D-Day landings 233, 292, 293, 296, 302, 304, 305–6
Dunkirk 234, 252–53, 253
end of 315–17
fall of France 250–58
fall of Singapore 242, 278, 282–83
in Far East 251, 253–54, 274, 277–80, 282–83, 284–85, 296–99, 308–9
invasion of Soviet Union 276–77
Italian Campaign 295, 303, 307
in the Mediterranean 251, 254, 271–72, 273, 274, 278, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 296, 299, 301, 302, 305, 308
North African Campaign 254, 255–56, 270, 271, 272, 281, 287–94, 299
Norwegian Campaign 233–36
outbreak of 225
in the Pacific 281, 297, 298, 301, 303, 308, 318
Pearl Harbor 279
phony war 233, 236, 343
The Second World War 341–44
Secret Intelligence Service 248
secretaries 266–67, 360, 370
Selborne, Lord 95
Sevastopol 314
Sextant Conference 296, 301
Shearburn, May 266
shells scandal (First World War) 143, 156
Sicily, invasion of 291, 293, 295
Sidney Street, Battle of 114–15, 143
Sikorski, General Vladislav 21
Simon, Sir John 202, 217, 236
Simpson, Wallis 213
Sinai Desert 170
Sinclair, Sir Archibald 244
Singapore 274, 287
fall of 242, 278, 283
naval base 181
Sinn Fein 172
Slim, Field Marshal 335
Smith, F. E. 15, 16, 131, 189
Smuts, Jan 95, 156, 250, 288, 306
Sneyd-Kynnersley, Revd. H. W. 31
Soames, Christopher 339, 345, 354
Soames, Mary see Churchill, Mary
social change
after First World War 162
after Second World War 333–34
social services 334
Somaliland 97, 167
Somerville, Sir James 256
Somme offensive 153, 154
South Africa
Boer War 74–81
British relations with after defeat of Boers 94–96, 128
Chinese indentured laborers 95
status within Empire 94
South African Light Horse 80
South-East Asia Command 299, 308
Southsea Conservative Association 70
Soviet Union
Britain’s postwar relations with 338–339, 339, 348
Churchill urges close collaboration with 216
Churchill’s anxiety about postwar power of 304, 309–10, 310, 314, 315, 317, 326, 328, 329
Cold War 330, 334
grip on Poland 242
Second World War
British support for 276–77
build-up to 210
Churchill sends military aid to 274
Churchill visits 289–90, 303, 309–10
Churchill’s concerns over “bearishness” of 296
German invasion of 270, 276–77, 278
halt German thrust 290–91, 292
race to Berlin 309
want second front 289, 292, 293, 295
Yalta Conference 312, 314
US postwar relations with 335, 337
Spanish Empire, counterinsurgency campaign in Cuba 44–45
Special Operations Executive 248
Spencer-Churchill, Charles Richard John (Sunny), 9th Duke of Marlborough 14, 15, 16, 88, 91, 111
Spencer-Churchill, Frances Anne, Duchess of Marlborough (grandmother) 33, 38
Spencer-Churchill, John George Vanderbilt, 11th Duke of Marlborough 20
Spencer-Churchill, John Winston, 7th Duke of Marlborough (grandfather), as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 26–27
Spencer-Churchill, Lilian, Duchess of Marlborough 48
Spion Kop 79
Spithead 131, 338
Staff College (Camberley) 39
Stalin, Josef 164, 270, 277, 290, 293, 295, 301, 303, 328, 341, 344, 368
relationship with Churchill 289–90, 301, 309–10, 312
Stanley, Oliver 235
Stanley, Venetia 117, 130
Steevens, G. W. 71
Index
Stevenson, Robert Louis 14, 46, 77
Storr, Anthony 30, 351, 368
Strakosch, Sir Henry 224
Strand Magazine 97, 193
strikes and riots (1910-11) 114–15
Sudan
Churchill’s book on 71–72
independence 336
war in 44, 49, 62, 62–69, 69
Suez Canal 204, 278
Suez Crisis 351
suffragettes 112
Sumatra 297
Sunday Chronicle 222
Sunday Pictorial 152
sweated labor 112
Sweden 234
Syria 273
tanks
development of 124
on eve of Second World War 212
expansion of Tank Corps 157
German 221
tariff reform 87, 89, 90, 175, 199
taxation 107
Taylor, A. J. P. 52, 368
Taylor, Dr. Frederic 10, 11
tear gas 167
Tehran 263, 289, 292, 301, 303
the Telegraph 130, 187
Thompson, Walter 253, 269, 370
Thorneycroft, Colonel Alexander 79
Tilden, Philip 191
The Times 175
Tirah Expeditionary Force 58, 61
Tirpitz, Admiral Alfred von 121
Tito 293, 306, 309
Tizard, Sir Henry 215
Tobruk 242, 287
Tonypandy, miners riot (1910) 114, 143
Tovey, Admiral 320
Toye, Richard 58, 275
Trade Boards Act (1909) 110
Trades Union Congress (TUC) 183
Trans-Jordan 169, 171
Transvaal 47, 74, 96
Treasury, Churchill as Chancellor 177–81
Tree, Ronald 21, 22
trench warfare 147–55
Trenchard, Sir Hugh 166
Trident Conference 293
Trieste 309
Trondheim 234, 235
Trotsky, Leon 164
Truman, Harry S. 315, 319, 328, 335, 336, 337, 340
Truman Doctrine 340
Tunis 301
Tunisia 293–94
Turkey 291, 293, 296
see also Ottoman Empire
Tweedsmuir, Lord 240
Twistleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, Major the Honorable E. 17
U-boats 212, 227, 232, 270, 273, 274, 282
Uganda 97, 99–100
Ulster Volunteers 129
ULTRA intelligence 249, 276
unemployment insurance 105, 109
Unionists 129
United Empire Party 199
United Nations 312, 313, 314, 328
United Services Magazine 60
United States
attempts to supplant British power with its own 188, 340
British dependence on 323, 340
Churchill foresees postwar superpower status of 314, 315, 326, 329
Churchill visits 187–88, 201, 280, 287, 303, 308–9, 328–29, 335, 351–52
Churchill wants equal partnership with 337
Churchill’s reputation in 261
Churchill’s vision of “special relationship” 188, 201, 328, 329, 334, 337, 340, 348
criticism of Churchill in press 310
opposes intervention in Russian civil war 165
rising power of 162, 182, 260
Second World War
agree to “Europe first” policy 281
Allied planning 287–303
attack on Pearl Harbor 264, 278
Churchill appeals for support in 219, 254, 256, 260–64
D-Day landings 304, 305
dominates war against Japan 299
drop atomic bomb on Japan 319
enters war 278–80
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br /> Germany and Japan declare war on 264
strategic bombing 303
Yalta Conference 312
and Suez Crisis 351
unilateral approach to Moscow 336, 337
view of Britain in decline 198
V-bombs 242, 304
Valdez, General 46
Vanbrugh, Sir John 9
Versailles, Treaty of 162, 196
Vichy regime 273, 281, 294
Victoria, Queen
Diamond Jubilee 48
Golden Jubilee 31
Victory in Europe Day 316, 317
Vienna 306, 308
Walden, Thomas 190
Wall Street Crash 187, 198, 201, 224, 325
War Cabinet
Churchill forms 243
First World War 144, 145, 155, 156, 160, 163
Military Coordination Committee 234
Second World War 227, 229, 234, 234, 243, 245, 247, 254–55, 259, 272, 280, 284, 293, 305, 314, 344
value of small and supreme 160
War Council 140, 141, 142, 145, 152–53, 254
war debt 188
War Office 61, 62, 63, 116, 119, 169
Churchill at 162, 163, 166
War Priorities Committee 156
Warren, Sir Charles 79
Washington 263, 280–81, 287, 292, 293, 303, 335, 348
Waterloo, Battle of 35, 255
Waugh, Evelyn 2
Wavell, General Sir Archibald 250, 271, 272, 286
Webb, Beatrice 105–6, 109
Webb, Sidney 105–6
Welldon, Revd. J. E. C. 34, 36
Wellington, Duke of 354
Wells, H. G. 283
Western Desert 271, 272, 290
Westminster, Duke of 80, 345
Westminster Gazette 40
Weygand, General Maxime 252–53
Wheeler, Sir Charles 351
White, Sir George 59
Wilhelm II, Kaiser 105, 164, page 3 of insert
Wilson, Sir Arthur 122, 123, 138, 153
Wilson, Sir Charles see Moran, Lord
Wilson, Sir Henry 143, 170
Wilson, Woodrow 165
Wilton, Countess of 32
Wimborne, Lady 37
Winant, John 278
Wingate, Orde 248, 250
Winter, David (pseudonym) 344
Winterton, Earl 88
Wolseley, Field Marshal Lord Garnet 45, 59, 360
women, votes for 112
Wood, Sir Evelyn 63
Wood, Kingsley 237
Woodstock 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 23, 40
Woodstock Squadron 16–17
working class, Churchill’s position vis-à-vis 111, 115, 165
The World Crisis 175, 189, 222, 341
Yalta conference 263, 312
Yugoslavia 272, 293, 306
Yule, Revd. Henry 12
Zeppelin raids 135
Zionism 92, 171
Zulu War 14, 28, 44
Zurich 329
Footnotes
* Spencer remained the family name of the dukes of Marlborough until 1817 when by Royal Licence the 5th Duke changed it to Spencer-Churchill
** Winston was later to race in these colors while serving with the army in India.
*** The following day after dinner Churchill “requisitioned” Niven for a walk around the walled garden, where “he talked at great length about vegetables and the joy of growing one’s own. He made it clear that before long rationing would become so severe that ‘every square inch of our island will be pressed into service.’” David Niven, The Moon’s a Balloon (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1994), p. 230.
**** There were also allegations of race fixing at the Subalterns’ Challenge Cup, for which Winston sued and received a full apology and £500.
† Churchill spoke French better than the vast majority of Britain’s twentieth-century prime ministers and senior politicians. Yet his forays into the language are often used to poke (usually affectionate) fun at him and augment the “schoolboy” aspect of his character.
‡ In 1936, Lord Beaverbrook offered to bet Churchill £2,000 that he couldn’t remain teetotal for the year. Churchill declined, opting instead for a bet of £600 that he could survive the year without drinking brandy or any undiluted spirits.
Blenheim Palace
January 1884: Jack, Jennie and Winston Churchill
Churchill as a schoolboy at Harrow, aged thirteen
The Boer war: Churchill aboard a steamer at Durban, 1899, war correspondent for the Morning Post and combatant
The young politician: Churchill in 1904, shortly after he left the Conservative Party for the Liberals. Note the picture of Lord Kitchener behind him
In formal dress uniform
Churchill and Kaiser Wilhelm at military exercises in the years before the First World War
September 1915: Churchill speaking at the opening of the YMCA hostel for munitions workers, Enfield, Middlesex
March 1924: Churchill and Clementine at the by-election in the Abbey division of Westminster
February 1928: Building a wall at Chartwell with daughter Sarah
January 1932: Churchill on the move after a bout of typhus
February 1939: Churchill at his specially designed standing desk, Chartwell
January 1937: Painting the Cháteau de St George in Normandy
January 1942: Churchill addressing the 4th Hussars, his old regiment, in Egypt
November 1942: The famous “V” sign
December 1943: The Bermuda conference. French Premier Joseph Laniel, President Eisenhower and Churchill
July 1944: Churchill poring over a map with General Bernard Montgomery
December 1944: Crossing the Rhine
July 1945: Churchill sitting on a chair from Hitler’s chancellery amidst the ruins of Berlin, surrounded by Russian soldiers
October 1947: Churchill and poodle at Chartwell
Riding in the Old Surrey and Burstow Hunt at Chartwell Farm, 1948
Churchill with his Foreign Secretary and heir apparent, Anthony Eden, returning to Downing Street in September 1954
February 1959: Churchill is taken out to Aristotle Onassis’s yacht, Christina O, while on holiday in Morocco
The funeral cortège passes the Houses of Parliament
January 1965: The queue in Bladon, waiting to enter the churchyard of St. Martin’s to see Churchill’s grave
Churchill Page 48