by Rosen, Sue;
(d) Sugar growing and refining.
(e) Tobacco production and manufacture.
(f) Abattoirs.
(g) Butter, cheese and milk factories and services.
(h) Flourmills.
(i) Food processing, preservation, canning, margarine, salt manufacture.
(j) Refrigeration and dehydration.
(k) Containers, bags and cases.
7. Engineering Service-at-war:
(i) Engineers and draftsmen.
(ii) Mechanics, blacksmiths and farriers.
(iii) Plumbers, locksmiths, tinsmiths, copper and brass workers.
(iv) Galvanisers, lead and shot, wire rope, cable, fence and barbed wire.
(v) Shovel, spade and pick manufacturers and tool handles.
(vi) Scientific instruments and appliance makers.
(vii) Carriage and body, cycle and motor builders.
(viii) Road-making, farm tractors.
8. War-time Building Construction and Repairs
(i) Architects, carpenters, joiners.
(ii) Concrete and brick.
(iii) Paint and varnish - painters.
(iv) Artists and camouflage.
9. Basic Materials and Services:
(i) Coal.
(ii) Metals and minerals: cement and lime: quarries.
(iii) Timber (forestry, timber supply, sawmills, timber getters, wood workers, charcoal burners, case making and cooperage, match making, airplane supply etc.)
(iv) Leather (tan barks, tanners, leather trades and boot makers).
(v) Textiles etc. (uniforms and essential clothing, wool and cotton mills, water proof and gas proof materials, parachute silks, tent, sail and canvas, bags, dye works).
(vi) Rubber - motor tyres and rubber goods.
(vii) Oil, shale and power alcohol: lubricating oils (castor oil planting).
(viii) Cordage, ropes and twine.
(ix) Paper and pulp.
(x) Paints.
(xi) Drugs and chemicals.
10. Munitions and War Supplies:
(i) Aircraft production.
(ii) Munition and armament factories.
(iii) Explosives: oil refining and distribution.
(iv) Ship building.
In the Netherlands East Indies, the Dutchman daily arrives at his work with tin helmet, gas mask and rifle, ready for Invasion Drill from 4 p.m. to 7 p.m. - or for invasion itself.
Working and fighting are one and the same in this war for the earth.
In production lies our Fighting Strength.
We must do both!
The Ten National Emergency Services must be kept going though battles rage - but with tin helmet, gas mask and rifle (or grenade, or butcher’s knife or club) at the ready.
And ready to march as Citizen Collaboration Columns, with industries and accoutrements complete.
The public is now war conscious, uneasy, both urging and bewildered by urgings, breaking often into vague self-activity leaving essential jobs under emotional stress, asking for battle stations.
It must be given battle stations.
And EVERYONE must be used.
We have to learn how to depute, delegate, and ramify to the uttermost individual.
But the individual must feel in himself that he is freely in his right place, so that he can function with the energy of conviction.
Compulsion will be for the few.
We must start from the basis of reshaping the civil structure - not disordering it, not disintegrating it.
Work must continue and must accelerate; with a pruning of civil and private development, a disappearance of luxury goods, a reduction to the stark essential, a focussing on the laborious planned building of eventual victory through a new rationalisation of every essential energy, a new decentralisation.
- According to the Master Plan.
ø/ THE RURAL COAST - ITS ROUTES AND TERRAIN
There are two essentially different sectors of our coast:
1. The Rural Coasts, North and South.
2. The Industrial Urban Concentration of Newcastle-Sydney-Port Kembla.
It is to be assumed that both will be the scene of air bombings and shellings, and the first of landings, enemy infiltration, assembly and convergence on the second with attempts at outflanking by inland detour.
- And that, whilst our fighting forces give battle, our civilian forces will withdraw to the forests on the flanks, leaving behind neither hostage, water, sustenance nor oil for the enemy, maintaining themselves as Civil Collaboration Columns, supplying and reinforcing our soldiers, scouting, guiding, requisitioning, tank-trapping, giving total and conforming support to the military plan, and keeping open lines of communication inland, whilst blocking the enemy in the bottlenecks of the mountain highways and in the cul de sacs of the forests.
The accompanying map of N.S.W. illustrates the coastal routes and terrain, viz:
1. State Highways.
2. Main Roads.
3. Subsidiary Roads.
4. Bad bottlenecks.
5. Impassable country.
6. Cul de sacs.
7. Refugee centers.
8. Railways.
9. Dangerous outlet routes from coast to inland.
10. Coastal outlet routes recommended.
Along the whole length of the N.S.W. coast there are seven State Highways and eleven Main Roads leading from the sea to inland.
Otherwise there are no subsidiary roads capable of carrying wheeled traffic across the coastal escarpment.
There are tracks which can be used by bushmen on horse or afoot.
Most of the State Highways or Main Roads in question possess bad bottlenecks where traffic jams can cause disaster, or conversely provide defensive and delaying positions and road blocks. The approximate positions of those bottlenecks are shown in red on the routes marked on the map.
The bottlenecks consist mostly of steep winding grades, especially on the slopes of the Main Dividing Range. In other places the roads lead through narrow, deep river gorges.
From the Queensland border south to Camden Haven, the mean distance from the coast to the eastern edge of the tablelands is in an air line about 60 miles, and the time needed for withdrawal in average 20 mile daily stages is generally four to six days by road. As most of the routes are along river valleys, water is plentiful - against this, water supplies cannot be withheld from an enemy.
Interposed between those routes (further particulars of which are given hereunder) are areas of impassable country, in many instances terminating in cul de sacs from which retiring civilians or advancing enemy would find extrication almost impossible, and the former event must be carefully avoided. All population must be drained northerly and southerly to the most convenient of the outlet roads.
Of all the outlet routes from the coast to the inland, four State Highways numbered on the map (1), (9), (12) and (13) are the most easily traversed and the most difficult to defend, and with the exception of No. (12) all of them could be by-passed by an advancing enemy.
These danger routes are in order of numbering, north to south:
(l) New England Highway where it parallels the Queensland border and the Main Road Extension leading from it to Kyogle-Casino.
(9) New England Highway leading from Newcastle through the Hunter Valley.
(12) Great Western Highway leading westerly from Sydney.
(13) Hume Highway leading south-westerly from Sydney.
Special measures will be needed to safe-guard retirement along these routes; also for their defence.
No. 1 is a circuitous route and should be availed of for the retirement of those civilians inhabiting the immediately adjacent country.
The general retirement for the Tweed-Lismore-Casino area and for the Upper Clarence River Valley, should be via Main Road No. 8 on map and which leads westerly from Casino over the Richmond Range and through Tabulam and Drake to Tenterfield.
Good main and developmental roads intersect this route in a no
rth and south direction in the Richmond and Clarence Valleys, and these will easily serve to drain the population of this portion of the State and lead then to the western outlet along No. 8.
No. 2 Route: Retirement from Casino to Tenterfield or vicinity would occupy about five days, traversing 20 miles average per day.
First day retire to Theresa Creek or Shannon Brook, good travelling through cleared country. Water usually available in creeks; envelopment by enemy easily achieved on this stage. About 16 miles.
Second day - cross Richmond Range and camp on west of river at Tabulam. Abundant water in river. Enemy could be delayed on Richmond Range slopes. Mostly clear country will be traversed. About 18 miles.
Third day - to Cataract River, Sandy Hills, traverse much timber country - Girard State Forest. Long stage - 27 miles. Abundant water.
Fourth day - climb range, destroy road up ascent and camp on river near Tenterfield. About 14 or 15 miles.
No. 3 Route - State Highway, Grafton to Glen Innes:
First day - Chambigne Creek Water. Nine miles. Camp in timber. Abundant water. Mostly clear country traversed.
Second day - camp at Buccarumbi. Abundant water. Timbered and cleared country traversed. About 18 miles.
Third day - along very winding, narrow River Road to Sheep Station Creek. Timbered and open. Abundant water. About 20 miles; block road.
Fourth day - to about Bruisers Creek. Mixed country, still in valleys. About 16 miles.
Fifth day - to Mann River. Abundant water, mixed country. About 17 miles.
Sixth day - climb Big Hill. Camp about Bald Knob. Sabotage road Big Hill.
No. 4 Route - Grafton to Ebor:
First day - Blaxlands or Coolang Creek, through open country. Twenty miles. Abundant water. Otherwise Nymboida River, 29 miles.
Second day - to Clouds Creek, mostly climbing and through timber. Water. 23 miles, or Billys Creek 23 miles.
Third day - Little Falls Creek (on Tableland) - sabotage cuttings.
No. 5 Route - Coffs Harbour to Ebor:
First day - to Coramba, water abundant. Clear country, 15 miles.
Second day - Coramba to Brooklana, mountain road, abundant water. Twenty miles. Sabotage 7 mile mountain road.
Third day - to Dorrigo. Narrow, winding roads, easily blocked, or via Cascade deviation. Forest road, 22 miles. Abundant water.
Fourth day - Middle Creek top, 23 miles. Mountain roads, abundant water.
No. 6 Route - Raleigh-Dorrigo Tableland
1st day Bellingen by open road - 12 miles
2nd day to Dorrigo - steep mountain blockade - 20 miles.
3rd day to Middle Creek - 23 miles.
No. 7 Route - Kempsey to Tableland:
1st day Hickey Creek - 17 miles.
2nd day Bellbrook - 16 miles.
3rd day Lagoon Creek - 16 miles.
4th day foot of Big Hill - 18 miles.
5th day to Styx or Jeogla tops.
Abundant water throughout and almost the whole length of road can be blockaded through narrow cuttings and steep grades. Much timbered country.
No. 8 Route - Port Macquarie to Tableland:
1st day to about Gannons Creek - 20 miles easy country.
2nd day Yarras Creek - 23 miles blockade roads.
3rd day Sawmill - 23 miles “ “
4th day Yarrowitch Tops - 23 miles “ “
Water abundant throughout - much road easily blocked.
Nos. 9 & 10 Routes:
Must follow main roads. Sufficient water will be a problem at present. Newcastle area.
Nos. 11, 12 & 13 Routes:
Would be dealt with under evacuation from Metropolitan area plans.
No. 14 Route - Albion Park to Moss Vale:
1st day Robertson - 17 miles. Block mountain road.
2nd day to Moss Vale.
No. 15 Route - Nowra to Moss Vale:
1st day Kangaroo Valley. Water. 15 miles.
2nd day Moss Vale - 21 miles. Sabotage mountain road.
No. 16 Route - Nowra to Braidwood:
1st day Poor water.
2nd day Nerriga. Sabotage cuttings - 43 miles.
3rd day Charleyong - 20 miles. Water available.
4th day Braidwood - 15 miles.
No. 17 Route - Bateman’s Bay to Braidwood:
1st day foot or top of Clyde Mountain, vicinity Monga. Water bad to this point, except for small splashes over roadway. About 25 miles.
2nd day Braidwood - total 41 miles. Blockade mountain.
No. 18 Route - Moruya to Braidwood:
1st day to Burrundulla - 20 miles. Water abundant.
2nd day - Araluen. Blockade cuttings on river.
3rd day - Braidwood. Blockade mountain road.
No. 19 Route - Bega to Nimmitabel (Brown Mountain Road).
1st day Bemboka. Winding road open country - 22 miles.
2nd day - top of mountain - sabotage road.
3rd day - Nimmitabel - 26 miles.
No. 20 Route - Bega to Bombala:
1st day - to foot of Tantawanglo Mountain - 20 miles.
2nd day - to Cathcart - 19 miles.
3rd day - to Bombala - 11 miles.
Total about 50 miles.
No. 21 Route, Pambula to Bombala, and Eden to Bombala:
(a) Pambula-Bombala (about 52 miles).
1st day - to Wyndham - 19 miles.
2nd day - to Cathcart - 22 miles.
3rd day - to Bombala - 11 miles.
(b) Eden-Bombala (about 58½ miles).
1st day - to Burragate - 25 miles.
2nd day - to Cathcart - 22½ miles
3rd day - to Bombala - 11 miles.
Further details of each route can be obtained from the Forest Officer whose area is concerned.
Details of all subsidiary draining roads leading to them can also be furnished.
Emergency road construction required:
A glance at the map indicates that the Manning River Valley, with important centres of population like Taree, is the worst served area on the coast for a retirement to the highlands, no trafficable road existing.
A road up this valley would serve the population from as far south as Stroud.
Two road outlets should be constructed to this valley, firstly the missing link from about Knorritt Flat to Nowendoc, about 30 miles, which would give direct outlet from Taree and Wingham to Walcha. There already exists fair shire roads from Walcha to Nowendoc, and from Wingham to Knorritt Flat.
This road could serve the Nowendoc forests and could probably be extended to serve the Hanging Rock forests.
The second road should lead from Gloucester up the main Manning River basin and linking with a road up the Upper Hunter River, and so inland.
A road linking the Bulga Plateau with the Oxley Highway, via Doyles River, would also be advantageous.
ø/ BATTLE ORDERS FOR THE PLAIN CITIZEN ON THE RURAL COAST - A CITIZEN COLLABORATION CODE:
The Plain Citizen will function-at-war, in this war, in four essential roles, viz:-
1. As a Private person.
2. In Business.
3. As Amateur Combatants.
4. In Civil Collaboration Columns
and in two stages - which telescope in emergency; viz:
1. Before battle.
2. During battle.
In England in January, 1942, two British Field Security police, wearing German uniforms and talking German and broken English:
ø/ Mixed with the London public without the slightest obstruction.
ø/ Obtained important information from an R.A.F. flight lieutenant and an Army Officer.
ø/ Borrowed cigarettes from a civilian.
ø/ Had tea in the best German manner in the most popular cafe.
ø/ Were not challenged by the Plain Citizen.
This war is the Plain Citizen’s business!
These are the Plain Citizen’s Battle Orders for the Rural Coast of N.S.W.:-
Battle Orders for the Plain Citizen - (i)
As a private person:
1. Every citizen will at once complete Air Raid Precautions for his home and business, viz:
(i) Complete blackout and anti-shatter his windows.
(ii) Provide himself with bomb shovel and rake and water receptacles filled for both fire extinction and drinking purposes.
(iii) Fire spotting.
(iv) Provide his own air raid shelter or dig a sawtooth slit trench in his back yard.
(v) Provide a supply of non-perishable food in the home.
2. Every citizen will refrain from lighting camp fires, loose fires, burning-off; and be responsible for the immediate extinction of any outbreak on his land, and to his neighbours for assistance in similar case.
3. Every citizen will economise in expenditure; purchase no luxury goods or non-essentials; refrain from hoarding essentials, suspend development - and salvage aluminium, rubber, twine, rope, bags ...
4. Every citizen will parcel his personal valuables, documents (birth and marriage certificates, deeds, scrip &c.) maps and luxury goods - and lodge them in a place of safety inland if possible, and destroy maps - no map, even an ordinary tourist, advertising or railway map, must fall into enemy hands.
5. Every citizen will note the presence and movements of any suspicious alien stranger - German, Japanese, Italian, Finn, Thailander, ... and let it not be said that the enemy or the Fifth Column can bluff the Plain Citizen from his personal responsibility. Report to the Police.
6. Every citizen in his area will locate and keep watch on all potential landing places from air or sea - and learn to identify aeroplanes - particularly Japanese. He will immediately supply his information to the Police or Military.
7. Every citizen will arrange for the early or prior transfer to relatives or friends in safe areas of infirm members of his family, or of young children.
8. Every citizen who owns a motor vehicle will keep it full of petrol ready for emergency - by either economising in his ordinary use of petrol, or by conversion to producer gas5 and charcoal.
9. Every citizen will have half-packed and ready for any emergency:
A week’s provisions per person, of small compass, as follows, or similar:
¼ lb. tea; ½ lb. sugar; 1 lb. slab chocolate; 3x8 oz. tins beef; 2 lbs. rice; 1 large