BUILDINGS MENTIONED IN THE TEXT
(After Jame Broadbent & Joy Hughes, Francis Greenway: Architect, 1997)
Key: † = demolished, §= not built
Britain
Market House, Carmarthen, Wales, 1801†
Lower Crescent, Clifton, Gloucestershire, ca 1809
Repairs to Thornbury Castle, Gloucestershire, ca 1809 (tentative attribution)
Clifton Hotel and Assembly Rooms, 1806–11
New South Wales
(All buildings are in Sydney, unless otherwise stated)
Alterations and additions, Ultimo House, 1814†
House and billiard room for Sarah Howe, Lower George Street, 1815–16†
House for George Howe, Charlotte Place, ca 1816†
Report and alterations, General Hospital, Macquarie Street, 1816–21
Powder Magazine, Fort Phillip, Observatory Hill, design, 1816†
Government House, design, ca 1816§
Henrietta Villa, Point Piper, 1816 – ca 1820† (attributed)
St John’s parsonage, Parramatta, 1816–17†
Portico, Government House, Parramatta, 1816 (reconstructed 1909)
Macquarie Tower, South Head, 1816–20† (rebuilt to a similar design 1883)
Obelisk, Macquarie Place, 1816–19
Additions, military barracks, 1816–20†
Report on Parramatta Gaol and Female Factory, 1816†
Convict barracks, Hyde Park, 1816–19
St Matthew’s Church, Windsor, 1817–22
Report, alterations and additions, Colonial Secretary’s House, Macquarie Place, 1816–19†
Government House stables, Governor’s Domain, 1817–21 (altered and adapted 1913–15, 1998–2001)
Fort Macquarie, Bennelong Point, 1817–21†
Public fountain, Macquarie Place, ca 1817–20†
Pigeon house, Governor’s Domain, Parramatta, 1818† (attributed)
Completion of a house for Sir John Jamison, Charlotte Place, 1818†
Alterations and additions, Male Orphan School, George Street, 1818†
House for TW Middleton, Hunter and Macquarie Streets, 1818–21†
St Luke’s Church, Liverpool, 1818–24
Female Factory and Barracks, Parramatta, 1818–21†
Alterations and additions, Female Orphan School, Parramatta, 1818–22
Alterations and additions, Government House, ca 1819–20†
Dawes Point Battery, 1819–20†
Turnpike gate and gatekeeper’s lodge, Parramatta Road, 1819– 20†
St Andrew’s (Metropolitan) Church, George Street, 1819–20 (work suspended)†
St James’ Church, King Street, 1819–22
Greenway house, Argyle and George Streets, design, 1820§
Supreme Courthouse, King Street, 1820–27 (altered late 1800s)
Alterations and additions, Dockyard, George Street, ca 1820†
House for Sir John Jamison, George Street, 1820–24†
Market house, George Street, 1820–22†
Courthouse, Windsor, 1821–22
Alterations and additions, Bank of New South Wales, George Street, 1822†
Police office, George Street, 1821–23†
Georgian (Charity) School, Elizabeth Street, 1820–23†
Granary and store, George Street, Parramatta, 1821–25†
St Mary’s Roman Catholic Chapel, Hyde Park, design, 1821–23§
Tomb for George Howe, Devonshire Street Cemetery, 1822†
Liverpool Hospital, 1822–30 (altered and adapted 1858–1958)
St Matthew’s Rectory, Windsor, 1823–25 (attributed)
House for Robert Campbell senior, Cumberland Place, 1825†
House and stores for Robert Campbell junior, Bligh Street, ca 1825–30†
Hobartville, Richmond, ca 1827 (attributed)
Warehouse for John Paul, George Street, 1827†
Premises of Barnett Levey, George Street, 1827–28†
NOTES
Abbreviations
BNA
British National Archives
BRO
Bristol Records Office
BT
Bonwick Transcripts (copies in ML)
CSC
Colonial Secretary’s correspondence, SRANSW (copies in ML)
HRA
Historical Records of Australia, Library Committee of the Commonwealth Parliament, 1914
HRNSW
Historical Records of New South Wales, (FM Bladen, ed.), NSW Government Printer, Sydney, 1892–1901
ML
Mitchell Library, State Library of New South Wales
NLA
National Library of Australia
SRANSW
State Records Authority of New South Wales
Introduction
1 Dan Cruickshank, Around the World in 80 Treasures, season 1, episode 3, BBC, 2005.
2 JO Balfour, A Sketch of New South Wales, p. 52.
3 MH Ellis, Francis Greenway: His Life and Times, p. 190.
1 Earthly reward
1 John Wallace, unpublished memoir, 1897, Wallace family papers.
2 ‘Death of Mr W. H. Greenaway [sic]’, Newcastle Morning Herald & Miners’ Advocate, 6 June 1894.
3 Register of Burials in the Parish of East Maitland, 1837, extract in Greenway papers, ML, A 1451, p. 21.
4 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. xxiii.
5 In letters to the Australian editor, Greenway quotes Cicero: ‘O tempora! O mores!’, 4 November 1836; Shakespeare: ‘Let Hercules himself, do what he may’, 17 February 1825; and Sterne’s Tristram Shandy: ‘Uncle Toby and Corporal Trim’, 28 April 1825.
6 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. xxv.
2 FH Grinway comes to London
1 Sir John Summerson, ‘Introduction’, in Terence Davis, The Architecture of John Nash, p. 9.
2 James Broadbent & Joy Hughes, Francis Greenway: Architect, p. 6.
3 Nash built a larger house next door, at 29 Dover Street, and moved in the following year (Sir John Summerson, The Life and Work of John Nash Architect, p. 30).
4 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 46.
5 Greenway to Macquarie, 27 July 1814, CSC, 4/1752, p. 85.
6 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 46.
7 Summerson, ‘Introduction’, in Davis, The Architecture of John Nash, p. 9.
8 Algernon Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts: A Complete Dictionary of Contributors and Their Work from its Foundation in 1769 to 1904, vol. 3, p. 329; entry for Francis Howard Greenway, HM Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects 1600–1840, pp. 430–31.
9 Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts, p. 329.
10 Daily Journal, 24 February 1731.
11 Lord Thomas Macaulay, History of England from the Accession of James II, p. 284.
12 Peter Ackroyd, London: The Biography, p. 320.
13 Pigot and Co.’s Metropolitan Guide & Book of Reference to Every Street, Court, Lane, Passage, Alley and Public Building in the City of London & Westminster, 1824, p. 137.
14 Graves, The Royal Academy of Arts, p. 329.
15 Henry VIII and Anne Boleyn spent ten days at Thornbury Castle in 1535.
16 Richard Ellis, The History of Thornbury Castle, p. 38.
17 ‘Thornbury Gateway to South Wales?’, South Gloucestershire Council,
18 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 41. They cite John Britton’s Architectural Antiquities of Great Britain (1807–26).
19 Ellis, Francis Greenway, ch. I, n. 2, p. 205.
20 Entry for Tripp of Huntspill and Sampford Brett, Somerset, in J Bernard Burke, Dictionary of the Landed Gentry of Great Britain & Ireland for 1852.
21 Greenway to the editor, Australian, 28 April 1825.
22 Gentleman’s Magazine, 1816, p
art II, p. 66 (original emphasis).
23 Nicholas Kingsley, The Country Houses of Gloucestershire, 1500–1660, pp. 188–89. Full restoration of Thornbury Castle began in 1849. The architect was Anthony Salvin, a specialist in historical restoration.
24 George Nayler to Ozias Humphry, 29 May 1802, Ozias Humphry papers, Royal Academy, London, quoted in John Small, ‘Francis Greenway in London’, Quadrant, July 1980.
25 Quoted in Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1660–1840, p. 722.
26 Entry for Henry Kitchen, Colvin, A Biographical Dictionary of British Architects, 1660–1840, p. 498.
27 Sir John Summerson, Georgian London, p. 134
28 Quoted in Gavin Stamp, review of James Wyatt, 1746–1813: Architect to George III by John Martin Robinson, Apollo, no. 1209, September 2012.
3 A ‘ruinous architectural triumph’
1 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 26 January 1805.
2 A ‘Limekiln’ Road and a ‘Lime Kiln’ Road both exist in the Bristol region. The former is about nine miles north of the Greenways’ home village of Mangotsfield. The latter is handy to Clifton, the focus of the brothers’ building activity. It is assumed that Lime Kiln Road was the site of their yard.
3 Rev. John Evans, The Picture of Bristol, or a Guide to Objects of Curiosity and Interest in Bristol, Clifton, the Hotwells, and their Vicinity, p. 121.
4 John Feltham, A Guide to All the Watering and Sea-bathing Places; with a Description of the Lakes; a Sketch Tour in Wales; and Itineraries, by the Editor of the Picture of London, p. 119.
5 Timothy Mowl, To Build the Second City: Architects and Craftsmen of Georgian Bristol, p. 117.
6 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 17 May 1806.
7 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 28 June 1806.
8 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 21 November 1811.
9 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 124.
10 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 21 November 1811.
11 Feltham, A Guide to All the Watering and Sea-bathing Places, pp. 86–88.
12 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 123.
13 Nikolaus Pevsner, Buildings of England: North Somerset and Bristol, p. 44.
14 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 47.
15 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 123.
16 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 117.
17 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 137.
18 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 8.
19 The Mirror (Bristol), 13 May 1809, quoted in Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 4.
20 Docket Books of the Registers of Commissions of Bankruptcy, BNA, B4/29, September 1808 – July 1810.
21 Parish register for St Michael the Archangel on the Mount Without, 1653 to 1950, Bristol Record Office; ‘England Marriages, 1538–1973’, index, FamilySearch,
22 Mary was aged 53 at the time of her death in 1832. Her year of birth was therefore around 1779 (New South Wales Registry of Births Deaths and Marriages, V18321639 16/1832). The less reliable New South Wales Census of 1828 states her age as 39, making her year of birth 1789.
23 ‘England Marriages, 1538–1973’, index, FamilySearch,
24 Felix Farley’s Bristol Journal, 13 May 1809.
25 The Mirror (Bristol), 15 July 1809.
26 Mowl, To Build the Second City, p. 123.
4 A curious and noteworthy crime
1 Ellis claims without citation that Greenway received £2 12s 6d to survey Mangotsfield Church (Francis Greenway, p. 8).
2 Elizabeth Farrelly, ‘How Greenway forged a city’, Sydney Morning Herald, 10 August 1997.
3 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 11.
4 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 10.
5 Mirror (Bristol), 28 March 1812.
6 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 11.
7 RA Melikan, ‘Gibbs, Sir Vicary (1751–1820)’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2004,
8 Bristol Quarter Sessions Docket Book 1812, BRO, JQS/13.
9 Ellis, Francis Greenway, ch. I, n. 12, pp. 205–206.
10 Sydney Gazette, 31 January 1818.
11 Grace Karskens, The Colony: A History of Early Sydney, p. 201 (original emphasis).
12 Arthur Phillip to Admiral Sir Charles Middleton, 6 July 1788, quoted in Alan Frost, The First Fleet: The Real Story, p. 202.
13 Karskens, The Colony, p. 73.
14 The painting was probably a transparency, lit by candles or oil lamps from behind. ‘Transparencies were painted with clear pigments on stretched lightweight fabric (gauze, linen or calico) which had been treated with clear size [glaze]…’. They were a fashionable decoration at special celebrations such as royal birthdays and marriages (see Anita Callaway, Visual Ephemera: Theatrical Art in Nineteenth-century Australia, p. 13).
5 Bristol Newgate
1 Entry for Francis John Greenway, 12 Feb 1814, ‘England Births and Christenings, 1538–1975,’ index, FamilySearch,
2 Quoted in Henry J Spear and JW Arrowsmith (eds), Arrowsmith’s Dictionary of Bristol, JW Arrowsmith, Bristol, 1884, p. 188.
3 The Bristol Gaol Bill. Bristol, August 4 1792. Objections to an Act Lately Obtained for Building a New Gaol within the City of Bristol …, printed by W. Pine, Wine Street, Bristol, 1792.
4 James Neild, State of the Prisons in England, Scotland and Wales, John Nichols & Son, London, 1812, p. 79.
5 ‘Letter from the physicians, Bristol, 31 March 1813’, quoted in Miss Morgan (attrib.), The Gaol of the City of Bristol Compared with What a Gaol Ought to Be …, Barry & Son, Bristol, 1815, p. 59.
6 Miss Morgan, The Gaol of the City of Bristol, p. 66.
7 Neild, State of the Prisons, p. 78.
8 Joseph Mathews, Bristol Guide; Being a Complete Ancient and Modern History of the City of Bristol, the Hotwells and Clifton, J Mathews, Bristol, 1825, p. 85.
9 The works are dated in ink on the verso of each canvas: The Mock Trial, August 1812; the unnamed prison courtyard scene, July 1812 (ML, 1002 and 1003).
10 Broadbent & Hughes, Francis Greenway, p. 10.
11 Bird gained full membership of the Royal Academy in 1815 only to die four years later.
12 The full name of the book, as listed in the National Library of Australia catalogue, was The Chronicle of Fabian, Whiche He Nameth the Concordaunce of Histories, Newly Perused and Continued from the Beginnyng of Kyng Henry the Seventh, to Thends of Queens Mary by Robert Fabyan, Thon Kyngston, London, 1559.
13 Harford’s copy (complete with Green-way’s facsimile pages bound into the volume) is now in the collection of the National Library of Australia (MS 6840). It bears his bookplate with the name ‘Charles Joseph Harford FAS’ under the family crest.
14 The full title was: Considerations upon the Pernicious Influence of the Bristol Gaol, Both in Relation to the Health and Morals of the Prisoners Confined Therein, in an Address to the Inhabitants of Bristol.
15 Greenway to Samuel Lloyd Harford, 7 September 1822, Greenway papers, ML, A 1451, p. 413.
16 The ‘castle’ in the title relates to a Gothic folly set on a prominent hill within the estate, designed in the 1760s by Scottish architect Robert Milne. It was immortalised in Jane Austen’s Northanger Abbey as ‘The finest place in England – worth going fifty miles at any time to see’ (Penguin, London, 1995, p. 81).
6 The blighted voyage of the General Hewett
1 Henry Mayhew & John Binny, The Criminal Prisons of London and Scenes of London Life, Griffin Bohn & Co., London, 1862.
2
Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 15.
3 Chambers was a highly influential Scottish architect and founder member of the Royal Academy. The first edition of A Treatise on Civil Architecture was self-published in London in 1759.
4 Dante’s Inferno, canto 3.
5 Ellis, Francis Greenway, p. 14.
6 Macquarie to Bathurst, Governor’s Despatches 1813–1816, ML, D 74– 75. Alternatively spelt ‘Hewitt’, ‘Hewit’ or ‘Hewart’, the ship was named for Sir George Hewett, Commander-in-Chief of the British Army in India.
7 The tally given in Surgeon Redfern’s report to Governor Macquarie, 30 September 1814, actually adds up to 296 (enclosure, Macquarie to the Commissioners of the Transport Board, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 276).
8 Richard Hughes’s evidence, ‘Proceedings of Medical Court of Enquiry, holden [sic] at Sydney … 16th of March, 1814’, enclosure, Macquarie to the Commissioners of the Transport Board, April 1814, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 245.
9 HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 276.
10 ‘Report of Ships and Vessels entered Inwards at Port Jackson in His Majesty’s Colony of New South Wales from the 1st day of January to 15th day of February, 1814’, enclosure, Macquarie to Bathurst, 28 April 1814, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 201.
11 Rex Rienits, ‘Lycett, Joseph (1774–1825)’, Australian Dictionary of Biography, National Centre of Biography, Australian National University,
12 Reported in the Sydney Gazette, 12 February 1812.
13 Surgeon Redfern, report to Governor Macquarie, 30 September 1814, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, p. 276.
14 Naval Surgeon Edward Foord Bromley, quoted in ‘Minutes of Evidence taken before Select Committee on Gaols’, Selection of Reports and Papers of the House of Commons: Prisons; [1], vol. 51, 1836, pp. 101–102.
15 Medical officers to Secretary Campbell, 24 March 1814, enclosure, Macquarie to the Commissioners of the Transport Board, April 1814, HRA, series 1, vol. 8, pp. 244–45.
16 Edward Foord Bromley, quoted in ‘Minutes of Evidence taken before Select Committee on Gaols’, pp. 101–102.
A Forger's Progress Page 32