64. Walther, Shattering, 63.
65. Reynolds, John Brown, 144.
66. A. B. Alcott, 8 May 1859, Journals, 315–16.
67. Horace Traubel, With Walt Whitman, IV, 293.
68. L. M. Alcott, September 1859, Journals, 95.
69. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 23 October, MS Am 1130.12(29), p. 583, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
70. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 8 May, 314.
71. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 23 October, 583.
72. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, Concord, 8 November 1859, in Selected Letters, 49.
73. Ibid.
74. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 23 October, 584.
75. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 26 October, 591.
76. A. Bronson Alcott, Diary for 1859, 19 November, 632–33.
77. A. B. Alcott, 17 February 1860, Journals, 326.
78. A. B. Alcott, 23 May 1860, Journals, 326.
79. L. M. Alcott, May 1860, Journals, 99.
80. Ibid.
81. Ibid.
82. Ibid.
83. A. B. Alcott, 23 May 1860, Journals, 326.
84. Julian Hawthorne, “By One Who Knew Her,” in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 206.
85. L. M. Alcott to Adeline May, July 1860 (?), in Selected Letters, 57.
86. Julian Hawthorne, “By One Who Knew Her,” 205.
87. Julian Hawthorne, “The Woman Who Wrote Little Women,” in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 193.
88. Louisa May Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 281.
89. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. Anna Alcox, Concord, 30 December 1860, in Letters, 318.
CHAPTER ELEVEN: WAR
1. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1861, 1 January, MS Am 1130.12(31), p. 16, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
2. L. M. Alcott, January 1861, Journals, 103.
3. Ibid.
4. L. M. Alcott, February 1861, Journals, 103.
5. A. B. Alcott to May Alcott, Concord, 10 or 11 February 1861, in Letters, 320.
6. Ibid.
7. L. M. Alcott, February 1861, Journals, 104.
8. Ibid.
9. L. M. Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, Concord, 18 (?) March 1861, in Letters, 63.
10. Thoreau to Daniel Ricketson, Concord, 22 March 1861, in Correspondence, 609.
11. L. M. Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, Concord, 18 (?) March 1861, in Letters, 64n.
12. Thoreau to Parker Pillsbury, Concord, 10 April 1861, in Correspondence, 611.
13. Ralph Waldo Emerson to Arthur Hugh Clough, Concord, 16 April 1861, in Letters, IX, 45.
14. Emerson, Journals and Miscellaneous Notebooks, XV, 172, 180.
15. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1861, 20–21 May, 440.
16. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1861, 26–30 April, 386.
17. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1861, 2 April, 357.
18. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, Concord, 19 May 1861, in Selected Letters, 64.
19. Saxton, Louisa May, 244.
20. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, Concord, 19 May 1861, in Selected Letters, 64.
21. Ibid., 65.
22. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1862, 6 January, MS Am 1130.12(32), p. 42, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
23. L. M. Alcott, April 1862, Journals, 109.
24. L. M. Alcott, April/May 1862, Journals, 109.
25. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, 6 April 1862, in Selected Letters, 73.
26. Anne Brown Adams, [Louisa May Alcott in the Early 1860s], in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 10.
27. Gowing, Alcotts, 68.
28. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1862, 39.
29. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1861, 2–3 May, 396.
30. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1862, 1 January, 6.
31. Ibid.
32. A. B. Alcott, 7 May 1862, Journals, 347.
33. L. M. Alcott to Sophia Foord, Concord, 11 May 1862, in Selected Letters, 75.
34. Ibid.
35. Davis, Rebecca Harding Davis, 38–40. Davis’s antipathy to Bronson Alcott was so powerful that one hesitates to credit all the details of her account of him, some of which either run counter to the impression created by all other accounts or flatly contradict established evidence. For instance, describing the party mentioned in the text, she reports that Alcott dined heartily on a sirloin of beef—an alleged lapse in his vegetarian principles such as was never recorded elsewhere. Davis also maintains that, in building Emerson’s summer cottage, Alcott neglected to include a door, an assertion that fails to account for the portal clearly represented in the one sketch of the structure.
36. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, 21 September 1862, in Letters, 330.
37. L. M. Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 466.
38. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 55.
39. Saxton, Louisa May, 251; Stern, Louisa May Alcott, 112.
40. L. M. Alcott, December 1862, Journals, 110.
41. Ibid.
42. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 56–61.
43. Ibid., 62.
44. Ibid., 66.
45. Ropes, Civil War Nurse, 112.
46. Rable, Fredericksburg!, 177–84.
47. Ibid., 238.
48. Gowing, Alcotts, 21.
49. Whitman, Walt Whitman’s Civil War, 91.
50. Morris, Better Angel, 143–44.
51. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 69.
52. L. M. Alcott, December 1862, Journals, 111.
53. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 70.
54. Ibid., 78.
55. L. M. Alcott, 4 January 1863, Journals, 113–14.
56. Ibid., 114.
57. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 97.
58. L. M. Alcott, 4 January 1863, Journals, 115.
59. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 87.
60. Ibid., 88.
61. Ibid., 94.
62. Ibid., 80, 77.
63. Stern, Louisa May Alcott, 121.
64. Hannah Ropes to Alice Shephard Ropes, Georgetown, 11 January 1863, in Ropes, Civil War Nurse, 121.
65. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 99.
66. Ibid., 106.
67. A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1863, 1 January, MS Am 1130.12(33), pp. 3–4, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
68. A. B. Alcott, 8 January 1863, Journals, 352.
69. Julian Hawthorne, “The Woman Who Wrote Little Women,” in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 195.
70. Hannah Ropes to Edward Elson Ropes, Georgetown, 9 January 1863, in Ropes, Civil War Nurse, 121.
71. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 94.
72. L. M. Alcott, January 1863, Journals, 116.
73. L. M. Alcott, Hospital Sketches, 101.
74. Ibid., 106–07.
75. Ibid., 107.
76. Ibid.
77. Martha Saxton has written that there remained some hope that Louisa might still be able to continue her work. Saxton, Louisa May, 256.
78. A. B. Alcott, 18 January 1863, Journals, 353.
79. A. B. Alcott, 19 January 1863, Journals, 353.
80. A. B. Alcott, 21 January 1863, Journals, 353.
81. L. M. Alcott, December 1862, Journals, 110.
CHAPTER TWELVE: SHADOWS AND SUNLIGHT
1. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, Concord, n.d. (1863), MS Am 1130.9(28), Houghton Library, Harvard University.
2. Sophia Hawthorne to Annie Fields, in Mellow, Nathaniel Hawthorne, 562.
3. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, Concord, n.d. (1863), MS Am 1130.9(28).
4. A. B. Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, Concord, 27 January 1863, in Letters, 333.
5. A. B. Alcott, 1 February 1863, Journals, 354; A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1863, 11 February, MS Am 1130.12(33), p. 46, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
6. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, Concord, n.d. (1863), MS Am 1130.9(28).
7. L. M. Alcott, January 1863, Journals, 116–17.
8. Ibid., 117.
9. Ibid.
10. A. Bronson Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, (Concord), 29 January 1863
, in Letters, 334; L. M. Alcott, Journals, 112n.
11. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, (?) February 1863, MS Am 1130.9(28).
12. J. Hawthorne, Memoirs, 63.
13. L. M. Alcott, February 1863, Journals, 117.
14. Ibid.
15. L. M. Alcott, March 1863, Journals, 118.
16. Unidentified clipping in A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1863, 97.
17. Unidentified clipping in A. B. Alcott, Diary for 1863, 67.
18. A. B. Alcott, “The Transcendental Club and The Dial: A Conversation by A. Bronson Alcott,” 23 March 1863, Autobiographical Collections, 1856–67, MS Am 1130.11(6), p. 153, Houghton Library, Harvard University.
19. L. M. Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, 30 March 1863, in Selected Letters, 83.
20. A. B. Alcott to Anna Alcott Pratt, Concord, 30 March 1863, in Letters, 337.
21. L. M. Alcott, February 1863, Journals, 117.
22. Abigail May Alcott to Samuel J. May, Concord, n.d. (1863), MS Am 1130.9(28).
23. Elbert, Hunger for Home, 231.
24. J. Hawthorne, Memoirs, 63.
25. Ibid.
26. L. M. Alcott, April 1863, Journals, 118.
27. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. Anna Alcox, 25 March 1863, in Letters, 336.
28. J. Hawthorne, Memoirs, 63.
29. L. M. Alcott, “Notes and Memoranda,” 1863, Journals, 122.
30. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 123n.
31. A. B. Alcott to James Redpath, Concord, 19 November 1860, in Letters, 317.
32. A. B. Alcott to James Redpath, Concord, 27 July 1863, in Letters, 345.
33. L. M. Alcott to James Redpath, July (?) 1863, in Selected Letters, 87.
34. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 124n.
35. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, September 1863, in Selected Letters, 91.
36. J. Hawthorne, “The Woman Who Wrote Little Women,” in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 195–96.
37. L. M. Alcott, May 1863, Journals, 119.
38. A. B. Alcott, 26 August 1863, Journals, 357.
39. L. M. Alcott, “My Contraband,” in Alternative Alcott, 93.
40. Ibid., 86.
41. L. M. Alcott to Miss Russel, 13 July 1863 (?), in Selected Letters, 85.
42. L. M. Alcott, October 1863, Journals, 121.
43. L. M. Alcott to James Redpath, February 1864 (?), in Selected Letters, 103.
44. A. B. Alcott, 28 February 1864, Journals, 362.
45. L. M. Alcott, May 1864, Journals, 130.
46. A. B. Alcott, 23 May 1864, Journals, 364.
47. Ibid.
48. Saxton, Louisa May, 233–34, 272.
49. L. M. Alcott, September 1864, Journals, 131.
50. A. K. Loring to Louisa May Alcott, n.d., MSS 6255, Papers of Louisa May Alcott, University of Virginia Special Collections.
51. L. M. Alcott, October 1864, Journals, 132.
52. L. M. Alcott to Abigail May Alcott, 25 December 1864, in Selected Letters, 106.
53. For instance, she had written in her journal in April 1864, “Don’t despair, ‘Moods,’ we’ll try again by & by.” She later added, “Alas, we did try again.” Journals, 129, 135n.
54. L. M. Alcott, December 1864, Journals, 133.
55. Emerson, “Experience,” in Essays and Lectures, 473; L. M. Alcott, Moods, 1.
56. L. M. Alcott, Moods, 84.
57. Ibid., 190.
58. Ibid., 237, 37.
59. Ibid., 146.
60. Ibid., 25.
61. Ibid., 24.
62. Ibid., 24, 22.
63. Ibid., 179.
64. Jamison, Touched with Fire, 5, 88.
65. Madeleine Stern, telephone conversation with author, 27 August 2006.
66. Kay Redfield Jamison, e-mail message to author, 26 August 2006.
67. Emerson, “History,” in Essays and Lectures, 237.
68. Emerson, “Self-Reliance,” in Essays and Lectures, 259.
69. Alice James, Diary, 71.
70. A. B. Alcott, 26 December 1864, Journals, 367–68.
CHAPTER THIRTEEN: JOURNEYS EAST AND WEST
1. A. B. Alcott, 15 April 1865, Journals, 371.
2. L. M. Alcott, April 1865, Journals, 140.
3. Ibid.
4. Stern, Louisa May Alcott, 142.
5. A. B. Alcott, 29 July 1865, Journals, 374.
6. A. B. Alcott, 4 July 1865, Journals, 372.
7. Whitman, “The United States to Old World Critics,” in Complete Poetry, 628.
8. A. B. Alcott, 13 April 1865, Journals, 371.
9. L. M. Alcott, Work, 75.
10. L. M. Alcott, July 1865, Journals, 141.
11. A. B. Alcott, 18 July 1865, Journals, 373.
12. Ibid.
13. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 147n.
14. L. M. Alcott to Amos Bronson Alcott, 31 July 1865, in Selected Letters, 111.
15. L. M. Alcott, August 1865, Journals, 141.
16. Henry James Jr., “Miss Alcott’s Moods,” 280–81.
17. A. B. Alcott, 30 September 1865, Journals, 375.
18. Ruskin fully elaborates his theory of the grotesque in the essay “Grotesque Renaissance,” in Stones of Venice, Complete Works, XI, 135–95.
19. A. B. Alcott, 19–21 October 1865, Journals, 375.
20. L. M. Alcott, “Up the Rhine,” “Life in a Pension,” “A Dickens Day.”
21. Henry James Jr., “Swiss Notes,” in Collected Travel Writings, 630–31.
22. Louisa May Alcott, “Life in a Pension,” 2.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Ibid.
26. Ibid.; L. M. Alcott, Aunt Jo’s Scrap-Bag, 16.
27. L. M. Alcott, Aunt Jo’s Scrap-Bag, 17.
28. Ibid., 18.
29. Ibid., 21; L. M. Alcott, “Life in a Pension,” 2.
30. L. M. Alcott, Aunt Jo’s Scrap-Bag, 19–20; L. M. Alcott, “Life in a Pension,” 2.
31. L. M. Alcott, November 1865, Journals, 145.
32. Ibid.
33. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 148n.
34. L. M. Alcott, December 1865, Journals, 145.
35. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 148n.
36. L. M. Alcott, Aunt Jo’s Scrap-Bag, 27.
37. Ibid.
38. Ibid., 16, 18, 34.
39. L. M. Alcott, December 1865, Journals, 145.
40. Heilbrun, “Alcott’s Little Women,” in Hamlet’s Mother, 141–43.
41. L. M. Alcott to Alfred Whitman, 6 January 1869, in Selected Letters, 120.
42. Louisa May Alcott, (Untitled), Boston Commonwealth, 21 September 1867.
43. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, St. Louis, 20 February 1866, in Letters, 385.
44. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, St. Louis, 26 February 1866, in Letters, 386.
45. Dahlstrand, Amos Bronson Alcott, 282.
46. Ibid., 282–83.
47. A. B. Alcott to Louisa May Alcott, Concord, 18 March 1866, in Letters, 389–90.
48. L. M. Alcott, July 1866, Journals, 152.
49. L. M. Alcott, November 1866, Journals, 153.
50. L. M. Alcott, quoting Abigail May Alcott, August 1866, Journals, 153.
51. Bedell, Alcotts, 258n.
52. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, St. Louis, 30 November 1866, in Letters, 397.
53. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. A. Bronson Alcott, St. Louis, 3 December 1866, in Letters, 398.
54. L. M. Alcott, January 1867, Journals, 157.
55. Franklin Benjamin Sanborn to Benjamin Lyman, 23 February 1867, in Cameron, Young Reporter, 45.
56. A. B. Alcott to Mrs. Frances D. Gage, Concord, 14 April 1867, in Letters, 406.
57. A. B. Alcott to Charles D. B. Mills, Concord, 20 February 1867, in Letters, 403.
58. A. B. Alcott to Mary E. Stearns, Concord, 13 April 1867, in Letters, 405.
59. L. M. Alcott, August 1867, Journals, 158.
60. L. M. Alcott, September 1867, Journals, 158.
61. L. M. Alcott, January 1868, Journals, 162.
62. Ibid.
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br /> 63. L. M. Alcott, 7 January 1868, Journals, 162.
64. L. M. Alcott, “Happy Women,” in Stern, ed., L. M. Alcott, 149.
65. L. M. Alcott, 18 January 1868, Journals, 163.
66. L. M. Alcott, 14 February 1868, Journals, 164.
67. Ibid., 165.
68. L. M. Alcott, “Happy Women,” in Stern, ed., L. M. Alcott, 146.
69. Ibid., 147.
70. Ibid., 148.
71. Ibid.
72. L. M. Alcott to Richard Rogers Bowker, 4 October 1877, in Selected Letters, 224.
73. L. M. Alcott, 17 February 1868, Journals, 165.
74. A. B. Alcott to Louisa May Alcott, Concord, 19 February 1868, in Letters, 427.
75. L. M. Alcott, May 1868, Journals, 165–66.
76. Ibid., 165.
CHAPTER FOURTEEN: MIRACLES
1. Alcott to Miss Churchill, 25 December 1878 (?), in Selected Letters, 232.
2. L. M. Alcott, June 1868, Journals, 166.
3. Stern, Louisa May Alcott, 175.
4. L. M. Alcott, 15 July 1868, Journals, 166.
5. Ibid.
6. Ibid.
7. L. M. Alcott, 26 August 1868, Journals, 166.
8. L. M. Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 246.
9. L. M. Alcott, 26 August 1868, Journals, 166.
10. Ibid.
11. Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Progress, 163–64.
12. L. M. Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 5.
13. Bunyan, Pilgrim’s Progress, 169.
14. L. M. Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 510.
15. Thomas Niles to Louisa May Alcott, Boston, 20 July 1869, in L. M. Alcott, Little Women, 423.
16. L. M. Alcott, Little Women, Little Men, Jo’s Boys, 164.
17. Ibid., 214.
18. Ibid., 398.
19. Ibid., 234.
20. Ibid.
21. Ibid., 229.
22. L. M. Alcott, September 1872, Journals, 183.
23. Madeleine Stern, conversation with author, 1 September 2006.
24. Paludan, A People’s Contest, 306–7n.
25. Julian Hawthorne, “The Woman who Wrote Little Women,” in Shealy, ed., Alcott, 200–01.
26. L. M. Alcott, Journals, 169n.
27. Elbert, Hunger for Home, 169.
28. L. M. Alcott, 1 November 1868, Journals, 167.
29. L. M. Alcott, 16 November 1868, Journals, 167.
30. L. M. Alcott, 29 November 1868, Journals, 167.
31. L. M. Alcott, 1 November 1868, Journals, 167.
32. L. M. Alcott to Elizabeth Powell, Concord, 20 March 1869, in Selected Letters, 125.
33. L. M. Alcott, 1 November 1868, Journals, 167.
34. L. M. Alcott to Elizabeth Powell, Concord, 20 March 1869, in Selected Letters, 124–25.
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