ILO (International Labour Organization), 89, 96
immigration law, 63
immigration quotas, 63–64
Ingr, Sergej, 128–29
Institute for Refugees (Czechoslovakia), 23
International Association of Religious Freedom, 96
International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC), 145–46
international driver’s licenses, 114–16
International Labour Organization (ILO), 89, 96
Iraq, 210–11; Iraqi Jews, 211
Israel, 203–7, 209–11, 213, 220, 223–24
Jack, Homer A., 208
Jaksch, Wenzel, 47, 50
Japanese internment camps, 187–89, 196
Jerusalem, Israel, 207
Jewish Refugee Committee (England), 30
Joint Anti-Fascist Refugee Committee, 201, 202, 214
Joint Distribution Committee (JDC), 111, 137, 139
Josef, Franz, 17
Joukowsky, Artemis, II, 219
Joukowsky, Martha Content. See Sharp, Martha Content
Joy, Charles, 141, 160, 178
Karel Farsky Refugee Children’s Home, 85
Kavarna Artia, 60
Kazan, Elia, 207
Kennan, George, 236n4.7
Kindertransport, 29–35
Kingdon, Frank, 138
King-Havenner Bill, 100
Kosé, Jaroslav, 96
Kozak, Jan Blahoslav (“J.B.”), 78–79, 147
Krebes, Joseph, 82
Kristallnacht, 6, 30
Kroeger, Nelly, 147, 148, 152, 153–55
Kulturträgers: in Marseille, 147–51, 152–62, 180; in Prague, 62–79
Lady Chatterley’s Lover (Lawrence), 168
Lanz, Jean, 113
Lawrence, D. H., 168
Lee, E. Rosalind, 14–15
Lehmann, Siegfried, 209
Lembeye, France, 133
Lerida, Spain, 122
Les Mille prison camp, 149–51
Lidice, Czechoslovakia, 54–55
Lindbergh, Charles, 3
Linnell, Irving, 45, 54, 79, 82–84, 90
Lisbon, travel to, 107–15
London:money laundering in, 67; Sharps in, 14–15
London, Louise, 29
Long, Breckinridge, 138–39
Lord Mayor’s Fund, 14
Lourdes, France, 133–35
Lovosice, Czechoslovakia, 91
Lowrie, Donald A. (“Don”): first meeting with, 16; and help for Kulturträgers in Czechoslovakia, 74, 77, 96; in Marseille, 139, 143; meeting in Paris with, 89; and milk delivery to France, 113–14, 123–24, 132; in plan to rescue Czech refugees at Agde, 128, 130, 136–42; in plan to rescue of Kulturträgers from Marseille, 119; as refugee, 113; reunion in Cerbère with, 125–26
Lowrie, Helen: first meeting with, 16; and help for Kulturträgers in Czechoslovakia, 74, 77, 96; in Marseille, 140; meeting in Paris with, 89; and milk delivery to France, 113–14, 132; and milk distribution program, 178; in plan to rescue French children, 164, 166, 172, 173–74; in plan to rescue of Kulturträgers from Marseille, 119; as refugee, 113
Loyson, Hyacinthe, 143–44, 165
Luce, Robert, 12
Lysa nad Labem, Czechoslovakia, 22–23
The Magnetic Tide (film), 209
Mahler, Gustave, 118
Maison Carrée, 125
Mann, Erika, 138, 147, 152
Mann, Gottfried (“Golo”), 147, 148, 152, 153–56
Mann, Heinrich, 147, 148, 152, 153–55
Mann, Thomas, 138, 147, 155
March of Dimes, 207
Marean, Parker, 87
Markson, Annabelle, 181, 220
Marseille, France: arrival in, 125–31; Czech refugees in, 128–30; rescue of Kulturträgers from, 147–51, 152–62
Martha Sharp House, 209
Martin, Joseph W., Jr. (“Joe”), 195–97, 200–201, 202, 203
Masaryk, Alice, 23–24, 29, 37–38, 43, 44, 45, 50–51, 64–65
Masaryk, Jan, 12–13, 16, 73, 192
Masaryk, Tomas, 4, 12, 16, 17, 23–24, 53
Mayer, Gerda Stein, 32–34
McKeesport (ship), 112, 146
Meir, Golda, 204
Mendelsohn, Jack, 220
Mette, Marnie, 9–10
Meyerhof, Hedwig, 157
Meyerhof, Otto, 157
microphones in hotel rooms, 76
Middle East Mission of UNRRA, 189–91
midwives in Basses-Pyrenees, 133
milk delivery for children in Vichy France: arrival of, 143–45; and Robert Dexter, 119, 126–28, 141–42; failure of continuance of, 145–46; and Varian Fry, 139–40; initial plans for, 111–12, 113–14; and Madame Saint-René Taillandier, 130–31; traveling into France for, 119–24
money laundering, 64–67, 80–87
Montpellier, France, 131
Morris, Martin, 13
Munich Pact, 2–3, 4, 5, 29
Munz, Otto, 82
Murphy, Robert D., 166
Myerson, Golda, 204
National Bank Czechoslovakia, 65
National Committee of American Friends of Czechoslovakia, 214
National Czechoslovak Church, 5
National Infant Paralysis (Polio) Foundation, 206–7
National Security Resources Board (NSRB), 213–15, 216
National Socialism, 41
National War Fund, 189, 193
Nay, France, 133
Nestlé Company, 113
Netherlands, train rescue operation into, 71–72
Neve Shalom/Wahat al Salam, 206
Niles, Marion, 63, 89, 104, 138
Nîmes, France, 125
Nirosta Corporation, 107–9, 112–13
NSRB (National Security Resources Board), 213–15, 216
Nuremberg Laws (1935), 3, 29
Oberlin College, 78–79
Oestreicher, Heinz, 73
Okounieff, Alexis, 132, 170, 173
Okounieff, Irina, 132, 165, 170
Okounieff, Nicholas, 132, 170, 177
Operation Sports, 210
Orient Express (train), 16–17, 74–75
Pacific Unitarian School of Religion, 5
Palantova, Ruzena, 22–23, 55–56, 192
Paldiel, Mordecai, 148, 223–24
Palestine, 203–7
Palestine String Quartet, 209
Palestinian refugee camps, 210
Pan Am Dixie Clipper, 107–9
Paris, France: arranging immigration of Kulturträgers to, 74, 77–78; en route to Czechoslovakia, 15–16; money laundering in, 67; Unitarian center in, 101–2
Pascal’s (Marseille), 126
Pau, France, 132–35, 143
Peck, Gregory, 207
Pell, Herbert Claiborne, Jr., 110, 172, 175
PEN (Poets, Playwrights, Essayists, and Novelists), 16
Pennington, Leslie T., 106, 208, 217–18
Perpignan, France, 125
Pétain, Philippe, 104, 166
Phony War, 101, 102
Plaminkova, Frantiska, 90–94
Poets, Playwrights, Essayists and Novelists (PEN), 16
Polish resistance, 94–95
Pollakova, Anna, 129, 225
Popper, George, 137
Portbou, France, 122–24
Portugal, 107–15
Pospisil, Vladimir, 65
Prague, Czechoslovakia: arrival in, 16–19; control of public gatherings and anti-Semitism in, 57–61; departure from, 90–100; first days under Nazi rule of, 53–56; first weeks in, 20–27; flow of refugees into, 20–21; food shortages and curfew in, 58; helping Kulturträgers in, 62–79; Jewish community of, 20; looting of, 52; shutting down of all refugee programs in, 94
Prague Bar Council, 41
Prague National Theatre, 34–35, 236n4.7
Prochazka, Gustave A., 24–25
public gatherings, control of, 57–59
Quakers (Society of Friends), 30, 47, 139
Queen Elizabeth (ship), 193
> Queen Mary (ship), 97–98
Rankin, John E., 207
Rasputin, Grigori, 16
Rathbone, Eleanor, 15, 191
Rayburn, Sam, 195
Raymond Rich Associates, 219
recording machines in hotel rooms, 76
refugee(s): feeding of, 84; summer camps and homes for, 84–85
refugee children, Kindertransport of, 29–35
“refugee relocation,” 62
Reid, Whitelaw, II, 107, 108, 109
rescue and relief organizations, 227
Ribbentrop, Joachim von, 96
Richards, Lyman, 138, 184
Rieser, Ferdinand, 117–18
Rieser, Marianne, 117–19, 133
“Righteous Among the Nations,” 223–24
Rockefeller Foundation, 160
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 138, 151, 187
Roosevelt, Franklin Delano, 104, 138, 187, 196, 207
Rowntree, Elizabeth (“Tessa”), 22, 30, 67–68
Russian colony in Czechoslovakia, 86
Salvation Army, 84, 225
Sanary-sur-Mer, France, 118
San Nicola (Nîmes, France), 151
Scharf, Leopoldina, 44
Schindler, Oskar, 223
schistosomiasis, 210
Schleim, Otto, 87
Schonberger, Otto, 87
Schwartz, Joseph, 225
Scoville, Orlena, 114–16, 116–17, 120
SdP (Sudeten-German Party), 5
Second Czechoslovak Republic, 27
Secours Américain (Marseille), 153
Sharett, Moshe, 210
Sharp, Martha: aid to immigration of Spanish Republicans by, 191; arrival in France of, 125–31; and arrival of milk shipment, 143–45; articles in Christian Science Monitor, 179; care of Hastings after head injury by, 219; in Chicago, 209, 212; children’s view of, 183–84, 185; on control of public gatherings and anti-Semitism in Prague, 57–61; departure from Czechoslovakia of, 88–98; divorce of, 216–18; escort of man seeking asylum by, 48–50; final trip to Israel by, 213; first days under Nazi rule in Prague for, 53–56; first weeks in Prague of, 20–27; Gestapo minder of, 90; and Hadassah, 181, 193, 194, 203–7, 212; helping Kulturträgers by, 62–79; heroism of, 224–26; honored by Israel, 223–24; on Japanese internment camps, 187–89; journey to Czechoslovakia by, 11–19; later years and death of, 221–22; move to New York City of, 219; on National Security Resources Board, 213–15; obtaining international driver’s license by, 114–16; on Orient Express, 74–75; in Pau and Lourdes, France, 132–35; request to go to Czechoslovakia, 2–10; request to go to France to aid Czech refugees, 99–106; rescue of children from France by, 106, 144, 163–77; rescue of Kulturträgers from Marseille by, 147–51, 152–62; resignation from USC by, 189; run for Congress by, 195–202; second marriage of, 220; speaking engagements and fund-raising by, 178–82, 183–84, 187, 189, 193, 194, 206–7, 212; third mission to Israel by, 209–11; train rescue operation by, 67–73; travel to Lisbon by, 107–15; visit to Iraq by, 210–11
Sharp, Martha Content: at ceremony honoring parents in Israel, 223; in Chicago, 209, 211–12, 217; college career of, 217–18; on family life, 183–86, 193, 194; on heroism of parents, 224–25; illness and tonsillectomy of, 138, 144–45, 148; marriage of, 219; and Martha’s run for Congress, 198–99; during mission in Czechoslovakia, 9–10, 19, 31, 73, 89–90, 99; during mission to France, 102, 104, 105, 106, 163, 168, 174; in Providence, R. I., 221–22; and request for parents to go to Czechoslovakia, 2; separation from parents, 191–92; at Silver-stone’s party, 207; summer camps and homes for, 84–85
Sharp, Waitstill Hastings: and AmRelCzech, 191–92; arrival in France of, 125–31; in Chicago, 208–15; children’s view of, 184, 185; currency conversion and financial assistance by, 64–67, 80–87; in Davenport, Iowa, 219; death of, 220; departure from Czechoslovakia of, 88–98; divorce of, 216–18; first days under Nazi rule in Prague for, 53–56; first weeks in Prague of, 20–27; in Flint, Michigan, 220; helping Kulturträgers by, 62–79; helping student refugees by, 94–95; heroism of, 224–26; honored by Israel, 223–24; journey to Czechoslovakia by, 11–19; last communication with Martha, 219–20; at marriage of Martha Content, 219; obtaining international driver’s license by, 114–16; in Petersham, Mass., 220; plans to rescue Czech refugees at Agde, 136–42; on putting down roots, 205; request to go to Czechoslovakia, 2–10; request to go to France to aid Czech refugees, 99–106; rescue of Kulturträgers from Marseille by, 147–51, 152–62; resignation from pulpit at Wellesley Hills of, 189; resignation from USC of, 189; response to Martha’s run for Congress by, 197–98; second marriage of, 220; sermon urging United States to declare war by, 105–6; speaking engagements by, 178–79; travel to Lisbon by, 107–15; and UNRRA, 189–91
Sharp, Waitstill Hastings, Jr. (“Hastings”): in Chicago, 209, 211; death of, 222; on family life, 183–86; head injury of, 219; and Martha’s run for Congress, 198; during mission in Czechoslovakia, 9–10, 19, 31, 73, 89–90, 99; during mission to France, 102, 104, 105, 106, 163, 168, 174; at private school, 193, 194; and request for parents to go to Czechoslovakia, 2; separation from parents, 191–92; summer camps and homes for, 84–85
Shuster, George, 138
Silverstone, Dorothy, 207, 209
Silverstone, Murray, 207
sitzkrieg, 101, 102
Slonitz, Hermione, 95
Slonitz, Hugo, 95
Slonitz, Ruth, 13
Slovakia, near-secession of, 28
snail fever, 210
Social Democrats, 17, 47, 84
Society of Friends (Quakers), 30, 47, 139
Song of Bernadette (Werfel), 135
Soubirous, Bernadette, 133–35
soup kitchen, 84
Southampton, England, 14
Spanish Republicans, 191, 201
sponsors, 63
spy craft, 15
Stalin, Josef, 96, 213
Standish, Miles, 151
Star of David, 205
Staromeske Namesti, 46, 52
St. Clair, Lydia, 236–37n8.2
Stebbins, Edna: death of, 219; during mission to Czechoslovakia, 8–9, 10, 11, 19, 73, 76–77, 89–90; during mission to France, 99, 104, 180
Stebbins, Livingston, 9, 99, 104, 180, 219
Stein, Arnold, 32–34
Steiner, Elizabeth, 129–30
Stein, Erna, 32–34
Stein, Gerda, 32–34, 235n4.4
Stein, Johanna, 32–33, 235n4.4
Stepanova, Madame, 132
Stevenson, Margaret, 73
Strasser, Alexander, 164, 170, 171, 174, 177
Strasser, Joseph, 164, 170, 171, 174, 175–76, 177
Strasser, Madeline, 164
Strasser, Paul, 164
Studensky Domov, 77
student refugees, 94–95
Sudeten-German Party (SdP), 5
Sudetenland, 20, 26–27, 29
Sum, Antonin, 21, 29
summer camp programs, 84–85
Svejk (fictional), 58–59
Sweet, Priscilla (“Puss”), 9
Swift, Ernest, 141, 142
Symington, Stuart, 213
Szold, Henrietta, 181, 206
Taillandier, Madeleine Saint-René, 112, 117, 130–31
Tallon, Ninon, 137–38, 174–75
Tarascon, France, 112, 117
Taub, Siegfried, 47
Taylor, Myron Charles, 108
Terezin concentration camp, 94, 212
Terminus Hotel (Marseille, France), 125, 156
Theis, Cécile, 177, 221
Theis, Edouard, 170, 177
Theis, Françoise, 177, 221
Theis, Jacqueline, 177, 221
Theis, Jeanne, 177, 212, 221
Theis, Louise, 177, 221
Theis, Marguerite, 177, 221
Thomas Mann Society, 78, 147
Thompson, Dorothy, 138
Tiso, Jozef, 27, 28
Toulouse, France, 152
Triscos, Germaine, 171
&n
bsp; Troper, Morris, 111
underground railroad, 94–95
Unitaria, 4–5, 17, 86–87
Unitarian Association, 62
Unitarian Case Work Committee, 63, 100, 179
Unitarian Church, 1
Unitarianism, 4
Unitarian Service Committee (USC): formation of, 101, 102; and Varian Fry, 139; and Japanese-American internees, 188–89; Martha’s speaking and travel schedule for, 189; and medical mission to Czechoslovakia, 192; and milk delivery plan, 133; set up in Lisbon of, 137; and Spanish Republicans, 191; and visit to Iraq, 210
Unitarian Society of Wellesley Hills, Mass., 1
Unitarian Universalist Service Committee (UUSC), 101
United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (UNRRA), 189–91
Universalist Service Committee, 101
US Committee for the Care of European Children (USCOM), 106, 164
Vakar, Anna, 170–71, 175, 176
Vakar, Catherine, 170–71, 176, 183
Vichy France: milk for children in, 111–12, 113–14, 119–24; rescue of children from, 106, 144, 163–77
Vincent, Helene, 171
Vochoc, Vladimir, 128–30
von Neurath, Konstantin, 54, 55
Vranek, Jiri, 38–39
Wagner-Rogers legislation, 196
Waistcoat, Virginia, 9
Waldenstein Palace, 25–26, 43
Wallenberg, Raoul, 223
Walsh, Henry, 73
Welles, Sumner, 40
Wellington, Beatrice, 22, 30, 93–94
Wells, H. G., 96
Werfel, Alma Mahler Gropius, 118–19, 133–34, 148, 153, 154–55, 162
Werfel, Franz, 118–19, 133–35, 148, 153, 154–55, 162
Wertheimer, Hans, 25–26, 27, 44
Whitaker, Jeanne, 177
White, Arthur H., 200
Williams, Clayton, 74, 113
Winant, John, 89
Winton, Nicholas, 30–31, 34, 47
Women’s International League for Peace and Freedom (WILPF), 15, 63, 88
Wyzanski, Gisela, 206
Yad Vashem, 223–24
YMCA, 47, 63, 85
Youth Aliyah, 181, 189, 193, 204, 206, 209, 210
YWCA, 47, 63, 85
Zanuck, Darryl, 207
Zionism, 203–7
Portrait of Waitstill Sharp, 1936.
Waitstill and Martha Sharp standing in the doorway of Hotel Pariz in Prague, Czechoslovakia, 1939.
A photograph from Martha Sharp’s collection showing children escaping on a Kindertransport organized by Trevor Chadwick, March 14, 1939.
American ambassador Lawrence A. Steinhardt (left) addressing audience in Prague on March 9, 1939, inaugurating the child-feeding program of American Relief for Czechoslovakia. Waitstill Sharp is third to the right of Ambassador Steinhardt.
Defying the Nazis Page 27