by Anita Desai
Thul is the name of a real village on the Western coast of India. There are many places in India, and across the world, suspended between tradition and modernity, grappling to come to terms with change.
MR PANWALLAH SAYS:
‘Learn, learn, learn – so that you can grow and change. Things change all the time, boy – nothing remains the same […] The wheel turns and turns: it never stops and stands still.’
Quiz
Thinking caps on – let’s see how much you can remember! Answers are on the next page. (No peeking!)
1 What is the name of Biju’s new boat?
a) Seagull
b) Mermaid
c) Starfish
d) Sky
2 What does Lila give to the medicine man for payment?
a) a ring
b) a bangle
c) money
d) food
3 What does the elderly man, Sayyid Ali Sahib, study whilst staying at Mon Repos?
a) plants
b) rocks
c) birds
d) insects
4 Where does Hari normally sleep when he’s living in Bombay?
a) on the street
b) in a hotel
c) in the slums
d) in the park
5 During which celebration does Mr Panwallah take Hari to the beach in Bombay?
a) Holi
b) Diwali
c) Coconut Day
d) Onam
ANSWERS:
1) b
2) a
3) c
4) d
5) c
Make and Do
How to make traditional masala chai
During the course of this story we hear about the characters cradling a cup of sweet, fragrant and nourishing tea; unlike our tea, this is spiced, creamy and sweetened, and referred to as ‘chai’ (a word meaning ‘tea’ in many parts of the world). It is a centuries-old drink and is an important part of Indian quotidian culture. There are many different customs and variations so try playing around with different spices (such as star anise) and, if you like the taste, try making chai milkshakes or even chai ice cream!
These ingredients will make enough for one cup of masala chai. This recipe will use whole fat milk but you can use almond, soya milk or even trying adding a little cream.
YOU WILL NEED:
❋ 180ml water plus 60ml milk
❋ 2 heaped teaspoons of loose black tea (preferably Assam or Ceylon)
❋ 2 green cardamom pods (cracked)
❋ 4 whole cloves
❋ 2–3 whole black peppercorns
❋ 1/4 teaspoon fennel seeds
❋ 1–2 cinnamon sticks
❋ Fresh ginger (2–3 thin slices)
❋ Sweetener (unrefined sugar or honey is best)
1 Place the cardamom pods, cloves, peppercorns, fennel seeds and cinnamon into a pestle and mortar and grind into a powder.
2 Add your ground spices to the water in a saucepan and bring the mixture to the boil. Cover, turn to a low heat and simmer for 10 minutes.
3 Add the milk and sugar and bring the mixture to a simmer again.
4 Then add the loose black tea and the fresh ginger, turn off the heat and allow this infusion to steep for 2 minutes.
5 Pour into a cup through a sieve to strain out tea leaves and spices.
6 Enjoy!
The Falklands War is a ten-week long battle between Britain and Argentina.
Prince William is born in June, in Paddington, London
The film E.T. is released and tops the charts. Meanwhile, Michael Jackson’s album Thriller tops the music charts for the final months of 1982.
Diet Coke is introduced.
Puffin Writing Tip
Like Hari, change your scenery and go see something you’ve never seen before.
Anita surrounds herself with memories; she has photographs, shells and fragments collected throughout her life. Try looking at your old family photos – as well as embarrassing haircuts you might find out something you never knew!
If you have enjoyed The Village by the Sea you may like to read Chinese Cinderella by Adeline Yen Mah, the true story of an unwanted daughter.
Adeline Yen Mah
CHINESE CINDERELLA
1. Top of the Class
Autumn, 1941
As soon as I got home from school, Aunt Baba noticed the silver medal dangling from the left breast-pocket of my uniform. She was combing her hair in front of the mirror in our room when I rushed in and plopped my school-bag down on my bed.
‘What’s that hanging on your dress?’
‘It’s something special that Mother Agnes gave me in front of the whole class this afternoon. She called it an award.’
My aunt looked thrilled. ‘So soon? You only started kindergarten one week ago. What is it for?’
‘It’s for topping my class this week. When Mother Agnes pinned it on my dress, she said I could wear it for seven days. Here, this certificate goes with it.’ I opened my school-bag and handed her an envelope as I climbed onto her lap.
She opened the envelope and took out the certificate.
‘Why, it’s all written in French or English or some other foreign language. How do you expect me to read this, my precious little treasure?’ I knew she was pleased because she was smiling as she hugged me. ‘One day soon,’ she continued, ‘you’ll be able to translate all this into Chinese for me. Until then, we’ll just write today’s date on the envelope and put it away somewhere safe. Go close the door properly and put on the latch so no one will come in.’
I watched her open her closet door and take out her safe-deposit box. She took the key from a gold chain around her neck and placed my certificate underneath her jade bracelet, pearl necklace and diamond watch – as if my award were also some precious jewel impossible to replace.
As she closed the lid, an old photograph fell out. I picked up the faded picture and saw a solemn young man and woman, both dressed in old-fashioned Chinese robes. The man looked rather familiar.
‘Is this a picture of my father and dead mama?’ I asked.
‘No. This is the wedding picture of your grandparents. Your Ye Ye was twenty-six and your Nai Nai was only fifteen.’ She quickly took the photo from me and locked it in her box.
‘Do you have a picture of my dead mama?’
She avoided my eyes. ‘No. But I have wedding pictures of your father and stepmother Niang. You were only one year old when they married. Do you want to see them?’
‘No. I’ve seen those before. I just want to see one of my own mama. Do I look like her?’ Aunt Baba did not reply, but busied herself putting the safe-deposit box back into her closet. After a while I said, ‘When did my mama die?’
‘Your mother came down with a high fever three days after you were born. She died when you were two weeks old …’ She hesitated for a moment, then exclaimed suddenly, ‘How dirty your hands are! Have you been playing in that sand-box at school again? Go wash them at once! Then come back and do your homework!’
I did as I was told. Though I was only four years old, I understood I should not ask Aunt Baba too many questions about my dead mama. Big Sister once told me, ‘Aunt Baba and Mama used to be best friends. A long time ago, they worked together in a bank in Shanghai owned by our Grand Aunt, the youngest sister of Grandfather Ye Ye. But then Mama died giving birth to you. If you had not been born, Mama would still be alive. She died because of you. You are bad luck.’
2. A Tianjin Family
At the time of my birth, Big Sister was six and a half years old. My three brothers were five, four and three. They blamed me for causing Mama’s () death and never forgave me.
A year later, Father () remarried. Our stepmother, whom we called Niang (), was a seventeen-year-old Eurasian beauty fourteen years his junior. Father always introduced her to his friends as his French wife though she was actually half French and half Chinese. Besides Chinese, she spoke French and English. She was almost as tall as Fathe
r, stood very straight and dressed only in French clothes – many of which came from Paris. Her thick, wavy, black hair never had a curl out of place. Her large, dark-brown eyes were fringed with long, thick lashes. She wore heavy make-up, expensive French perfume and many diamonds and pearls. It was Grandmother Nai Nai who told us to call her Niang, another Chinese term for ‘mother’.
One year after their wedding, they had a son (Fourth Brother) followed by a daughter (Little Sister). There were now seven of us: five children from Father’s first wife and two from our stepmother, Niang.
As well as Father and Niang, we lived with our Grandfather Ye Ye (), Grandmother Nai Nai () and Aunt Baba () in a big house in the French Concession of Tianjin, a city port on the north-east coast of China. Aunt Baba was the older sister of our father. Because she was meek, shy, unmarried and had no money of her own, my parents ordered her to take care of me. From an early age, I slept in a cot in her room. This suited me well because I grew to know her better and better and we came to share a life apart from the rest of our family. Under the circumstances, perhaps it was inevitable that, in time, we loved each other very deeply.
Many years before, China had lost a war (known as the Opium War) against England and France. As a result, many coastal cities in China (such as Tianjin and Shanghai) came to be occupied by foreign soldiers.
The conquerors parcelled out the best areas of these treaty ports for themselves, claiming them as their own ‘territories’ or ‘concessions’. Tianjin’s French Concession was like a little piece of Paris transplanted into the centre of this big Chinese city. Our house was built in the French style and looked as if it had been lifted from a tree-shaded avenue near the Eiffel Tower. Surrounded by a charming garden, it had porches, balconies, bow windows, awnings and a slanting tile roof. Across the street was St Louis Catholic Boys’ School, where the teachers were French missionaries.
In December 1941, when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor, the United States became involved in the Second World War. Although Tianjin was occupied by the Japanese, the French Concession was still being governed by French officials. French policemen strutted about looking important and barking out orders in their own language, which they expected everyone to understand and obey.
At my school, Mother Agnes taught us the alphabet and how to count in French. Many of the streets around our house were named after dead French heroes or Catholic saints. When translated into Chinese, these street names became so complicated that Ye Ye and Nai Nai often had trouble remembering them. Bilingual store signs were common but the most exclusive shops painted their signs only in French. Nai Nai told us this was the foreigners’ way of announcing that no Chinese were allowed there except for maids in charge of white children.
3. Nai Nai’s Bound Feet
The dinner-bell rang at seven. Aunt Baba took my hand and led me into the dining-room.
My grandparents were just ahead of us. Aunt Baba told me to run quickly to the head of the big, round dining-table and pull out Grandmother Nai Nai’s chair for her. Nai Nai walked very slowly because of her bound feet. I watched her as she inched her way towards me, hobbling and swaying as if her toes had been partly cut off. As she sat down with a sigh of relief, I placed my foot next to her embroidered, black-silk shoe to compare sizes.
‘Nai Nai, how come your feet are so tiny?’ I asked.
‘When I was three years old, a tight bandage was wound around my feet, bending the toes under the sole and crushing the arch so that my feet would remain small all my life. This has been the custom in China for over one thousand years, ever since the Tang dynasty. In my day, small feet were considered feminine and beautiful. If you had large and unbound feet, no man would marry you. This was the custom.’
‘Did it hurt?’
‘Of course! It hurt so badly I couldn’t sleep. I screamed with pain and begged my mother to free my feet but she wouldn’t. In fact, the pain has never gone away. My feet have hurt every day since they were bound and continue to hurt today. I had a pair of perfectly normal feet when I was born, but they maimed me on purpose and gave me life-long arthritis so I would be attractive. Just be thankful this horrible custom was done away with thirty years ago. Otherwise your feet would be crippled and you wouldn’t be able to run or jump either.’
I went to the foot of the table and sat at my assigned seat between Second Brother and Third Brother as my three brothers ran in, laughing and jostling each other. I cringed as Second Brother sat down on my right. He was always saying mean things to me and grabbing my share of goodies when nobody was looking.
Second Brother used to sit next to Big Brother but the two of them fought a lot. Father finally separated them when they broke a fruit bowl fighting over a pear.
Big Brother winked at me as he sat down. He had a twinkle in his eye and was whistling a tune. Yesterday he’d tried to teach me how to whistle but no matter how hard I tried I couldn’t make it work. Was Big Brother up to some new mischief today? Last Sunday afternoon, I came across him crouched by Grandfather Ye Ye’s bed, watching him like a cat while Ye Ye took his nap. A long black hair from Ye Ye’s right nostril was being blown out and drawn in with every snore. Silently but swiftly, Big Brother suddenly approached Ye Ye and carefully pinched the nasal hair between his forefinger and thumb. There was a tantalising pause as Ye Ye exhaled with a long, contented wheeze. Meanwhile I held my breath, mesmerised and not daring to make a sound. Finally, Ye Ye inhaled deeply. Doggedly, Big Brother hung on. The hair was wrenched from its root. Ye Ye woke up with a yell, jumped from his bed, took in the situation with one glance and went after Big Brother with a feather duster. Laughing hysterically, Big Brother rushed out of the room, slid down the banister and made a clean getaway into the garden, all the time holding Ye Ye’s hair aloft like a trophy.
Third Brother took his seat on my left. His lips were pursed and he was trying to whistle unsuccessfully. Seeing the medal on my uniform, he raised his eyebrow and smiled at me. ‘What’s that?’ he asked.
‘It’s an award for topping my class. My teacher says I can wear it for seven days.’
‘Congratulations! First week at school and you get a medal! Not bad!’
While I was basking in Third Brother’s praise, I suddenly felt a hard blow across the back of my head. I turned around to see Second Brother glowering at me.
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First published by William Heinemann Ltd 1982
Published in Puffin Books 1984
Reissued in this edition 2015
Copyright © Anita Desai, 1982
Illustrated by David Dean
The moral right of the author and illustrator has been asserted
ISBN: 978-0-141-36284-7