Rodenwaldt, Ernst, 1
Röhlfs, Friedrich, 1
Röhm, Ernst, 1, 2, 3, 4
Rohrbach, Dr Paul, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Rooi Nasie (Red Nation), 1, 2, 3
Roosevelt, Theodore, 1
Rosenberg, Alfred, 1, 2
Rossbach, Gerhard, 1
Rümann, Wilhelm, 1
Russia: German plans to colonise in World War I, 1;
see also Soviet Union
Russian Revolution (1917), 1
SA (Brown Shirts), 1, 2, 3, 4
Sahara, 1, 2
Samoa, 1, 2
San (‘Bushmen’), 1, 2
Sauckel, Fritz, 1
Schaeffer (baker), 1
Schering, Captain, 1
Schlieffen, General Alfred von, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Schmidt, Lieutenant, 1
Schultze, Leonard, 1
Schultze, Walther, 1
Schutztruppe: composition and character, 1;
Brown Shirts borrow from uniforms, 1, 2
Schwabe, Kurt, 1
Scott, C. P., 1
scurvy, 1
Sebulon, Chief, 1
Second World War see World War II
Seifert, Otto, 1
Seitz, Theodor, 1, 2, 3
Senegal, 1, 2
Shark Island, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
sharks, 1
Sharpeville, 1
slavery: British abolition, 1;
in Congo, 1;
Witbooi women enslaved by Germans, 1
Slavs, 1, 2
Smuts, Jan, 1, 2
Social Darwinism, 1, 2, 3
Solf, Hannah, 1
Solf, Wilhelm, 1, 2, 3
Solf Circle, 1
South Africa (formerly Cape Colony): Boers in, 1, 2;
gold discovered, 1;
Boer War, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5;
treatment of blacks, 1, 2;
Boers as influence on German race laws, 1;
invades South-West Africa during World War I, 1, 2;
takes over South-West Africa, 1;
exposes German genocide despite earlier connivance, 1, 2;
South African Congress criticises for treatment of blacks, 1;
Versailles Treaty puts South-West Africa under control of, 1;
regime in South-West Africa, 1;
Apartheid, 1;
Namibia wins independence, 1
South-West Africa (Namibia): climate and geography of coast, 1;
European exploration and influence, 1, 2;
indigenes’ history and way of life, 1;
initial German acquisition, 1;
natural resources, 1;
German attempt to consolidate hold via treaties with indigenes ends in failure, 1, 2;
war between Herero and Witbooi Nama, 1, 2;
hoax gold find, 1;
German sending of military mission culminates in Hoornkrans massacre, 1;
subsequent Witbooi resistance, 1;
Leutwein’s appointment as governor leads to various Nama treaties, 1;
German immigration encouraged, 1;
German fascination with country and its indigenes, 1;
outbreaks of cattle, crop and human diseases, 1;
land ownership, 1;
Rinderpest gives Germans ideas of how to speed up land acquisition, 1;
Germans prepare for large-scale settlement, 1;
railways built, 1;
native reserves established, 1;
frustrations of German colonists lead to increased violence, 1;
Germans wage war against Bondelswarts, 1, 2;
German-Herero War, 1;
Germans issue Extermination Order against Herero, 1;
German Cleansing Patrols, 1, 2;
concentration camps started, 1;
German-Nama War, 1, 2;
situation when von Lindequist takes over, 1;
ethnic cleansing of Herero completed, 1;
German ‘final solution’, 1;
German government fails to raise extra funds for, 1;
German rewriting of wars against indigenes, 1, 2;
German treatment of surviving indigenes, 1;
German appropriation of all land, 1;
Germans encourage agriculture, 1;
colonists’ way of life, 1;
diamond rush, 1;
women colonists, 1;
laws against racial mixing, 1;
British and South Africans capture during World War I, 1;
South Africans discover truth about genocide, 1;
German genocide exposed, 1, 2;
Versailles Treaty puts under control of South Africa, 1;
German nostalgia for, 1, 2, 3;
German and Nazi aspirations to regain, 1, 2;
Nazi sympathies of remaining German settlers, 1, 2;
genocide not mentioned at Nuremberg, 1;
South African regime, 1;
South Africa buries facts of genocide, 1;
attitude to genocide nowadays, 1, 2, 3;
independence, 1;
life nowadays, 1;
Herero file claim for reparations, 1;
German government apologises, 1;
whose fault was the genocide?, 1
South-West African Colonial Company, 1
South-West African Settlers’ Company, 1
Soviet Union: Nazi plans for colonising, 1;
Operation Barbarossa, 1, 2, 3;
see also Russia
Spain, and Cuba, 1
Spellmeyer, Christian, 1
Spiecker, Missionary Director, 1
Spring Offensive (1918), 1
SS, 1, 2
Stahmer, Dr Otto, 1
Stalhelm, 1
Stanley, Henry Morton, 1
Stauch, August, 1
sterilisations, forced, 1, 2
Stevens (gold prospector), 1
Stillfried und Rattonitz, Count Georg von, 1, 2
Stillfried Report, 1
Strasser, Gregor, 1
Strasser, Otto, 1
Stuebel, Oskar, 1, 2
Stuhlman, Major, 1
Stukart, Wilhelm, 1
Sudan, 1
Swakopmund: Germans take over, 1;
railway links, 1, 2;
increase in importance, 1, 2, 3;
British capture in World War I, 1
Swakopmund concentration camp: establishment and description, 1, 2, 3;
von Lindequist visits, 1;
body parts industry, 1;
South Africans discover graveyards, 1, 2
SWAPO, 1
swastikas, 1
Tanga, battle of (1914), 1
Tanganyika (Tanzania), 1
Tasmania, 1, 2
Tecklenburg, Hans, 1, 2, 3
Thule Society, 1, 2, 3, 4
Tilly (brig), 1, 2
Tjamuaha, Maharero: agrees to protection treaty with Göring, 1;
war with Witbooi Nama, 1, 2;
prospecting contract with Lewis, 1;
cautious policy towards German military mission, 1;
opposed to attacking them, 1;
signs new treaty with them, 1;
Hendrik Witbooi urges to unite against Germans, 1;
death and succession struggle, 1
Tjienda, Traugott, 1
Togo: Germans claim, 1;
function as German colony, 1;
eighty Witbooi deported to, 1;
race laws, 1, 2;
French invade in World War I, 1;
Britain hands over to UN, 1
Topnaar Nama, 1
trade, 1, 2
Treitschke, Heinrich von, 1
Trench, Colonel Frederick, 1, 2
Trotha, General Adrian Dietrich Lothar von: background and character, 1;
and German-Herero War, 1, 2;
issues Extermination Order, 1;
and concentration camps, 1, 2, 3, 4;
and German-Nama War, 1, 2, 3;
relieved of command, 1, 2;
honoured in Germa
ny, 1;
legacy to South-West Africa, 1;
papers examined during investigation into German genocide, 1
Trotha, Lieutenant Thilo von, 1, 2
Tsain Nama, 1
Tsaobis, 1
Tsoachaib, 1
Turner, Frederick Jackson, 1
Uganda, 1
Ukraine, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
USA: Native Americans, 1;
German immigration, 1, 2;
influence on Germans of its conquest of the West, 1, 2, 3, 4;
Midwestern agriculture as inspiration for German colonies, 1;
Confederate States as influence on German race laws, 1;
enters World War I, 1;
attitude to German genocide in South-West Africa, 1, 2;
post-World War II attitude to colonialism, 1;
support for eugenics, 1, 2
Vedder, Heinrich, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Veldschoendrager Nama, 1, 2
Veldskoendraers, 1
Verschuer, Otmar von, 1, 2
Versailles, Treaty of (1919), 1, 2
Vogelsang, Heinrich, 1, 2, 3
Voigts, Gustav, 1
Völkisch movement, 1
Völkischer Beobachter (newspaper), 1, 2
Wagner, Gerhard, 1
Waldersee, Alfred von, 1
Walker, Dr Henry, 1, 2
Walvis Bay, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Warmbad, 1, 2
Warthegau, 1
Wasserfall, Georg, 1
Waterberg, 1
Waterberg, battle of the (1904), 1, 2
Weimar, 1
West German Society for Colonisation and Export, 1
Westernhagen, Lieutenant von, 1
Wieczorek-Zeul, Heidemarie, 1
Wiesenthal, Simon, 1
wildlife, 1, 2
Wilhelm II, Kaiser: replaces Bismarck with con Caprivi, 1;
caught up in controversy over Witbooi treaty, 1;
close friends, 1, 2;
and Boxer Rebellion, 1;
reaction to Bondelswart killing of Schutztruppe officer, 1;
and German-Herero War, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6;
reaction to Extermination Order, 1;
commissions Stillfried Report, 1, 2;
acquits Stillfried of unlawfully bringing Herero ‘servant’ back to Germany, 1;
honours von Trotha, 1;
appropriates all indigene land in South-West Africa, 1, 2;
believes can win World War I, 1;
promotes von Lettow-Vorbeck, 1;
exile in Holland after war, 1
Wilhelm’s Fort, 1, 2
Wilson, Woodrow, 1, 2, 3
Windhoek: Germans settle, 1;
Witbooi Nama raid, 1;
railway, 1;
German frustrations fan flames of racial hatred there, 1;
unveiling of Rider Statue, 1;
transformation into simulacrum of European city, 1, 2;
numbers of registered businesses, 1;
South Africans capture during World War I, 1;
Nazi sympathies, 1, 2;
police kill anti-Apartheid demonstrators, 1;
modern racial and ethnic integration, 1
Windhoek concentration camp, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Wissmann, Hermann, 1, 2, 3
Witbooi, Hendrik: background and character, 1, 2;
war with Herero, 1, 2, 3;
rejects idea of German protection treaty, 1;
deals with German gold prospectors, 1;
opposition to Germans, 1;
and Hoornkrans massacre, 1, 2;
daughter enslaved by Germans, 1;
increases resistance to Germans, 1;
forced into German treaty after attack on Naukluft Mountains, 1;
wealth, 1;
and German-Nama War, 1, 2;
diaries captured by Germans, 1;
limitations as leader for colonised people, 1;
death, 1, 2;
modern descendants, 1
Witbooi, Hendrik Samuel, 1
Witbooi, Izaak, 1, 2
Witbooi, Klein Hendrik, 1, 2, 3
Witbooi, Peter, 1
Witbooi (White Boys) Nama: origins of name, 1;
war with Herero, 1, 2, 3;
reject German offer of protection treaty, 1;
call on Herero to unite against Germans, 1;
opposition to Germans leads to Hoornkrans massacre, 1;
peace with Herero, 1;
substantial resistance to Germans, 1;
forced into German treaty after attack on Naukluft Mountains, 1;
visit Berlin to take part in Colonial Show, 1, 2;
native reserve established, 1;
compelled to serve Germans during German-Herero War, 1, 2, 3;
war against Germans, 1, 2, 3;
sent to concentration camps, 1;
Germans consider unfit for labour, 1;
German ‘final solution’, 1;
eighty deported to Togo, 1;
numbers exterminated by Germans, 1;
treatment of survivors, 1;
incarcerated survivors released by South Africans, 1;
veterans fight in war for Namibian independence, 1;
life nowadays, 1;
memorialisation of genocide, 1
Witzenhausen German Colonial School, 1
Woermann, Adolf, 1, 2
Woermann trading and shipping company, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Woermann Brock Company, 1
Wolf (gunboat), 1
World War I (1914–18): in Africa, 1;
Eastern Front, 1, 2;
German colonialism in Europe, 1;
Western Front, 1, 2
World War II (1939–45): German colonialism, 1, 2;
Operation Barbarossa, 1, 2, 3;
socialist view of hypocrisy of, 1
Wyk, Hermanus van, 1
Zeraua, Barmenias, 1
Zeraua, Katherine, 1
Zhytomyr, 1
Zülow, Commander von, 1, 2, 3
Zürn, Lieutenant Ralph, 1, 2, 3
About the Author
David Olusoga is an Anglo-Nigerian historian and producer. Working across radio and television, his programmes have explored the themes of colonialism, slavery and scientific racism. He has travelled extensively in Africa, and has been drawn to Namibia and its troubled history for several years. He currently works as a producer for the BBC.
Born in Denmark, Casper W Erichsen has lived in Africa for the last 14 years. He obtained both his degrees in History at the University of Namibia, devoting much of his scholarship to the genocide of the Herero and Nama peoples. He is currently the Director of a Namibian NGO dealing with HIV and AIDS.
Copyright
First published in 2010
by Faber and Faber Ltd
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This ebook edition first published in 2010
All rights reserved
© David Olusoga and Casper W. Erichsen, 2010
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This ebook is copyright material and must not be copied, reproduced, transferred, distributed, leased, licensed or publicly performed or used in any way except as specifically permitted in writing by the publishers, as allowed under the terms and conditions under which it was purchased or as strictly permitted by applicable copyright law. Any unauthorised distribution or use of this text may be a direct infringement of the author’s and publisher’s rights, and those responsible may be liable in law accordingly
ISBN 978–0–571–26948–8
Herero Chief Tjamuaha KaMaharero and his council in the pre-colonial era.
The Bondelswarts Nama leadership photographed in 1876 in their home town of Warmbad.
Chief Samuel Maharero, who led the Herero nation in their war against the German
colonisers.
Germany’s nemesis, Hendrik Witbooi, Kaptein of the Witbooi Nama, photographed in the 1890s.
Heinrich Ernst Göring, father of Hitler’s deputy Hermann Göring and the first Imperial Commissioner of German South-West Africa.
The Kaiser's Holocaust: Germany's Forgotten Genocide and the Colonial Roots of Nazism Page 47