45 . Fanny to Felix, after August 26, 1846, Citron: 1987, 353.
46 . MDM c. 21, fols. 133v–4v.
47 . See G. A. Müller, 45–46.
48 . AmZ 49 (1847), 382.
49 . See Todd: 2002, 248ff.
50 . Fanny to Felix, ca. August 1846, Citron, 353. On the Gartenlieder , see the two useful studies of W. Gundlach and S. M. H. Wallace.
51 . NZfM 26 (1847), 169.
52 . P.-A. Koch, 9.
53 . On the publication history, see Wallace, 94ff.
54 . Franck to Felix, July 26, 1845 and June 2, 1846, MDM GB XXIII, 368 and 301; Felix to Franck, December 22, 1846, Tiersot, Lettres , 339; see also van der Elst, 82–84.
55 . Buxton to Felix, November 10, 1846, MDM GB XXIV, 130: “I know there are several [music sellers] … who have expressed their determination to print the songs if they could get hold of them.”
56. T. Brewer, Secretary of the Sacred Harmonic Society, to Felix, September 24, 1846, MDM GB XXIV, 50, and Felix to Brewer, October 7, 1846, Edwards: 1896, 101–2.
57 . Felix to Buxton, December 30, 1846, MDM c. 42, fol. 81; on the principal changes, see Edwards: 1896, 99–100; and Joseph Bennett: 1882–1883.
58 . I. Moscheles, 329.
59 . Felix to Paul, February 14, 1847, NYPL No. 722.
60 . Felix to Buxton, February 17, 1847, LC (Music 1055).
61 . MDM c. 37. The score was published in London in 1880; a modern edition is available (Stuttgart, 1986).
62 . LC, Moldenhauer Archives. See Todd: 2000, 313–20.
63 . See Edwards: 1896, 100.
64 . Felix to Bartholomew, March 10, and Bartholomew to Felix, March 19, 1847, ibid., 120–22.
65 . Felix to Buxton, March 18, 1847, LC (Music 1055); a facs. of the metronome markings is in Edwards: 1896, 125–26.
66 . Felix to Carl Grenser, flutist and “Inspector” of the Conservatory, January 10, 1847, in Evans, Todd, and Olson, 137–38.
67 . F. Moscheles: 1888, 284.
68 . See Häfner, 262–64; E. Devrient, Recollections , 290.
69 . Felix to Robert Naumann, February 12, 1847, in LA , 232; and Kraków, MN 42.
70 . NZfM 26 (1847), 147–48; AmZ 49 (1847), 195–96. See also Großmann-Vendrey: 1969, 169.
71 . Lampadius: 1877, 155–56.
72 . Felix to Lind, October 31, 1846, Holland and Rockstro, 242.
73 . Felix to Dirichlet, January 4, 1847, P. Mendelssohn Bartholdy: 1863, 277.
74 . Felix to Droysen, April 5, 1847, Wehmer, 104–5.
75 . Felix to Klingemann, January 31, 1847; Klingemann, 319. The drawings are now preserved at Yale University, Beinecke Rare Book Library, New Haven, Conn.
76 . F. Moscheles: 1888, 286.
77 . See ibid., 284–85; I. Moscheles, 333; and F. Moscheles: 1899, 103–5.
78 . Felix to Jenny Lind, October 12, 1846, Holland and Rockstro, 233.
79 . Lumley, 163.
80 . Felix to Paul, February 4, 1847, NYPL No. 718.
81 . Chorley, Modern German Music II, 389.
82 . Lumley, 168.
83 . Felix to Geibel, January 30, 1847, in Schnoor, 118.
84 . Felix to Klingemann, Lumley, and Gruneison, February 18, 1847, March 10, and March 10, 1847, in Klingemann, 321, 326–27.
85 . Schnoor, 120–28; Todd: 1997, 124.
86 . Felix to Lattner, March 11, 1847, in MLL , 277.
87 . Kraków, BJ MN 44, 1–10.
88 . Buxton to Felix, January 8, 1847, GB XXV, 20; see also Brodbeck: 1994, 198ff.
89 . Frederick William IV to his brother Carl, March 19, 1847, cited in Barclay, 126n.
90 . MF II, 334.
91 . Somewhat complicating the issue of borrowing is the existence of a short piano piece by Fanny, based on the theme of her Lied, that appeared posthumously as the second of the Zwei Bagatellen für die Schüler des Schindelmeisser’schen Musik-Instituts , Berlin, 1848. No dated autograph survives, leaving open the possibility that the Bagatelle was composed first, then recalled by Felix in the aria from Elijah , and finally reused by Fanny in her Piano Trio. On the Zwei Bagatellen , see Hellwig-Unruh: 2000, 275–76.
92 . Clara Schumann to E. Pacher von Theinberg, June 15, 1847, in Wendler, 148.
93 . Rockstro, 126.
94 . H. Phillips, II, 243.
95 . The Times , April 19, 1847, 6, and April 24, 1847, 5. Ironically enough, George Perry had composed his own oratorio on Elijah in 1819.
96 . While in Manchester, Felix played the organ at St. Luke’s Church, Cheetham Hill, before a large audience. “Mendelssohn in Manchester, 1847,” W. T. Freemantle Papers, LC. I am grateful to Peter Ward Jones for this reference.
97 . Journal of Edgar Alfred Bowring, April 23, 1847, William R. Perkins Library, Duke University, Durham, N.C.
98 . April 24, 1847; trans. in Edwards: 1896, 127. The original, bound in blue silk with gold lettering, is in MDM d. 23.
99 . Mary Ann Evans to Mary Sibree, May 10, 1847, in Haight, 42.
100 . The Times , April 28, 1847, 6.
101 . Beatty-Kingston, 35–36. The author reports that he had already heard the composer conduct at a Philharmonic concert, which presumably would have been Felix’s last appearance there, on April 26, 1847.
102 . A. J. C. Hare, The Life and Letters of Frances Baroness Bunsen , N.Y., 1880, II, 98; Alexander: 1972, 86.
103 . Entry of May 1, 1847, cited in Marek, 306.
104 . I. Moscheles, 340.
105 . Morton Latham, Alfredo Piatti: A Sketch , London, 1901, 47, 76.
106 . E. S. J. Van der Straeten, History of the Violoncello , London, 1914, 583.
107 . The Times , May 5, 1847, 5.
108 . Anna Joanna Alexander to Felix, May 6, 1847, GB XXV, 264.
109 . The Times , May 6, 1847, 5.
110 . Royal Library, Windsor. Notwithstanding the account of Jules Benedict (Benedict, 55–56), accepted by Groves and others, Felix did not visit Queen Victoria and Prince Albert at Buckingham Palace on May 8 (communication from Peter Ward Jones).
111 . Benedict, 55–56.
112 . The Athenaeum , after April 16, 1847, cited in J. Werner: 1965, 28; Shaw, 68.
113 . Felix to Bartholomew, December 30, 1846, in Edwards: 1896, 106.
114 . See Jahn: 1848.
115 . On the use of recurring motives, see Smither, IV, 181–82.
116 . Friedhelm Krummacher has shown, too, how the fugal subject contains traces of the fugue from the Overture, thus linking the endpoints of the oratorio. See Krummacher: 2001, 333–34.
117 . “The Mendelssohnian Cadence,” MT (1956), 17–19; rep. in Mendelssohn’s ‘Elijah’ , 84–92.
118 . Hiller, 171; Werner: 1963, 471. The Hebrew melody is cited in Werner: 1980, 498.
119 . Sposato: 2000, 355.
120 . Werner: 1963, 459–60.
121 . Jahn: 1848, in MahW , 366.
122 . Sposato: 2000, ch. V, upon which the following discussion draws.
123 . Ibid., 357.
124 . Schubring to Felix, June 15, 1846, Schubring: 1892, 222–23.
125 . Felix to Bartholomew, December 30, 1846, Edwards: 1896, 106.
126 . See Jack Werner: 1965, 54–56.
127 . Staehelin, in MahW , 121–36.
128 . Krummacher, Elias der Thisbiter , Elberfeld, 1828–1833, cited in Staehelin, 129.
129 . Jahn: 1848, in MahW , 366.
130 . See the “Vorwort” to my edition of Christus (Stuttgart, 1994), and Sposato: 2000, ch. 6.
131 . In a different interpretation communicated to the author, Peter Ward Jones has suggested that Felix’s choice was determined by musical considerations or by his desire to avoid replicating Bach’s text.
132 . Botstein: 1998, 213.
133 . Botstein: 1999, 47.
134 . Ibid., 48.
135 . See Rabien: 1990b, 304–9.
136 . The accounts drawn from Felix to Klingemann, June 3, 1847, Klingemann, 329; and Hinni Mendelssohn to Benjamin and Rosamunde Mende
lssohn, May 21, 1847, Gilbert: 1975, 143–45.
137 . MF II, 335.
138 . Meyerbeer, IV, 243.
139 . Vossische Zeitung , May 18, 1847, facs. in Helmig and Maurer, “Briefe aus den Verlobungszeit,” 162-63.
140 . Felix to Wilhelm Hensel, May 19, 1847, MF II, 337 (SBB MA Ep. 187).
141 . Kraków, BJ, MN 44.
142 . SBB; for facs., see F. Mendelssohn, Aquarellenalbum , ed. M. F. Schneider and C. Hensel, Basel, 1968.
143 . Felix to Rebecka, July 7, 1847, P. Mendelssohn Bartholdy: 1868, 385.
144 . MF II, 338.
145 . Felix to Fanny Horsley, July 9, 1847, Oxford Ms. Horsley, c. 1, fols. 43–44.
146 . MDM g. 10, fol. 52.
147 . Felix to Buxton, July 7, 1847, LC (Music 1055).
148 . Washington, D.C., LC, Moldenhauer Archives.
149 . See Brodbeck: 1994, 200ff.
150 . Felix to Rebecka, July 24, 1847, NYPL No. 731.
151 . Felix to Helmina von Chézy, July 11, 1847, in Waidelich, 173.
152 . Felix to Ignaz Seydlitz, September 19, 1847 (LC, Music 1055), in which Felix ponders writing a psalm, Mass, or Te Deum .
153 . Liverpool Philharmonic Society to Felix, September 1847, MDM GB XXVI, 49.
154 . Heinrich Hoffmann, 157.
155 . Felix to Paul, August 24, 1847, in MLL , 282.
156 . Chorley, Modern German Music , II, 383–400.
157 . Felix to Geibel, August 27, 1847, LC (Music 1055).
158 . Concerning these unpublished portions, see Todd: 1997.
159 . Chorley, Modern German Music II, 389n.
160 . E. Devrient, Recollections , 294.
161 . Werner: 1963, 499.
162 . Warrack: 1987, 297.
163 . I.e., the dominant of a key, say B in the key of E, moving to its submediant (C ♯ ) instead of its tonic.
164 . Georg Knepler, Musikgeschichte des 19. Jahrhunderts , Berlin, 1961, II, 770.
165 . Krummacher: 1984, 80–84. See also Klein: 1982, for an examination of the changes in the autograph score.
166 . Felix to Sebastian Hensel, February 22, 1847, MLL , 381.
167 . Rollett, 36.
168 . Felix to Geibel, September 30, 1847, LC (Music 1055); MF II, 338.
169 . Rockstro, 130.
170 . Dörffel, 116, 254.
171 . I. Moscheles, 338–44.
172 . Moscheles to Josef Fischhof, November 7, 1847, in Rychnovsky, 143.
173 . MDM b. 5, fol. 40.
174 . I. Moscheles, 341.
175 . Ward Jones: 2001, 212–13.
176 . Felix to Frederick William IV, October 17, 1847, MLL , 284.
177 . Rebecka to Felix, October 21, [1847], in Elvers: 1989; Felix to Paul, October 22, 1847, NYPL No. 739.
178 . New-York Tribune , December 13, 1847.
179 . I. Moscheles, 341–44; Rychnovsky; R. Sterndale Bennett; and Benedict; for two short accounts by Charlotte Moscheles, see Alexander: 1972, 102–5.
180 . Ward Jones, 2001.
181 . Several accounts survive: Lampadius, 314ff.; E. Devrient, Recollections , 294–301; Dörffel, 116–19; Gade, 107–9; Rychnowsky; I. Moscheles, 338ff.; Rockstro, 132ff; Reissmann, 298ff., and Brockhaus I, 145–48.
182 . AmZ 49 (1847), 791.
183 . MDM b. 1; a second version was published in Jacob, facing 257.
184 . Three copies survive at the Leipzig Hochschule für Musik und Theater; Oxford, Bodleian, Cons. Res. Objects 1; and MA BA 21.
185 . E. Devrient, Recollections , 297.
186 . Ibid., 299.
187 . Issued between 1855 and 1859, and translated into English in 1882. See the Introduction to Otto Jahn, Life of Mozart , trans. Pauline D. Townsend, London, 1882, i.
188 . MT (May 1, 1848).
189 . E. Devrient, Recollections , 301.
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