Churchill

  D-Day landings 233, 292, 293, 296, 302, 304, 305–6

  Dunkirk 234, 252–53, 253

  end of 315–17

  fall of France 250–58

  fall of Singapore 242, 278, 282–83

  in Far East 251, 253–54, 274, 277–80, 282–83, 284–85, 296–99, 308–9

  invasion of Soviet Union 276–77

  Italian Campaign 295, 303, 307

  in the Mediterranean 251, 254, 271–72, 273, 274, 278, 287, 288, 289, 291, 294, 296, 299, 301, 302, 305, 308

  North African Campaign 254, 255–56, 270, 271, 272, 281, 287–94, 299

  Norwegian Campaign 233–36

  outbreak of 225

  in the Pacific 281, 297, 298, 301, 303, 308, 318

  Pearl Harbor 279

  phony war 233, 236, 343

  The Second World War 341–44

  Secret Intelligence Service 248

  secretaries 266–67, 360, 370

  Selborne, Lord 95

  Sevastopol 314

  Sextant Conference 296, 301

  Shearburn, May 266

  shells scandal (First World War) 143, 156

  Sicily, invasion of 291, 293, 295

  Sidney Street, Battle of 114–15, 143

  Sikorski, General Vladislav 21

  Simon, Sir John 202, 217, 236

  Simpson, Wallis 213

  Sinai Desert 170

  Sinclair, Sir Archibald 244

  Singapore 274, 287

  fall of 242, 278, 283

  naval base 181

  Sinn Fein 172

  Slim, Field Marshal 335

  Smith, F. E. 15, 16, 131, 189

  Smuts, Jan 95, 156, 250, 288, 306

  Sneyd-Kynnersley, Revd. H. W. 31

  Soames, Christopher 339, 345, 354

  Soames, Mary see Churchill, Mary

  social change

  after First World War 162

  after Second World War 333–34

  social services 334

  Somaliland 97, 167

  Somerville, Sir James 256

  Somme offensive 153, 154

  South Africa

  Boer War 74–81

  British relations with after defeat of Boers 94–96, 128

  Chinese indentured laborers 95

  status within Empire 94

  South African Light Horse 80

  South-East Asia Command 299, 308

  Southsea Conservative Association 70

  Soviet Union

  Britain’s postwar relations with 338–339, 339, 348

  Churchill urges close collaboration with 216

  Churchill’s anxiety about postwar power of 304, 309–10, 310, 314, 315, 317, 326, 328, 329

  Cold War 330, 334

  grip on Poland 242

  Second World War

  British support for 276–77

  build-up to 210

  Churchill sends military aid to 274

  Churchill visits 289–90, 303, 309–10

  Churchill’s concerns over “bearishness” of 296

  German invasion of 270, 276–77, 278

  halt German thrust 290–91, 292

  race to Berlin 309

  want second front 289, 292, 293, 295

  Yalta Conference 312, 314

  US postwar relations with 335, 337

  Spanish Empire, counterinsurgency campaign in Cuba 44–45

  Special Operations Executive 248

  Spencer-Churchill, Charles Richard John (Sunny), 9th Duke of Marlborough 14, 15, 16, 88, 91, 111

  Spencer-Churchill, Frances Anne, Duchess of Marlborough (grandmother) 33, 38

  Spencer-Churchill, John George Vanderbilt, 11th Duke of Marlborough 20

  Spencer-Churchill, John Winston, 7th Duke of Marlborough (grandfather), as Lord-Lieutenant of Ireland 26–27

  Spencer-Churchill, Lilian, Duchess of Marlborough 48

  Spion Kop 79

  Spithead 131, 338

  Staff College (Camberley) 39

  Stalin, Josef 164, 270, 277, 290, 293, 295, 301, 303, 328, 341, 344, 368

  relationship with Churchill 289–90, 301, 309–10, 312

  Stanley, Oliver 235

  Stanley, Venetia 117, 130

  Steevens, G. W. 71

  Index

  Stevenson, Robert Louis 14, 46, 77

  Storr, Anthony 30, 351, 368

  Strakosch, Sir Henry 224

  Strand Magazine 97, 193

  strikes and riots (1910-11) 114–15

  Sudan

  Churchill’s book on 71–72

  independence 336

  war in 44, 49, 62, 62–69, 69

  Suez Canal 204, 278

  Suez Crisis 351

  suffragettes 112

  Sumatra 297

  Sunday Chronicle 222

  Sunday Pictorial 152

  sweated labor 112

  Sweden 234

  Syria 273

  tanks

  development of 124

  on eve of Second World War 212

  expansion of Tank Corps 157

  German 221

  tariff reform 87, 89, 90, 175, 199

  taxation 107

  Taylor, A. J. P. 52, 368

  Taylor, Dr. Frederic 10, 11

  tear gas 167

  Tehran 263, 289, 292, 301, 303

  the Telegraph 130, 187

  Thompson, Walter 253, 269, 370

  Thorneycroft, Colonel Alexander 79

  Tilden, Philip 191

  The Times 175

  Tirah Expeditionary Force 58, 61

  Tirpitz, Admiral Alfred von 121

  Tito 293, 306, 309

  Tizard, Sir Henry 215

  Tobruk 242, 287

  Tonypandy, miners riot (1910) 114, 143

  Tovey, Admiral 320

  Toye, Richard 58, 275

  Trade Boards Act (1909) 110

  Trades Union Congress (TUC) 183

  Trans-Jordan 169, 171

  Transvaal 47, 74, 96

  Treasury, Churchill as Chancellor 177–81

  Tree, Ronald 21, 22

  trench warfare 147–55

  Trenchard, Sir Hugh 166

  Trident Conference 293

  Trieste 309

  Trondheim 234, 235

  Trotsky, Leon 164

  Truman, Harry S. 315, 319, 328, 335, 336, 337, 340

  Truman Doctrine 340

  Tunis 301

  Tunisia 293–94

  Turkey 291, 293, 296

  see also Ottoman Empire

  Tweedsmuir, Lord 240

  Twistleton-Wykeham-Fiennes, Major the Honorable E. 17

  U-boats 212, 227, 232, 270, 273, 274, 282

  Uganda 97, 99–100

  Ulster Volunteers 129

  ULTRA intelligence 249, 276

  unemployment insurance 105, 109

  Unionists 129

  United Empire Party 199

  United Nations 312, 313, 314, 328

  United Services Magazine 60

  United States

  attempts to supplant British power with its own 188, 340

  British dependence on 323, 340

  Churchill foresees postwar superpower status of 314, 315, 326, 329

  Churchill visits 187–88, 201, 280, 287, 303, 308–9, 328–29, 335, 351–52

  Churchill wants equal partnership with 337

  Churchill’s reputation in 261

  Churchill’s vision of “special relationship” 188, 201, 328, 329, 334, 337, 340, 348

  criticism of Churchill in press 310

  opposes intervention in Russian civil war 165

  rising power of 162, 182, 260

  Second World War

  agree to “Europe first” policy 281

  Allied planning 287–303

  attack on Pearl Harbor 264, 278

  Churchill appeals for support in 219, 254, 256, 260–64

  D-Day landings 304, 305

  dominates war against Japan 299

  drop atomic bomb on Japan 319

  enters war 278–80
<
br />   Germany and Japan declare war on 264

  strategic bombing 303

  Yalta Conference 312

  and Suez Crisis 351

  unilateral approach to Moscow 336, 337

  view of Britain in decline 198

  V-bombs 242, 304

  Valdez, General 46

  Vanbrugh, Sir John 9

  Versailles, Treaty of 162, 196

  Vichy regime 273, 281, 294

  Victoria, Queen

  Diamond Jubilee 48

  Golden Jubilee 31

  Victory in Europe Day 316, 317

  Vienna 306, 308

  Walden, Thomas 190

  Wall Street Crash 187, 198, 201, 224, 325

  War Cabinet

  Churchill forms 243

  First World War 144, 145, 155, 156, 160, 163

  Military Coordination Committee 234

  Second World War 227, 229, 234, 234, 243, 245, 247, 254–55, 259, 272, 280, 284, 293, 305, 314, 344

  value of small and supreme 160

  War Council 140, 141, 142, 145, 152–53, 254

  war debt 188

  War Office 61, 62, 63, 116, 119, 169

  Churchill at 162, 163, 166

  War Priorities Committee 156

  Warren, Sir Charles 79

  Washington 263, 280–81, 287, 292, 293, 303, 335, 348

  Waterloo, Battle of 35, 255

  Waugh, Evelyn 2

  Wavell, General Sir Archibald 250, 271, 272, 286

  Webb, Beatrice 105–6, 109

  Webb, Sidney 105–6

  Welldon, Revd. J. E. C. 34, 36

  Wellington, Duke of 354

  Wells, H. G. 283

  Western Desert 271, 272, 290

  Westminster, Duke of 80, 345

  Westminster Gazette 40

  Weygand, General Maxime 252–53

  Wheeler, Sir Charles 351

  White, Sir George 59

  Wilhelm II, Kaiser 105, 164, page 3 of insert

  Wilson, Sir Arthur 122, 123, 138, 153

  Wilson, Sir Charles see Moran, Lord

  Wilson, Sir Henry 143, 170

  Wilson, Woodrow 165

  Wilton, Countess of 32

  Wimborne, Lady 37

  Winant, John 278

  Wingate, Orde 248, 250

  Winter, David (pseudonym) 344

  Winterton, Earl 88

  Wolseley, Field Marshal Lord Garnet 45, 59, 360

  women, votes for 112

  Wood, Sir Evelyn 63

  Wood, Kingsley 237

  Woodstock 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 16, 23, 40

  Woodstock Squadron 16–17

  working class, Churchill’s position vis-à-vis 111, 115, 165

  The World Crisis 175, 189, 222, 341

  Yalta conference 263, 312

  Yugoslavia 272, 293, 306

  Yule, Revd. Henry 12

  Zeppelin raids 135

  Zionism 92, 171

  Zulu War 14, 28, 44

  Zurich 329

  Footnotes

  * Spencer remained the family name of the dukes of Marlborough until 1817 when by Royal Licence the 5th Duke changed it to Spencer-Churchill

  ** Winston was later to race in these colors while serving with the army in India.

  *** The following day after dinner Churchill “requisitioned” Niven for a walk around the walled garden, where “he talked at great length about vegetables and the joy of growing one’s own. He made it clear that before long rationing would become so severe that ‘every square inch of our island will be pressed into service.’” David Niven, The Moon’s a Balloon (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1994), p. 230.

  **** There were also allegations of race fixing at the Subalterns’ Challenge Cup, for which Winston sued and received a full apology and £500.

  † Churchill spoke French better than the vast majority of Britain’s twentieth-century prime ministers and senior politicians. Yet his forays into the language are often used to poke (usually affectionate) fun at him and augment the “schoolboy” aspect of his character.

  ‡ In 1936, Lord Beaverbrook offered to bet Churchill £2,000 that he couldn’t remain teetotal for the year. Churchill declined, opting instead for a bet of £600 that he could survive the year without drinking brandy or any undiluted spirits.

  Blenheim Palace

  January 1884: Jack, Jennie and Winston Churchill

  Churchill as a schoolboy at Harrow, aged thirteen

  The Boer war: Churchill aboard a steamer at Durban, 1899, war correspondent for the Morning Post and combatant

  The young politician: Churchill in 1904, shortly after he left the Conservative Party for the Liberals. Note the picture of Lord Kitchener behind him

  In formal dress uniform

  Churchill and Kaiser Wilhelm at military exercises in the years before the First World War

  September 1915: Churchill speaking at the opening of the YMCA hostel for munitions workers, Enfield, Middlesex

  March 1924: Churchill and Clementine at the by-election in the Abbey division of Westminster

  February 1928: Building a wall at Chartwell with daughter Sarah

  January 1932: Churchill on the move after a bout of typhus

  February 1939: Churchill at his specially designed standing desk, Chartwell

  January 1937: Painting the Cháteau de St George in Normandy

  January 1942: Churchill addressing the 4th Hussars, his old regiment, in Egypt

  November 1942: The famous “V” sign

  December 1943: The Bermuda conference. French Premier Joseph Laniel, President Eisenhower and Churchill

  July 1944: Churchill poring over a map with General Bernard Montgomery

  December 1944: Crossing the Rhine

  July 1945: Churchill sitting on a chair from Hitler’s chancellery amidst the ruins of Berlin, surrounded by Russian soldiers

  October 1947: Churchill and poodle at Chartwell

  Riding in the Old Surrey and Burstow Hunt at Chartwell Farm, 1948

  Churchill with his Foreign Secretary and heir apparent, Anthony Eden, returning to Downing Street in September 1954

  February 1959: Churchill is taken out to Aristotle Onassis’s yacht, Christina O, while on holiday in Morocco

  The funeral cortège passes the Houses of Parliament

  January 1965: The queue in Bladon, waiting to enter the churchyard of St. Martin’s to see Churchill’s grave