27Leaf Van Boven, and Thomas Gilovich, “To Do or to Have? That Is the Question,” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 85, no. 6 (2003): 1193–1202.
28Thich Nhat Hanh, The Miracle of Mindfulness (London: Rider Books, 2008), 3.
29Edward L. Deci and Richard M. Ryan, Intrinsic Motivation and Self-Determination in Human Behavior (New York: Plenum Press, 1985).
30Fr. Robert Barron, “You’re Holier Than You Know,” U.S. Catholic, July 2008, accessed January 13, 2015, http://www.uscatholic.org/church/2008/07/youre-holier-you-know.
Chapter 2: Why America Hasn’t Won the War on Poverty
1Charles Murray, “The New American Divide,” Wall Street Journal, January 21, 2012, accessed February 22, 2014, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052970204301404577170733817181646.
2Charles Murray, Coming Apart: The State of White America, 1960–2010 (New York: Crown Forum, 2012).
3Author’s original calculations; data from the 2010 General Social Survey.
4Leon Dash, “Rosa Lee’s Story: About the Series,” Washington Post (1994), accessed November 8, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/backgrnd.htm.
5My too-brief summary of Rosa Lee Cunningham’s life draws from all eight stories in Leon Dash’s masterful multipart series. For a complete table of contents and links to all eight pieces, readers can visit the Washington Post’s website. As of March 2015, the series is available at http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/backgrnd.htm.
6Leon Dash, “A Life Comes Full Circle, and Rosa Lee Faces Loss (Part Eight),” Washington Post, September 25, 1994, accessed November 8, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/part8.htm.
7Leon Dash, “Daughter Travels the Same Troubled Path (Part Six),” Washington Post, September 23, 1994, accessed November 8, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/part6.htm.
8Leon Dash, “A Difficult Journey (Part One),” Washington Post, September 18, 1994, accessed November 8, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/part1.htm.
9“The Readers React,” Washington Post, October 2, 1994, accessed November 8, 2014, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/rosalee/readers.htm.
10Lyndon B. Johnson, Annual Message to the Congress on the State of the Union, January 8, 1964, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26787.
11Lyndon B. Johnson, “The Great Society” (remarks at the University of Michigan), May 22, 1964, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/americanexperience/features/primary-resources/lbj-michigan/.
12“War on Poverty: Portraits from an Appalachian Battlefield, 1964,” Life, accessed March 2, 2014, at http://life.time.com/history/war-on-poverty-appalachia-portraits-1964/.
13Mollie Orshansky, “The Poor in City and Suburb, 1964,” Social Security Bulletin (December 1966): 22–37, http://www.ssa.gov/policy/docs/ssb/v29n12/v29n12p22.pdf.
14Ibid.
15Nicholas Eberstadt, “The Great Society at Fifty,” Weekly Standard, May 19, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.weeklystandard.com/articles/great-society-fifty_791175.html?page=3.
16Robert Rector and Rachel Sheffield, “The War on Poverty After 50 Years,” Heritage Foundation, September 15, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2014/09/the-war-on-poverty-after-50-years.
17Ibid.
18Cameron Steagall, “The Price of Living: From 1964 to 2014,” CBS New York, January 17, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015, http://newyork.cbslocal.com/top-lists/the-price-of-living-from-1964-to-2014/.
19“Product Info,” Best Buy, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.bestbuy.com/site/insignia-39-class-38-1-2-diag—led-720p-hdtv-black/2125035.p?id=1219068846563&skuId=2125035.
20“Poverty in the United States: Frequently Asked Questions,” National Poverty Center, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.npc.umich.edu/poverty/.
21“National Income and Product Accounts Tables: 1950–1959,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTableHtml.cfm?reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&904=1959&903=1&906=a&905=1950&910=x&911=0.
22“National Income and Product Accounts Tables: 1960–1969,” Bureau of Economic Analysis, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&904=1969&903=1&906=a&905=1960&910=x&911=0#reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&904=1969&903=1&906=a&905=1960&910=x&911=0.
23Sarah Kliff, “When Medicare Launched, Nobody Had Any Clue Whether It Would Work,” Washington Post, May 17, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/wonkblog/wp/2013/05/17/when-medicare-launched-nobody-had-any-clue-whether-it-would-work/.
24Carmen DeNavas-Walt and Bernadette D. Proctor, “Income and Poverty in the United States: 2013,” United States Census Bureau (September 2014), http://www.census.gov/content/dam/Census/library/publications/2014/demo/p60-249.pdf.
25Nicholas Eberstadt, “The Great Society at Fifty,” Weekly Standard, May 19, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.weeklystandard.com/print/articles/great-society-fifty_791175.html?page=2.
26Lyndon B. Johnson, Remarks Upon Signing the Economic Opportunity Act, August 20, 1964, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.presidency.ucsb.edu/ws/?pid=26452.
27Bryan Altman, “Prediction Machine Picks Seahawks Over Patriots in Super Bowl XLIX,” CBS Seattle, January 27, 2015, accessed February 12, 2015, http://seattle.cbslocal.com/2015/01/27/prediction-machine-picks-seahawks-over-patriots-in-super-bowl-xlix/.
28Barbara Vobejda, “Clinton Signs Welfare Bill Amid Division,” Washington Post, August 23, 1996, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/politics/special/welfare/stories/wf082396.htm.
29Bill Clinton, “How We Ended Welfare, Together,” New York Times, August 22, 2006, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2006/08/22/opinion/22clinton.html.
30John Ifcher, “The Pursuit of Happiness: How Working Mothers Feel After Welfare Reform,” Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.scu.edu/business/mindwork/archives/spring08/ifcher.cfm.
31John Ifcher and Homa Zarghamee, “Trends in the Happiness of Single Mothers: Evidence from the General Social Survey,” Leavey School of Business, Santa Clara University (2011), accessed March 22, 2015, http://www.scu.edu/business/economics/research/upload/TrendsinHappinessofSingleMothers.pdf.
32Robert Rector, “Obama’s End Run on Welfare Reform, Part One: Understanding Workfare,” Heritage Foundation Backgrounder #2730, accessed March 28, 2015, http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2012/09/obamas-end-run-on-welfare-reform-part-one-understanding-workfare#_ftn6, note 6.
33Martin Feldstein, “The Global Impact of America’s Housing Crisis,” National Bureau of Economic Research (August 2009), accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.nber.org/feldstein/projectsyndicate082009.pdf.
34Chris Isidore, “America’s Lost Trillions,” CNN Money, June 9, 2011, accessed February 12, 2015, http://money.cnn.com/2011/06/09/news/economy/household_wealth/.
35“^GSPC Historic Prices,” Yahoo Finance, accessed February 12, 2015, http://finance.yahoo.com/q/hp?s=^GSPC&a=00&b=1&c=2006&d=00&e=1&f=2010&g=d.
36Tyler Atkinson, David Luttrell, and Harvey Rosenblum, “How Bad Was It? The Costs and Consequences of the 2007–09 Financial Crisis,” Staff Papers 20 (2013), accessed March 2, 2015, https://dallasfed.org/assets/documents/research/staff/staff1301.pdf; Isidore, “America’s Lost Trillions.”
37Kelly Greene, Liam Pleven, Laura Saunders, Dawn Wotapka, and Jason Zweig, “What We Learned from the Financial Crisis,” Wall Street Journal, September 13, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://online.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323864604579069661042932546; “The Financial Crisis Response in Charts,” United States Department of the Treasury (April 2012), http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/Documents/20120413_FinancialCrisisResponse.pdf.
&nb
sp; 38Daniel Halper, “Report: U.S. Spent $3.7 Trillion on Welfare Over Last 5 Years,” Weekly Standard, October 23, 2014, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.weeklystandard.com/blogs/report-us-spent-37-trillion-welfare-over-last-5-years_764582.html.
39Mark M. Gray, “Is Everyone Lining Up to Challenge Hillary Clinton Catholic?” Nineteen Sixty-Four blog, Center for Applied Research in the Apostolate, Georgetown University, accessed February 12, 2015, http://nineteensixty-four.blogspot.com/2013/06/is-everyone-lining-up-to-challenge.html. Gray tabulated his data from the American Presidency Project archives.
40Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President on Economic Mobility,” Office of the Press Secretary, December 4, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2013/12/04/remarks-president-economic-mobility.
41“Obama Calls Income Gap ‘Wrong’—After Widening It,” Investors.com, July 30, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://news.investors.com/ibd-editorials/073013-665705-income-gap-grew-sharply-under-obama.htm.
42Barack Obama, “Remarks by the President at the Associated Press Luncheon,” Office of the Press Secretary, April 3, 2012, accessed February 12, 2015, https://www.whitehouse.gov/the-press-office/2012/04/03/remarks-president-associated-press-luncheon.
43Edward N. Wolff, “The Asset Price Meltdown and the Wealth of the Middle Class,” National Bureau of Economic Research (November 2012), accessed February 12, 2015, doi: 10.3386/w18559.
44Emmanuel Saez, “Striking It Richer: The Evolution of Top Incomes in the United States (updated with 2012 preliminary estimates),” University of California, Berkeley, Department of Economics (September 3, 2013), accessed February 12, 2015, http://eml.berkeley.edu/~saez/saez-UStopincomes-2012.pdf.
45DeNavas-Walt and Proctor, “Income and Poverty in the United States: 2013.”
46“Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Participation and Costs,” Food and Nutrition Service, updated March 6, 2015, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.fns.usda.gov/sites/default/files/pd/SNAPsummary.pdf.
47Beth Laurence, “How Much in Social Security Disability Benefits Can You Get,” Disability Secrets, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.disabilitysecrets.com/how-much-in-ssd.html.
48“Gap in U.S. Unemployment Rates Between Rich and Poor Continues to Widen,” NJ.com, September 16, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.nj.com/business/index.ssf/2013/09/gaps_in_us_unemployment_rates.html.
49“Economic News Release: Employment Status of the Civilian Population by Race, Sex, and Age,” Bureau of Labor Statistics, updated March 6, 2015, accessed March 15, 2015, http://www.bls.gov/news.release/empsit.t02.htm.
50Robert A. Margo, “Employment and Unemployment in the 1930s,” Journal of Economic Perspectives 7, no. 2 (1993): 41–59, https://fraser.stlouisfed.org/docs/meltzer/maremp93.pdf.
51Emily Swanson, “Poll: Republican Party Wants to Help the Rich,” Huffington Post, September 25, 2013, accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/09/25/republican-party-rich_n_3984789.html.
52“As Midterms Near, GOP Leads on Key Issues, Democrats Have a More Positive Image,” Pew Research Center (October 23, 2014), accessed February 12, 2015, http://www.people-press.org/2014/10/23/as-midterms-near-gop-leads-on-key-issues-democrats-have-a-more-positive-image/.
Chapter 3: Pushing the Bucket
1“Remarks of 2011 Ready, Willing & Able Graduate Dallas Davis,” YouTube video, April 5, 2011, accessed March 1, 2015, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XMXSIx2L1AA.
2“Mama Doe Candlelight Vigil,” Doe Fund, accessed March 10, 2015, http://www.doe.org/events_past_detail.cfm?eventID=146.
3Associated Press, “Homeless Woman Found Dead in Grand Central Terminal,” December 26, 1985, accessed March 10, 2015, http://www.doe.org/news_detail.cfm?pressID=60&news_type=archives.
4Sandra Yin, “Doe Fund Plays Role in Changing Lives,” March 23, 2000, accessed March 10, 2015, http://www.doe.org/news_detail.cfm?pressID=12&news_type=archives.
5“Deputy Attorney General James M. Cole Speaks at the Southeastern Regional Reentry Conference,” October 16, 2012, http://www.justice.gov/opa/speech/deputy-attorney-general-james-m-cole-speaks-southeastern-regional-reentry-conference.
6Joan Petersilia, “When Prisoners Return to the Community: Political, Economic, and Social Consequences,” Papers from the Executive Sessions on Sentencing and Corrections 9 (November 2000), U.S. Department of Justice, https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/184253.pdf.
7Catherine Sirois and Bruce Western, “An Evaluation of Ready, Willing, and Able,” Action Research Report, Harvard University (2010).
8Andy Kiersz, “Labor Force Participation Falls to Its Lowest Rate Since 1978,” Business Insider, October 3, 2014, accessed March 18, 2015, http://www.businessinsider.com/labor-force-participation-rate-september-2014-2014-10.
9Yian Q. Mui, “More Americans Are Stuck in Part-time Work,” Washington Post, July 3, 2014, accessed March 3, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/more-americans-are-stuck-in-part-time-work/2014/07/02/2eefaa72-f7e7-11e3-a3a5-42be35962a52_story.html.
10Author’s original calculations; data from the 2001 Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID). See Arthur C. Brooks, “I Love My Work,” American, September 17, 2007, accessed January 9, 2015, http://www.aei.org/publication/i-love-my-work/.
11Author’s original calculations; data from the 2002 General Social Survey.
12Joseph Ratzinger, “Homily of His Eminence Card, Joseph Ratzinger Dean of the College of Cardinals,” Vatican, April 18, 2005, accessed March 25, 2015, http://www.vatican.va/gpII/documents/homily-pro-eligendo-pontifice_20050418_en.html.
13“Text: George W. Bush’s Speech to the NAACP,” Washington Post, July 10, 2000, accessed March 15, 2015, http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/onpolitics/elections/bushtext071000.htm.
14M. E. P. Seligman, S. F. Maier, and J. Geer, “Alleviation of Learned Helplessness in the Dog,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 73, no. 3 (1968): 252–62.
15Lyn Y. Abramson, Martin E. Seligman, and John D. Teasdale, “Learned Helplessness in Humans: Critique and Reformulation,” Journal of Abnormal Psychology 87, no. 1 (February 1978): 49–74.
Chapter 4: Lessons from an Indian Slum and an Austrian Ghost Town
1Lakshmi Iyer, John D. Macomber, and Namrata Arora, “Dharavi: Developing Asia’s Largest Slum,” Harvard Business School Case 710-004 (July 2009), accessed February 21, 2015, http://www.artdurnev.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/06/Dharavi.pdf.
2“Highlights of Annual 2013 Characteristics of New Housing,” U.S. Census Bureau (2013), accessed March 11, 2015, https://www.census.gov/construction/chars/highlights.html.
3“A Flourishing Slum,” Economist, December 19, 2007, accessed January 5, 2015, http://www.economist.com/node/10311293.
4Josephine d’Allant, “Giving the Urban Poor Access to City Centers,” Huffington Post, December 6, 2013, accessed January 18, 2015, http://www.huffingtonpost.com/josephine-dallant/giving-the-urban-poor-acc_b_4392762.html.
5Data from the World Bank’s “Country Dashboard” tool, accessed March 30, 2015, http://povertydata.worldbank.org/poverty/country/IND.
6Sadanand Dhume, “Debating the Tiger’s Rise,” Wall Street Journal, April 15, 2013, accessed January 16, 2015, http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887324100904578404832410133390.
7“GNI Per Capita,” World Bank, accessed March 30, 2015, http://data.worldbank.org/indicator/NY.GNP.PCAP.CD/countries/IN?display=graph.
8Thomas Kostigen, “Recycling Profits,” Market Watch, November 26, 2007, accessed January 15, 2015, http://www.marketwatch.com/story/in-indias-recycling-capital-10-a-month-brings-hope.
9Jim Yardley, “In One Slum, Misery, Work, Politics and Hope,” New York Times, December 28, 2011, accessed January 2, 2015, http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/29/world/asia/in-indian-slum-misery-work-politics-and-hope.html.
10Iyer, Macomber, and Arora, “Dharavi.”
11Marie Jahoda, Paul F. Lazarsfeld, Hans Zeisel, and Christian Fleck, Marienthal: The Sociography of
an Unemployed Community (Chicago: Aldine Atherton, 2002).
12Carmen Perez-Lanzac, “La Apatía de un ‘Nini,’” El Pais, November 2, 2014, accessed January 16, 2015, http://politica.elpais.com/politica/2014/10/22/actualidad/1413974500_362946.html.
13Pilar Alvarez, “El Paro de los Titulados Españoles Triplica la Media de la OCDE,” El Pais, September 9, 2014, accessed January 16, 2015, http://sociedad.elpais.com/sociedad/2014/09/09/actualidad/1410246577_609240.html.
142007 World Values Survey.
15Marta Domínguez-Folgueras and Teresa Castro-Martín, “Women’s Changing Socioeconomic Position and Union Formation in Spain and Portugal,” Demographic Research 19, no. 41 (2008), doi:10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.41.
16“Spain Unemployment Rate,” Trading Economics, accessed March 29, 2015, http://www.tradingeconomics.com/spain/unemployment-rate.
17Pope Francis, “Address of Pope Francis to the European Parliament,” Strasbourg, France, November 25, 2014, accessed February 10, 2015, http://w2.vatican.va/content/francesco/en/speeches/2014/november/documents/papa-francesco_20141125_strasburgo-parlamento-europeo.html.
18Keith Fournier, “Evangelical, Missionary Pope Francis Calls Europe to Return to Jesus Christ and Christian Roots,” Catholic Online, November 27, 2014, accessed February 5, 2015, http://www.catholic.org/news/international/europe/story.php?id=57785.
19Robert Manchin, “Religion in Europe: Trust Not Filling the Pews,” Gallup, September 21, 2004, accessed March 2, 2015, http://www.gallup.com/poll/13117/religion-europe-trust-filling-pews.aspx.
20“Everything You Need to Know About Ireland’s Disaffected Catholics,” Week, June 28, 2014, accessed February 5, 2015, http://theweek.com/article/index/263824/everything-you-need-to-know-about-irelands-disaffected-catholics.
21“French Birth Rate Falls Below Two Children Per Woman,” Reuters, January 14, 2014, accessed January 3, 2015, http://www.reuters.com/article/2014/01/14/france-demographics-idUSL6N0KO2FS20140114.
The Conservative Heart Page 22