulating stone walls. The central platform adjacent to the gateway depicting two serpent's heads was 250 feet in length as diagrammed in Ancient Monuments.
One of the 33 gateways at Fort Hill, whose stone walls undulate like a massive serpent enclosing this large hilltop. A short distance from this work is the serpent mound that measured 1330 feet, with 3 bends in the body, 3 coils in the tail and was aligned to the confluence of 3 creeks. The Nephilim Chronicles, A Travel Guide to the Ancient Ruins in the Ohio Valley.
The Nephilim Chronicles: Fallen Angels in the Ohio Valley Page 27