West, M. L. The East Face of Helicon: West Asiatic Elements in Greek Poetry and Myth. Oxford, New York City: Clarendon Press, 1997.
Wiles, David. Greek Theatre Performance: An Introduction. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000.
Chapter Ten
Bar-Ilan, M. “Prester John: Fiction and History.” History of European Ideas, 20/1-3 (1995): 291–298. http://shoko.lnx.biu.ac.il/~barilm/presjohn.html.
British Library. Medieval Realms. www.bl.uk/learning/histcitizen/medieval/monsters/medievalmonsters.html.
Brooks, Michael E. “Prester John: A Reexamination and Compendium of the Mythical Figure Who Helped Spark European Expansion.” PhD dissertation, University of Toledo, 2009.
Gumilev, Lev. Searches for an Imaginary Kingdom: The Legend of the Kingdom of Prester John. Translated by R. E. F. Smith. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1987.
Heng, Geraldine. An Empire of Magic: Medieval Romance and the Politics of Cultural Fantasy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003.
Chapter Eleven
Birrell, Anne. Chinese Mythology: An Introduction. Baltimore, MD: The John Hopkins University Press, 1993.
Chang, Chun-Shu. Nation, State, and Imperialism in Han China. Vol. 1 of The Rise of the Chinese Empire. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan, 2007.
Curran, James. Review of The Yellow Emperor’s Classics of Internal Medicine. US National Library of Medicine. Last Modified April 2005. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2287209/.
Green, John. “2,000 Years of Chinese History!” Crash Course World History. Podcast video. March 8, 2012. www.youtube.com/watch?v=ylWORyToTo4.
Lagerwey, John, and Marc Kalinowski, eds. Shang Through Han. Vol. 1 of Early Chinese Religion. Boston: Brill Academic Pub, 2009.
Poceski, Mario. Introducing Chinese Religions. London: Routledge, 2009.
Puett, Michael. The Ambivalence of Creation: Debates Concerning Innovation and Artifice in Early China. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001.
Puett, Michael. To Become a God: Cosmology, Sacrifice, and Self-Divinization in Early China. Boston: Harvard University Asia Center, 2004.
Stevens, Keith G. Chinese Mythological Gods. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.
“The Yellow Emperor.” Cultural China. Last modified 2014. http://History.cultural-china.com/en/46History1159.html.
Chapter Twelve
Bedini, Silvio A. “The Role of Automata in the History of Technology.” http://xroads.virginia.edu/~drbr/b_edini.html.
Gopnik, Adam. “A Point of View: Chess and 18th Century Artificial Intelligence.” March 22, 2013. www.bbc.co.uk/news/magazine-21876120.
Standage, Tom. The Turk: The Life and Times of the Famous Eighteenth Century Chess Playing Machine. New York: Walker and Company, 2002.
Wood, Gaby. Edison’s Eve: A Magical History of the Quest for Mechanical Life. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2002.
Image Credits
Chapter One
Confucius temple and statue (Thinkstock # 177703619; photographer: OSTILL)
Analects by Confucius and followers in 2nd century BCE, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: http://kanbun.info/keibu/rongo0307.html via Fukutaro in 2007
Famous Confucian Statue of the Ashikaga Gakko, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Abasaa in 2013
Chapter Two
Image of dentures courtesy of Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association
George Washington on a horse at age 45 courtesy of Mount Vernon Ladies’ Association
George Washington the First Good President started by Gilbert Stuart in 1797, finished in 1846, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Clark Art Institute via Docu 2010
John Hancock signature, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Pubic Domain / Source: US Declaration of Independence via Tim Packer 2006
Grand Union Flag, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Hosie 2006
Chapter Three
Pythagoras teaching (Thinkstock # 92846197; photographer: Photos.com)
Woodcut of Pythagorean Harmonies by Franchino Gaffurio in 1490, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: www.chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/15th/GAFTM1_02GF.gif via Zupftom in 2009
Chapter Four
Hiawatha’s Belt courtesy of the Iroquois Indian Museum
Map of the early United States courtesy of the University of Texas Libraries
An Iroquois longhouse, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Gordy, Wilbur F. Stories of American History. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1920. Page 20.
Chapter Five
Gilgamesh Flood tablet (Thinkstock # 92819125; photographer: Photos.com)
Ziggurat of Ur, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons / Public Domain by author Tla2006 / photograph taken July 1, 2006
Meso map, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5 by author Joeyhewitt in 2012
Chapter Six
Major Martin ID card from 1943 photograph taken in 1953, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Ewen Montagu team via Belissarius in 2011
Operation Husky Principal Targets Map, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: The Army Air Forces in WWII, Volume 2 via 489thCorsica in 2009
Chapter Seven
Shakespeare’s Six Known Signatures, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Two Sources: Shakespeare and his Times, and Shakespeare’s Handwriting via Tom Reedy in 2011
Shakespeare’s home (Thinkstock # 89208375)
Chapter Eight
Pope Joan from a tarot card deck 1450, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Pierpont Morgan Library via Shakko in 2009
Chapter Nine
Homer Statue with Lyre (Thinkstock # 94210907; photographer: Gregory Markov)
Odeon of Herodes Atticus (Thinkstock #176990598; photographer: Nils Prause)
Chapter Ten
Prester John map by Ortelius in 1603, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Theatrum obis terrarium via Woudloper 2007
Illustration from the Nuremburg Chronicle by Hartmann Schedel 1493, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Beloit College via Chris 73 in 2006
Christopher Columbus’s copy of Marco Polo’s Travels 15th century, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: “Le Livre des Merveilles” via World Imaging in 2007
Battle between Mongols and Chinese in 1211 (1430), courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Bibliotheque nationale de France, Department des Manuscrits, Divisions orientale via Bahatur 2010
Crusader art (Thinkstock #92831883; photographer: Photos.com)
Chapter Eleven
Chi You, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: http://www1.vecceed.ne.jp/~watagi/page022.html via 2006
Mausoleum of Huangdi image courtesy of C. B. Wentworth
Footprints of Huangdi image courtesy of C. B. Wentworth
CMOC Treasures of Ancient China Exhibit Dagger-Axe, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons / CC BY-SA 2.5 by author Editor at Large in 2007
Great Wall and Terracotta figure (Thinkstock #175564737; photographer Hung_Chung_Chih)
Five Races Flag, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Ericmetro 2012
Chapter Twelve
Garry Kasparov playing chess (Thinkstock # 2707888; photographer Mario Tama)
Photo of the Reconstruction of the Chess Playing Automaton, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons CC-BY-SA-3.0,2.5,2.0,1.0 / Attribution: Carafe at en.wikipedia 2007
Automaton in the Swiss Museum CIMA 8332, courtesy of Wikmedia Commons CeCill / Attribution: Marku 1988 in 2007
Joseph Racknitz’s The Turk, courtesy of Wikimedia Commons Public Domain / Source: Humbolt University pilot natural history project: Die Wissenschaftlichen Sammlungen
Index
A
Achilles, 58, 93, 94, 95, 97, 98, 103
Adams, Abigail, 22
Adams, John, 19, 20, 24, 25
Aeneid, The, 101
Agamem
non, 93, 94, 95, 97, 103
Allies, 60, 61, 62, 70
Analects (Confucius), 3, 4, 12
Aoidoi, 96, 97
Apollodorus, 32
Astronomia Pythagorica, 35
Automata, 133
Autopsy, 64
B
Babbage, Charles, 141, 142
Bacon, Delia, 79
Bacon, Sir Francis, 79, 80, 82
Barnum, P. T., 139
Battle of Banquan, 121
Battle of Germantown, 22
Battle of Trenton, 21
Battle of Zhoulu, 122
Beguines, 89
Bishop Hugh, 105, 106, 118
Bishop Jacque de Vitry, 109
Boccaccio, Giovanni, 86
British Museum, 50, 51, 55
Brooke, Arthur, 81
C
Caesar, Julius, 88
Cartwright, Edmund, 142
Catalani, Jordan, 113
Cayuga, 40, 45
Chaucer, Geoffrey, 102
Chess-playing automaton. See Turk (chess-playing automaton)
Chi You, 121, 122, 123
Churchill, Winston, 61, 67
Cicero, 32, 33
Classics of Internal Medicine, 125
Columbus, Christopher, 115, 116
Confucianism, 9
basic relationships of, 11
core values of, 10–11
spread of, 12
Confucius
appearance, 4, 5
early life of, 4–5
followers of, 7–9, 12
Kong Fuzi, 5
principles, 9–11
sayings, 3, 4, 12
Continental Army, 19, 20
Covilhã, Pêro da, 118
Cultures, 57
Curie, Marie, 33
Custis, Martha Dandridge, 18
D
De Claris Mulieribus, 86
Deep Blue (chess-playing computer), 142
Dekanawida
Great Law of Peace, 40–43, 44
meeting with Tadodaho, 43
preaching peace to tribes, 38, 39
de Mailly, Jean, 84, 85, 88
de Vere, Edward, 82
Dialogue on the Two Chief World Systems, 34
Dickens, Charles, 82
Dörpfeld, Wilhelm, 104
E
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 67
Elements, The, 36
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 79
Engels, Friedrich, 48
Enkidu, 52, 53
Epic of Gilgamesh, 51, 56
Ereshkigal, 59
Ethnologists, 44
Euclid, 36
F
Finkel, Irving, 55
Five Races Under One Union, 131
Fleming, Ian, 60
Franklin, Benjamin, 48
G
Galileo, 34
Genghis Khan, 110, 114, 118
Geographia (Ptolemy), 113
Gilgamesh
afterlife for people, 59
Flood tablet, 51
relationship between Enkidu and, 52–53
and Shulgi, 55–57
superhuman character, 57
Weld-Blundell Prism tablet, 53–55
Gilligan’s Island, 95
Graffiti, 88
Grammar school, Elizabethan England, 74
Great Library of Alexandria, 100, 101, 102
Great Peacemaker. See Dekanawida
Great Wall, 127, 128
H
Hale, Horatio, 44
Hamilton, Alexander, 21
Hancock, John, 20
Han emperor, 129
Hathaway, Anne, 74
Haudenosaunee, 39, 44
Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 79
Hecatomb, 33, 34
Hector, 95
Helen, 94, 95
Hiawatha
belt of wampum beads, 41, 42
Great Law of Peace, 40–43, 44, 48
meeting with Tadodaho, 43
preaching peace to tribes, 38, 39
Hippasus, 30, 34
Hitler, 61
Homer
Athenian tyrant, 99
Byzantine Empire, 102
culture, 100
epics, 93–98
poems, 92, 97, 98
Roman Empire, 101–102
Homeric Greek, 102–104
Huangdi
ancestor of five ethnic groups, 131–132
battles, 121–123
and Chi You, 121, 122, 123
inventions, 123–125
mausoleum, 126, 130
origin of, 119–121
in Warring States Period, 126–128
Hurons, 38, 44, 45
Hus, John, 86
I
Iamblichus, 34
Iliad, The, 92, 93, 95–103
Impressment, 26
Iroquois Confederacy, 37, 41, 42, 45
Iroquois tribes, 45
communal farming, 46–48
multi-nation alliance between tribes, 39
J
Jefferson, Thomas, 16, 48
junzi, 9
K
Kasparov, Garry, 142
Kempelen, Wolfgang von, 134
creation of chess-playing automaton, 135–136
inventions of, 140
visit to Europe with Turk, 136–138
King John II, 115
L
Laertius, Diogenes, 33
League of the Iroquois. See Iroquois Confederacy
Lei Zu (Huangdi’s wife), 123–124
Li (rituals), 11
Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 37
Ludolf, Hiob, 117
Luther, Martin, 86
M
Maelzel, Johann, 138, 140
Major William Martin, identity of, 64, 65
Mandeville, Sir John, 110, 111, 116
Manuel I Comnenus, 107
Mao Zedong, 131
Marx, Karl, 48
Menelaus, 94
Michael, Glyndwr, 64, 66
Mohawk, 40, 45
Montagu, Ewen, 62, 64, 67
Morse, Samuel, 79
Most Excellent and Lamentable Tragedie of Romeo and Juliet, The (play), 81
Mussolini, Benito, 61, 70
N
Narus, 58
Nye, Archibald, 65, 66
O
Odysseus, 95, 96
Odyssey, The, 92, 93, 95–99, 103
Oneida, 40, 45, 47
One Thousand and One Nights, 58
Onondaga, 40, 45
Operation Mincemeat
creating identity for corpse, 65–66
documents, 69
fake letters, 65–66
plan of, 62–64
P
Patroclus, 94, 95
Penelope, 95
Philip, Master, 108
Plato, 32
Poe, Edgar Allen, 137
Polo, Marco, 110, 116
Polonus, Martinus, 84, 85, 88, 91
Pope Alexander III, 108
Pope Clement VIII, 87
Pope Joan
collateral damage, 86–88
legend, 84–86
during the reformation, 88
stoned to death, 83, 84
Pope Sylvester II, 87
Power loom, 142
Prester John
and Bishop Hugh, 105, 106
end of legend, 117–118
Ethiopian emperors, 118
in Fifth Crusade, 108–109
finding the mythical king, 115–117
letter of, 107, 108, 113
on the map, 112–114
Prince Henry, 115
Protestantism, 87
Protestant Reformation, 88
Psalters, 111
Ptolemy, 113
Pythagoras
acusmatici and mathêmatici, 34
death of, 36
discovery of musical harmony, 32
life of, 28
mystical secrets, 31–33
view on life after death, 2
9–31
Pythagorean Theorem, 32, 35
Q
Qin Shi, 127–130
Queen Elizabeth, 73, 76, 80
R
Ran Qiu (disciple of Confucius), 8
Red herrings, 134
Rén (propriety), 11
Rhapsodes, 97, 98
Rilke, Rainer Maria, 59
S
Samiards, 106
Schliemann, Heinrich, 103, 104
Schmucker, Samuel Mosheim, 78
Second Continental Congress, 17, 19
Seneca, 40, 45
Shakespeare, William
actor, 75
alternative candidates, 79–82
bardolatry, 78
life of, 73–75
literary analysis of, 80–82
reasons for doubting, 75–77
Shamhat, 53
Shangdi, 119, 120
Shulgi, 55–57
Sicily, invasion of, 61–64
Smith, George, 50, 51
Sparks, Jared, 24
Strabo, 49
Sun Tzu, 127
Swift-footed stud, 97
T
Tadodaho, 42, 43, 45
Theresa, Maria, 134, 136
Tian, 126
Tragicall Historye of Romeus and Juliet, The (poem), 81
Treaty of Paris, 23
Trojan War, 58, 93, 94, 103
“Trout Memo,” 60, 61
Turk, 134–135
and hidden chess master, 140
performance in Europe, 136–138
working of, 139–141
U
Utnapishtim, 53, 55
V
Virgil, 101
Virginia House of Burgesses, 18
W
Warring States Period, 120, 121, 125–128, 132
Washington, George
appearance, 14–15
battles of, 21–22
as first president, 23–26
as general of Continental Army, 19, 20
life guard of, 21
marriage, 18
misdeeds of, 17
political campaign, 18
Weems, Parson, 25
Weld-Blundell, Herbert, 53
Wonders of the East, 111
Wudi, 129
Y
Yan Emperor, 121
Yan Huang, 121
Yellow Emperor. See Huangdi
Yelü Dashi, 118
Z
Zhonghua Minzu, 131
Famous Phonies Page 15