Chasing Lost Time

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by Jean Findlay


  I am very grateful for funding from the Hyam Wingate Foundation and the Authors’ Foundation. I have had particular advice from my former Professor of French at Edinburgh University, Peter France, and am much indebted to Professor Jon Stallworthy of Wolfson College, Oxford, who has been a princely adviser throughout. I also want to thank my enigmatic and adept agent, Peter Straus; and, most of all, my two brilliant editors: the wise, experienced and patient Jenny Uglow, and the sharp-witted and exacting Juliet Brooke.

  Sources

  I was given many of the primary sources for this book. The suitcase of unread letters from my great-aunt’s attic contained also diaries and notebooks belonging to Charles, backs of envelopes, scribbled genealogies and poems, doodles, limericks and interesting receipts, correspondence with publishers and wrangles with Pirandello’s agent. The most revealing was his notebook of poems (Findlay Collection, FC). Then my cousin Christina Scott Moncrieff gave me forty-four volumes of diaries of Charles’s mother (JMSM.) These furnished the details of his childhood and the fabric of the family background, and also dates, times, places and people up until his death. Memories and Letters (M&L), published in 1931, was the collection of his letters edited by his mother and his secretary Lucy Lunn, after Charles’s death. For those who question the reliability of letters edited posthumously by a relative, I have many of the original autograph war letters, in purple pencil, and although they have been edited for length, none were changed for content. My cousin Kate Moberly has boxes of letters and family papers which I foraged through over the last seven years, finding birth certificates, articles, and vital family information. Likewise my cousins Christina Scott Moncrieff and John Scott Moncrieff allowed me to go through their collections of family letters.

  For information on the lives of the many literary associates and friends of Charles, I have used the Oxford Dictionary of National Biography Online.

  Another useful guide wasCharles Scott Moncrieff: A Biography, Charles Gale’s thesis, published by Ann Arbor University Microfilms, 1969. Gale had access to letters not seen before, especially those from Charles to Oriana Haynes. Charles Gale’s thesis can be obtained from the National Library of Scotland (NLS) in Edinburgh which also houses a collection of Charles’s letters.

  Family Sources

  FC

  Findlay Collection

  JMSM

  Diaries of Jessie Margaret Scott Moncrieff

  M&L

  Memories and Letters, published in 1931 by Chapman Hall, edited by K. M. Scott Moncrieff and L.W. Lunn

  Archive Sources

  AC

  William Andrews Clerk Memorial Library University of California, Los Angeles

  Berg

  Berg Collection, New York Public Library

  BC

  John J. Burns Library, Boston College

  BL

  British Library

  BLN

  British Library Newspaper Archive

  CA

  Chatto and Windus Archive, Reading University

  EFL

  English Faculty Library, Oxford

  FF

  Faber & Faber Archive

  HRC

  Harry Ransom Centre, University of Texas at Austin

  KC

  Charleston Papers, Kings College, Cambridge

  IWM

  Imperial War Museum

  NA

  National Archives, Kew

  NLS

  National Library of Scotland, Edinburgh

  WU

  Olin Library, University of Washington, St Louis

  SAC

  South Asia Department, Cambridge University

  WC

  Welland Collection, John Rylands Library, Manchester University

  WCA

  Winchester College Archive

  Periodicals and Broadsheets

  Academy

  The Athenæum

  The Bookman

  The Criterion

  Daily Mail

  London Mercury

  The Nation

  New Field

  New Statesman

  The New Witness

  The Times

  Times Literary Supplement

  Westminster Gazette

  The Wykehamist

  List of Published Works by C. K. Scott Moncrieff

  The Song of Roland (trans.), Chapman & Hall, (London, 1919)

  Beowulf, Widsith, Finnsburgh, Waldere, Deor (trans.), Chapman & Hall, (London, 1921)

  Petrus Abaelardus, The Letters of Abelard and Heloise (trans.), Guy Chapman (London, 1925)

  Petronius Arbiter, The Satyricon (Burnaby’s 1694 translation) (Introd.), Chapman & Dodd (London, 1923)

  Jean-Richard Bloch, — & Co (trans.), Gollanz (London, 1929)

  Armand-Louis de Gontaut, Duke de Biron, Memoirs of the Duc de Lauzun (trans.), Routledge & Sons (London, 1928)

  P. G. Lear and L. O., The Strange and Striking Adventures of Four Authors in Search of a Character (trans.), Cayme Press (London, 1926)

  Luigi Pirandello, Shoot! (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1926)

  ______ The Old and the Young, vols I and II (trans.), E. P. Dutton & Co. (London and New York, 1928)

  Marcel Proust, Remembrance of Things Past, vol. I: Swann’s Way (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1922)

  ______ Remembrance of Things Past, vol. II: Within a Budding Grove (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1924)

  ______ Remembrance of Things Past, vol. III: The Guermantes Way (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1925)

  ______ Remembrance of Things Past, vols IV and V: Cities of the Plain (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1929)

  ______ Remembrance of Things Past, vol. VI: The Captive (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1929)

  ______ Remembrance of Things Past, vol. VII: The Sweet Cheat Gone (trans.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1930)

  François-Augustin Paradis de Moncrif, The Adventures of Zeloide and Amanzarifdine (ed. and trans.), Routledge & Sons (London, 1929)

  C. K. Scott Moncrieff, Memories and Letters (eds J. M. Scott Moncrieff and L. W. Lunn), Chapman & Hall (London, 1931)

  Stendhal, The Abbess of Castro and Other Tales (trans.), Chapman & Hall (London, 1926)

  ______ The Red and the Black (trans.), Chapman & Hall (London, 1926)

  ______ The Charterhouse of Parma (trans.), Chapman & Hall (London, 1926)

  ______ Armance (trans.), Chapman & Hall (London, 1928)

  Various, Marcel Proust: An English Tribute (ed.), Chatto and Windus (London, 1923)

  Published Sources

  Acton, Harold, Memoirs of an Aesthete (London, 1948)

  Aldington, Richard, Pinorman: personal recollections of Norman Douglas, Pino Orioli and Charles Prentice (London, 1954)

  Amory, Mark, Collected Letters of Evelyn Waugh (London, 1980)

  Arthur, Max, The Faces of the First World War (London, 2007)

  Batini, Giorgio, La Versilia Com’era (Florence, 2007)

  Bell, Anne Olivier, Diary of Virginia Woolf, Vol. III 1925–1930 (London, 1980)

  Borland, Maureen, Wilde’s Devoted Friend (London, 1990)

  Boulton, James T., and Vasey, Lindeth (eds.), The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, Vol. V March 1924–March 1927 (Cambridge, 1989)

  ______ and Boulton, Margaret H. (eds.), The Letters of D. H. Lawrence, vol. VI March 1927–Nov. 1928 (Cambridge, 1991)

  Bridges, Robert (ed.), The Spirit of Man (London, 1916)

  Burkes Peerage

  Byrne, Janet, A Genius for Living: The Life of Frieda Lawrence (London, 1995)

  Chapman, Guy, A Passionate Prodigality: Fragments of Autobiography (New York, 1966)

  Cave, Nigel, Hill 60: Ypres (London, 1997)

  ______ Polygon Wood: Ypres (London, 1998)

  ______ Sanctuary Wood and Hooge (London, 1993)

  Cecil, Robert, Life in Edwardian England (London, 1969)

  Coward, Noël, Autobiography (London, 1986)

  ______ Easy Virtue (London, 1926)

  E
gremont, Max, Siegfried Sassoon (London, 2005)

  Eliot, Valerie, and Haughton, Hugh (eds.), The Letters of T. S. Eliot, vol. 2: 1923–1925 (London, 2009)

  ______ and Haffenden, John (eds.), The Letters of T. S. Eliot vol. 3: 1926–1927 (London, 2012)

  Ellman, Richard, Oscar Wilde (London, 1988)

  Fiore, Massimiliano, Anglo-Italian Relations in the Middle East 1922–1940 (Farnham, 2010)

  Firth, J. D’E., Rendall of Winchester: the Life and Witness of a Teacher (Oxford, 1954)

  Fratelli Alinari, Archivi Alinari, Firenze: Immagini del XIX secolo (Florence, 1996)

  Fussell, Paul, The Great War and Modern Memory (Oxford, 1975)

  Fitzgerald, Penelope, The Knox Brothers (London, 1977)

  Fox, Colin, Monchy le Preux: Arras (London, 2000)

  Gillon, Stair, The KOSB in the Great War (London, 1930)

  Graves, Robert, Goodbye to All That (London, 1929)

  Hart-Davies, Rupert, Siegfried Sassoon: Diaries 1915–1918 (London, 1981)

  ______ Siegfried Sassoon: Diaries 1920–1922 (London, 1985)

  ______ Siegfried Sassoon: Diaries 1923–1925 (London, 1985)

  Hassall, Christopher, Edward Marsh, Patron of the Arts (London, 1959)

  Hay, Ian, The Oppressed English (London, 1917)

  Haycock, David Boyd, A Crisis of Brilliance (London, 2010)

  Hibberd, Dominic, Wilfred Owen (London, 2002)

  ______ Wilfred Owen: The Last Year (London, 1992)

  HMSO Documents on British Foreign Policy, vol. XXIV (1922–23)

  Hoare, Philip, Noël Coward: A Biography (London, 1995)

  ______ Wilde’s Last Stand (London, 1997)

  Holland, Vyvyan, Son of Oscar Wilde (London, 1954)

  Hollings, Mary A., The Life of Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff (1917)

  Hollis, Matthew, Now All Roads Lead to France: The Last Years of Edward Thomas (London, 2011)

  Holmes, Richard, Acts of War: The Behaviour of Men in Battle (London, 2003)

  ______ Tommy: The British Soldier on the Western Front (London, 2004)

  Holroyd, Michael, Bernard Shaw (London, 1997)

  Huxley, Aldous, Those Barren Leaves (1925)

  Hyde, H. Montgomery, Christopher Sclater Millard (New York, 1990)

  Jeffrey, Keith, MI6: The History of the Secret Intelligence Service 1909–1949 (London, 2010)

  Karl, Frederick and Davies, Laurence, Collected Letters of Joseph Conrad (Cambridge, 2008)

  Keegan, John, The First World War (London, 1998)

  Knox, Ronald, A Spiritual Aeneid (1918)

  Lejeune, Anthony, The Gentlemen’s Clubs of London (London, 1979)

  Linklater, Andro, Compton Mackenzie: A Life (London, 1987)

  Marsh, Edward (ed.), Georgian Poets (1911–1918)

  Masson, Rosaline, I Can Remember Robert Louis Stevenson (Edinburgh, 1922)

  Moncrieffe, Frederick and William, The Moncrieffs and the Moncrieffes (1929)

  Moorcroft Wilson, Jean, Siegfried Sassoon: The Journey from the Trenches (London, 2003)

  Neville, Peter, Mussolini (London, 2004)

  Nimmo, James, Narrative of Mr James Nimmo Written for His Own Satisfaction to Keep in Some Remembrance the Lord’s Way Dealing and Kindness Towards Him, 1654–1709 (Edinburgh, 1889)

  Oldham, Peter, Messines Ridge: Ypres (London, 1998)

  Orioli, Giuseppe (‘Pino’), Adventures of a Bookseller (London, 1938)

  Ortolani, Benito (ed. and trans.), Pirandello’s Love Letters to Marta Abba (Princeton, 1994)

  Osborn, E. B., The Muse in Arms (London, 1917)

  Owen, Harold, and Bell, John (eds), Wilfred Owen: Collected Letters (Oxford, 1967)

  Painter, George, Marcel Proust: A Biography, vols I and II (London, 1959)

  Paradis de Moncrif, François-Augustin, The Adventures of Zeloïde and Amanzarfidine, translated by and with an introduction by C. K. Scott Moncrieff (London, 1929)

  Pasternak, Boris, Selected Poems, (trans. Jon Stallworthy and Peter France) (London, 1970)

  Pearce, Joseph, The Unmasking of Oscar Wilde (London, 2000)

  Powell, Anthony, Memoirs vol. I: Infants of the Spring (London, 1976)

  Raine, Kathleen, The Inner Journey of the Poet (New York, 1982)

  Ricketts, Harry, Strange Meetings: The Poets of the Great War (London, 2010)

  Robb, Graham, Strangers: Homosexual Love in the Nineteenth Century (London, 2003)

  Royle, Trevor, The Flowers of the Forest: Scotland and the First World War (Edinburgh, 2007)

  Ruskin, John, The Seven Lamps of Architecture (1849)

  Sabben-Clare, James, Winchester College (Southampton, 1981)

  Scott Moncrieff, Mary Ann, Our Forefathers (Edinburgh, 1895)

  Scott Moncrieff, Robert, The Branch and the Branches. With an Historical Outline of Persecutions Under which the Jews Have Suffered from Century to Century, Since the Beginning of the Christian Era (Selkirk, 1900)

  Seymour, Miranda, Robert Graves: Life on the Edge (London, 1995)

  Shepherd, Ben, A War of Nerves: Soldiers and Psychiatrists, 1914–1994 (London, 2002)

  Shone, Richard, Bloomsbury Portraits: Vanessa Bell, Duncan Grant and Their Circle (London, 1976)

  Sitwell, Osbert and Sacheverell, All at Sea: a Social Tragedy in Three Acts for First-Class Passengers Only (London, 1927)

  Stallworthy, Jon, Anthem for Doomed Youth (London, 2002)

  —— Survivors’ Songs: From Maldon to the Somme (Cambridge, 2008)

  ______ Wilfred Owen: A Biography (Oxford, 1974)

  Symons, A. J. A., The Quest for Corvo: An Experiment in Biography (New York, 1934)

  Tadié, Jean-Yves, Marcel Proust: A Life, trans. Euan Cameron (London, 2000)

  Thompson, David, Nairn in Darkness and Light (London, 1987)

  Thompson, J. Lee, Northcliffe: Press Baron in Politics (London, 2000)

  Waugh, Evelyn, Ronald Knox (London, 1959)

  ______ A Little Learning (London, 1964)

  West, Nigel, MI6: British Secret Intelligence Service Operations, 1909–45 (London, 1983)

  Notes

  If not listed in Sources above, publication details are given in full on first citation; thereafter a short reference is used.

  Chapter 1: Bloodline

  1. Remembrance of Things Past: Swann’s Way, 15 (Chatto & Windus, 1957)

  2. Mary Ann Scott Moncrieff, Our Forefathers, 16

  3. The Moncrieffs and the Moncrieffes, 9

  4. Forster to Sprott, 15.9.28. Charleston Papers, King’s College, Cambridge

  5. Cities of the Plain, vol. 1, chap. 1

  6. Covenanters in Scotland were those who opposed the interference of the Stuart kings in the Presbyterian Church of Scotland. Kings upheld the Divine Right, while the Covenanters maintained only Christ could be head of the Church – the conflict fuelled uprisings, persecutions and imprisonments.

  7. Nimmo’s Narrative, 1654–1709, xiii

  8. Paradis de Moncrif, intro., xl

  9. Hollings, Life of Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff, 3

  10. ‘And much I miss those sportive boys,

  Companions of my mountain joys,

  Just at the age ’twixt boy and youth,

  When thought is speech, and speech is truth.’

  (Walter Scott, Marmion, Canto 2, introduction)

  11. Hollings, 17

  12. MASM, Our Forefathers

  13. Alan Scott Moncrieff, Family Memoir

  14. http://www.s-asian.cam.ac.uk/Handlist_S.htm http://archive.is/2Sws (scroll down to Scott Moncrieff)

  15. Rosaline Masson, I Can Remember Robert Louis Stevenson, 76

  16. The purpose of the Franklin Expedition 1845–59 was to map out the Northwest Passage from North America to Asia. Under Sir John Franklin, 150 men set out with supplies to last five years, including 8,000 tins of early canned food. The expedition failed terribly, all the men dying from cold and starvation, and possibly lead poisoning from the lead in the tinned food.

  17. Blackwood’s, publishe
d in Edinburgh, was the most influential literary magazine of the nineteenth century, including among its contributors Coleridge, Shelley, George Eliot, De Quincey, James Hogg and Joseph Conrad.

  18. JMSM, Diary, 6.11.1883

  19. JMSM, Diary, 1.10.1885

  20. JMSM, Diary, 13.11.1885

  21. JMSM, Diary, 21.11.1885

  22. For Colin SM’s role read the ebook on Modern Egypt by the Earl of Cromer; also his own letters in Life of Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff, also published online, which show that the knighthood was awarded as a direct response to his taking the lead in abolishing the corvée.

  23. JMSM, Diary, 1883

  24. Scottish Record Office GD18/4968 Walker of Weedingshall 1791 – payment of £10 for a plan by Robert Adam.

  25. JMSM, Diary, 25.9.1889

  26. JMSM, Diary, 1889

  27. JMSM, Diary, 1.11.1889

  28. JMSM, Diary, 1891

  29. Memories and Letters (M&L), 2

  30. JMSM, Diary, 25.12.1895

  31. Desk, Findlay Collection (FC)

  Chapter 2: Childhood

  1. JMSM, Diary, 5.1.1895

 

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