by Craig Unger
89. Ilya Marritz and Andrea Bernstein, “The Company Michael Cohen Kept—‘Trump, Inc.’ Podcast,” ProPublica, April 18, 2018, https://www.propublica.org/article/trump-inc-podcast-michael-cohen.
90. Rashbaum et al., “How Michael Cohen Built.”
91. Yuri Felshtinsky, “Who Is Mr. Cohen? Trump’s Attorney Received $350,000 for the Izmaylovskaya Criminal Group,” GordonUA, April 12, 2017, http://m.gordonua.com/english/news/exclusiveenglish/who-is-mrcohen-trumps-attorney-received-350000-for-the-izmaylovskaya-criminal-group-felshtinsky-181620.html.
92. Ibid.
93. Ibid.
94. Michael Rothfeld, Alexandra Berzon, and Joe Palazzolo, “‘Boss, I Miss You So Much’: The Awkward Exile of Michael Cohen,” Wall Street Journal, April 26, 2018, https://www.wsj.com/articles/boss-i-miss-you-so-much-the-awkward-exile-of-michael-cohen-1524767440.
95. Josh Marshall, “‘Says Who?’—Piecing Together the Michael Cohen Story,” Talking Points Memo, March 1, 2017, https://talkingpointsmemo.com/edblog/says-who-piecing-together-the-michael-cohen-story.
96. Seth Hettena, “A Brief History of Michael Cohen’s Criminal Ties,” Rolling Stone, April 10, 2018, https://www.rollingstone.com/politics/news/michael-cohens-ties-to-russia-crime-and-trump-w518941.
97. Lauren Price, “Upping the Ante,” New York Post, February 22, 2007, https://nypost.com/2007/02/22/upping-the-ante/.
98. Marritz and Bernstein, “Company Michael Cohen Kept.”
99. Hernandez, “LI’s Michael Cohen.”
100. Ibid.
101. Author’s interview with McCallion.
102. Ibid.
103. Author’s interview with Sipher.
104. Nick Allen, “New-Look KGB, Your Partner Against Crime,” Moscow Times, March 21, 1997.
105. Glenn R. Simpson and Mary Jacoby, “How Lobbyists Help Ex-Soviets Woo Washington,” Wall Street Journal, April 17, 2007, https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB117674837248471543.
106. Author’s interview with McCallion.
CHAPTER FIFTEEN: PUTIN’S REVENGE
1. Andrew Osborn, “Putin, before vote, unveils ‘invincible’ nuclear weapons to counter West,” Reuters, March 1, 2018. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-russia-putin-nuclear/putin-before-vote-unveils-invincible-nuclear-weapons-to-counter-west-idUSKCN1GD514.
2. Uwe Klussmann, Matthias Schepp, and Klaus Wiegrefe, “NATO’s Eastward Expansion: Did the West Break Its Promise to Moscow?,” Spiegel Online, November 26, 2009.
3. “Member Countries,” NATO, last updated: March 26, 2018. https://www.nato.int/cps/ua/natohq/topics_52044.htm.
4. “US Embassy Cables: Ukranian Gas Billionaire Has Close Ties to Russian Crime Boss,” Guardian, December 1, 2010, https://www.theguardian.com/world/us-embassy-cables-documents/179510.
5. Alan A. Block and Constance A. Weaver, All Is Clouded by Desire (Westport, CT, and London: Praeger, 2004).
6. Ibid.
7. Michael Posner, “The Invisible Man,” Globe and Mail, May 27, 2005, https://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/rob-magazine/the-invisible-man/article18228210/?page=all.
8. “Georgy Gongadze,” Committee to Protect Journalists, https://cpj.org/data/people/georgy-gongadze/index.php.
9. Matthias Williams, “Murdered journalist buried in Ukraine 16 years after beheading,” Reuters, March 22, 2006. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-ukraine-gongadze-idUSKCN0WO2LH.
10. Taras Kuzio, “Understanding Mykola Melnychenko,” Ukrainian Weekly, June 1, 2003, http://www.ukrweekly.com/old/archive/2003/220305.shtml.
11. Roman Kupchinsky, “The Strange Ties Between Semion Mogilevich and Vladimir Putin,” Eurasia Daily Monitor, Jamestown Foundation, March 25, 2009, https://jamestown.org/program/the-strange-ties-between-semion-mogilevich-and-vladimir-putin/.
12. Roman Kupchinsky, “The Gongadze Case,” Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty, August 6, 2004, https://www.rferl.org/a/1342344.html.
13. “70 Journalists Killed in Russia, Ukraine, Between 1992 and 2018,” Committee to Protect Journalists, https://cpj.org/data/killed/?status=Killed&motiveConfirmed%5B%5D=Confirmed&type%5B%5D=Journalist&cc_fips%5B%5D=RS&cc_fips%5B%5D=UP&start_year=1992&end_year=2018&group_by=year.
14. Otto Pohl, “The Assassination of a Dream,” New York, November 1, 2004, http://nymag.com/nymetro/news/people/features/10193/.
15. Sri Jegarajah, “Forbes’ Russian Editor Klebnikov Shot Dead Near Moscow Office,” Bloomberg, July 10, 2004. (archived at Archive.today) https://archive.li/eYpwd.
16. Email from Richard Behar to author.
17. Ibid.
18. Ibid.
19. Ibid.
20. Anna Politkovskaya, Putin’s Russia: Life in a Failing Democracy, trans. Arch Tait (New York: Metropolitan Books/Henry Holt, 2007).
21. Alex Rodriguez, “Russian Dissidents Called Mentally Ill,” Chicago Tribune, August 7, 2007, http://articles.chicagotribune.com/2007-08-07/news/0708070053_1_vladimir-bukovsky-soviet-labor-camps-asylum.
22. Duncan Gardham, “Vladimir Putin Told Boris Berezovsky ‘the Show Is Over,’” Telegraph, November 14, 2011, https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/russia/8889970/Vladimir-Putin-told-Boris-Berezovsky-the-show-is-over.html.
23. “Russian media baron held in Spain,” BBC, December 12, 2000. http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1067025.stm.
24. Eline Gordts, “Putin’s Press: How Russia’s President Controls the News,” Huffington Post, October 24, 2015, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/vladimir-putin-russia-news-media_us_56215944e4b0bce34700b1df.
25. Evan Osnos, David Remnick, and Joshua Yaffa, “Trump, Putin, and the New Cold War,” New Yorker, March 6, 2017, https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2017/03/06/trump-putin-and-the-new-cold-war.
26. Seth Mydans and Erin Arvedlund, “Police in Russia Seize Oil Tycoon,” New York Times, October 26, 2003. https://www.nytimes.com/2003/10/26/world/police-in-russia-seize-oil-tycoon.html.
27. Alan Cowell, “Alexander Litvinenko lived and died in world of violence and betrayal,” New York Times, November 3, 2006. https://www.nytimes.com/2006/12/03/world/europe/03iht-spy.3760139.html.
28. Gordon Corera, “Litvinenko death: Russian spy ‘was working for MI6’” BBC News, December 13, 2002. https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-20715187.
29. “Hearings,” Litvinenko Inquiry, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160613090328/https://www.litvinenkoinquiry.org/hearings.
30. Dmitry Volchek, “Conversation with Mikhail Trepashkin,” Radio Free Europe / Radio Liberty, December 1, 2007.
31. Litvinenko Inquiry.
32. Ibid.
33. Lyndsey Telford, Edward Malnick, and Claire Newell, “Alexander Litvinenko: Murdered for Unmasking ‘Kremlin-Backed’ Mobsters?,” Telegraph, January 23, 2015, http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/uknews/law-and-order/11366469/Alexander-Litvinenko-Murdered-for-unmasking-Kremlin-backed-mobsters.html.
34. Author’s interview with Kalugin.
35. Litvinenko Inquiry.
36. Alexander Litvinenko, “The Kremlin Pedophile,” Information Liberation, July 5, 2006, https://data.occrp.org/documents/2572065?documentq=pedophile#page=1&mode=view.
37. Email to the author from Richard Behar.
38. Litvinenko Inquiry.
39. Ibid.
40. Alexander Litvinenko and Yuri Felshtinsky, Blowing Up Russia: The Secret Plot to Bring Back KGB Power (London: Gibson Square, 2012).
41. Litvinenko Inquiry.
42. Ibid.
43. Luke Harding, “Alexander Litvinenko poisoning: move to extradite second murder suspect,” Guardian, February 29, 2012, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2012/feb/29/alexander-litvinenko-polonium-suspect-charged
44. Litvinenko Inquiry.
45. Norman David Dombey, supplementary report to Litvinenko Inquiry, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20160613091249/https://www.litvinenkoinquiry.org/files/2015/03/INQ020031.pdf.
46. Litvinenko Inquiry.
47. Luke Harding, “Russian Honour for Andrei Lugovoi Is Provocation, Litvininek
o [sic] Inquiry Told,” Guardian, March 10, 2015, https://www.theguardian.com/world/2015/mar/10/russian-honour-andrei-lugovoi-provocation-litvinineko-inquiry.
48. Paul Peachey and Lizzie Dearden, “Vladimir Putin ‘Probably’ Approved Poisoning of Alexander Litvinenko, Finds Inquiry,” Independent, January 21, 2016, https://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/vladimir-putin-probably-approved-poisoning-of-alexander-litvinenko-inquiry-finds-a6824676.html.
49. Litvinenko Inquiry.
50. Ibid.
51. Ibid.
52. “ML’s Closing Submissions on the Evidence,” Litvinenko Inquiry, July 31, 2015, 45, http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20150902162845/https://www.litvinenkoinquiry.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/07/ML-Closing-Submissions.pdf.
CHAPTER SIXTEEN: BLOOD MONEY
1. Mark Rachkevych, “WikiLeaks: Nation’s Businessmen Tell Tales on Each Other in Chats with US Ambassadors,” Kyiv Post, September 15, 2011, https://www.kyivpost.com/article/content/business/wikileaks-nations-businessmen-tell-tales-on-each-o-112933.html.
2. Adrian Blomfield, “Ukraine’s PM gets a Western makeover,” The Telegraph, September 29, 2007. https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/1564588/Ukraines-PM-gets-a-Western-makeover.html.
3. Andrew E. Kramer, Mike McIntire and Barry Meier, “Secret Ledger in Ukraine Lists Cash for Donald Trump’s Campaign Chief,” New York Times, August 14, 2016. https://www.nytimes.com/2016/08/15/us/politics/paul-manafort-ukraine-donald-trump.html.
4. Franklin Foer, “The Plot Against America,” Atlantic, March 2018, https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2018/03/paul-manafort-american-hustler/550925/.
5. Peter Finn, “Yushchenko Was Poisoned, Doctors Say,” Washington Post, December 12, 2004, https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/politics/2004/12/12/yushchenko-was-poisoned-doctors-say/38b08066-c0b6-4c82-bb87-f109592fd390/?utm_term=.0eaf82aafc49.
6. William Branigin, “U.S. Rejects Tally, Warns Ukraine,” Washington Post, November 24, 2004. http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A10212-2004Nov24.html.
7. Foer, “Plot Against America.”
8. Sergii Leshchenko, “Yanukovych, the Luxury Residence and the Money Trail That Leads to London,” Open Democracy, June 8, 2012, https://www.opendemocracy.net/od-russia/serhij-leschenko/yanukovych-luxury-residence-and-money-trail-that-leads-to-london.
9. Steven Mufson and Tom Hamburger, “Inside Trump adviser Manafort’s world of politics and global financial dealmaking,” Washington Post, April 26, 2016. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/in-business-as-in-politics-trump-adviser-no-stranger-to-controversial-figures/2016/04/26/970db232-08c7-11e6-b283-e79d81c63c1b_story.html?utm_term=.594ffcd37a37.
10. Art Levine, “Publicists of the Damned,” Spy, February 1992.
11. Ibid.
12. Steven Harper, “A Timeline: Everything We Know About Paul Manafort’s Ties to Russia,” Moyers, April 8, 2018.
13. Marie Brenner, “How Donald Trump and Roy Cohn’s Ruthless Symbiosis Changed America,” Vanity Fair, August 2017, https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2017/06/donald-trump-roy-cohn-relationship.
14. Matt Labash, “Roger Stone, Political Animal,” Weekly Standard, November 5, 2007, https://www.weeklystandard.com/matt-labash/roger-stone-political-animal-15381.
15. Ibid.
16. Michael Kranish and Tom Hamburger, “Paul Manafort’s ‘Lavish Lifestyle’ Highlighted in Indictment,” Washington Post, October 30, 2017, https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/paul-manaforts-lavish-lifestyle-highlighted-in-indictment/2017/10/30/23615680-bd8f-11e7-8444-a0d4f04b89eb_story.html?utm_term=.8c811d08c5a7.
17. Franklin Foer, “The Quiet American,” Slate, April 28, 2016, http://www.slate.com/articles/news_and_politics/politics/2016/04/paul_manafort_isn_t_a_gop_retread_he_s_made_a_career_of_reinventing_tyrants.html.
18. Foer, “Plot Against America.”
19. Evan Thomas, “The Slickest Shop in Town,” Time, March 03, 1986. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,960803-1,00.html.
20. Devin Maverick Robins, “Should I Stay Or Should I Go?” Ken Rudin’s Political Junkie, August 13, 2015. https://www.krpoliticaljunkie.com/episode-89/.
21. Pamela Brogan, “the Torturers’ Lobby” The Center for Public Integrity, 1992. https://cloudfront-files-1.publicintegrity.org/legacy_projects/pdf_reports/THETORTURERSLOBBY.pdf.
22. Alexander Burns and Maggie Haberman, “Mystery Man: Ukraine’s U.S. Fixer,” Politico, March 5, 2014, http://www.politico.com/story/2014/03/paul-manafort-ukraine-104263.
23. Mustafa Hayem, “Amerikanskiye tekhnologi na sluzhbe u Yanukovycha,” Ukrayinska Pravda, March 19, 2007, https://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/articles/2007/03/19/4414941/.
24. Ibid.
25. Peter Stone and Greg Gordon, “Exclusive: Manafort Flight Records Show Deeper Kremlin Ties Than Previously Known,” McClatchy DC Bureau, November 27, 2017, http://www.mcclatchydc.com/news/nation-world/article186102003.html.
26. Foer, “Plot Against America.”
27. Ibid.
28. Ibid.
29. Andrew E. Kramer, “He Says He’s an Innocent Victim. Robert Mueller Says He’s a Spy,” New York Times, April 6, 2018, https://www.nytimes.com/2018/04/06/world/europe/robert-mueller-kilimnik-ukraine-russia-manafort.html.
30. Kenneth P. Vogel, “Manafort Man in Kiev,” Politico, August 18, 2016. https://www.politico.com/story/2016/08/paul-manafort-ukraine-kiev-russia-konstantin-kilimnik-227181.
31. Franklin Foer, “The Astonishing Tale of the Man Mueller Just Indicted,” The Atlantic, June 6, 2018.
32. Kramer, “Innocent Victim.”
33. Rosalind S. Helderman, Tom Hamburger, and Rachel Weiner, “At Height of Tensions, Manafort Met with Associate from Ukraine,” Atlanta Journal-Constitution, June 20, 2017, https://www.myajc.com/news/height-tensions-manafort-met-with-associate-from-ukraine/lLnB46poEpw5yyJPRKGAgK/.
34. Vogel, “Manafort’s Man.”
35. Luke Harding, “Former Trump Aide Approved ‘Black Ops’ to Help Ukraine President,” Guardian, April 5, 2018, https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2018/apr/05/ex-trump-aide-paul-manafort-approved-black-ops-to-help-ukraine-president.
36. Ibid.
37. Author’s interview with McCallion.
38. Brett Forrest, “Paul Manafort’s Overseas Political Work Had a Notable Patron: A Russian Oligarch,” Wall Street Journal, August 30, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/paul-manaforts-overseas-political-work-had-a-notable-patron-a-russian-oligarch-1504131910.
39. Jeff Horwitz and Chad Day, “Before Trump Job, Manafort Worked to Aid Putin,” Associated Press, March 22, 2017, https://www.apnews.com/122ae0b5848345faa88108a03de40c5a.
40. Wire from FCS MOSCOW/SBOZEK/DPEARCE, “EXTRANCHECK: POST-SHIPMENT VERIFICATION: FEDERALNAYA SLUZHBA OHRANY, MOSCOW, RUSSIA, LICENSE NO: D348852” November 2006.
41. Horwitz and Day, “Before Trump Job.”
42. Jeff Horowitz and Dustin Butler, “AP Sources: Manafort tied to undisclosed foreign lobbying,” Associated Press, August 17, 2016. https://apnews.com/c01989a47ee5421593ba1b301ec07813.
43. Tom Hamburger and Rosalind S. Helderman, “Former Trump campaign chairman Paul Manafort files as foreign agent for Ukraine work,” Washington Post, June 27, 2017. https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/former-trump-campaign-chairman-paul-manafort-files-as-foreign-agent-for-ukraine-work/2017/06/27/8322b6ac-5b7b-11e7-9fc6-c7ef4bc58d13_story.html?utm_term=.5007332d1b0e.
44. Betsy Woodruff, “When Mueller Worked with Manafort’s Dictator Client,” Daily Beast, April 6, 2018, https://www.thedailybeast.com/when-mueller-worked-with-manaforts-dictator-client.
45. “Ukraine: Extreme Makeover for the Party of Regions?,” US embassy in Ukraine diplomatic cable 06KIEV473_a, WikiLeaks, February 3, 2006, https://wikileaks.org/plusd/cables/06KIEV473_a.html.
46. Kranish and Hamburger, “Paul Manafort’s ‘Lavish Lifestyle.’”
47. United States of America v. Paul Manafort Jr. and Richard W. Gates III, case 1:17-cr-00201, indictment, https://www.politico.com/f
/?id=0000015f-6d73-d751-af7f-7f735cc70000; Andrew Prokop, “Read: Mueller’s New Indictment of Paul Manafort and Rick Gates,” Vox, February 22, 2018, https://www.vox.com/2018/2/22/17042254/robert-mueller-paul-manafort-indictment.
48. “Read the New Indictment of Paul Manafort and Rick Gates,” CNN, February 22, 2018, https://edition.cnn.com/2018/02/22/politics/manafort-gates-new-indictment/index.html.
49. Paige Lavender, “Read the Special Counsel’s Indictment Against Paul Manafort and Richard Gates,” Huffington Post, October 30, 2017, https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/manafort-gates-indictment_us_59f7259de4b03cd20b82f2c5?ncid=inblnkushpmg00000009.
50. Betsy Woodruff, “Mueller Reveals New Manafort Link to Organized Crime,” Daily Beast, November 2, 2017, https://www.thedailybeast.com/mueller-reveals-new-manafort-link-to-organized-crime.
51. Ibid.
52. Foer, “Plot Against America.”
53. Ibid.
54. Author’s interview with McCallion.
55. Vogel, “Manafort’s Man in Kiev.”
56. Clifford J. Levy, “Ukrainian Prime Minister Reinvents Himself,” New York Times, September 30, 2007, https://www.nytimes.com/2007/09/30/world/europe/30ukraine.html.
57. Foer, “Plot Against America.”
58. Reuters Staff, “Special Report—Putin’s Allies Channelled Billions to Ukraine Oligarch,” Reuters, November 26, 2014, https://www.reuters.com/article/russia-capitalism-gas-special-report-pix/special-report-putins-allies-channelled-billions-to-ukraine-oligarch-idUSL3N0TF4QD20141126.
59. “RUE Head Exemplifies Company’s Lack of Transparency,” US embassy in Moscow diplomatic cable 08MOSCOW722, March 14, 2008, https://data.occrp.org/documents/1357287.
60. “The High Price of Gas,” Panorama, BBC Television, November 5, 2006, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/programmes/panorama/6121508.stm.
61. Reuters Staff, “Putin’s Allies Channelled Billions.”
62. Will Englund, “Gas Deal Disputed in Ukraine,” Washington Post, December 11, 2010, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/12/10/AR2010121007029.html.
63. Taras Kuzio, “President Yanukovych Threatens Ukraine’s Democracy,” GlobalPost, April 12, 2010.