A Patriot's History of the United States: From Columbus's Great Discovery to the War on Terror
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32. Woodward, The Agenda, 84.
33. Robert “Buzz” Patterson, Dereliction of Duty (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2003), 5.
34. Woodward, The Agenda, 125.
35. Stephanopoulos, All Too Human, 416.
36. Murrin, et al., Liberty, Equality, and Power, 1105.
37. Brinkley, Unfinished Nation, 1019.
38. Once again, typical college textbooks seek to downplay the impact of the Contract or mischaracterize it entirely. Alan Brinkley, in The Unfinished Nation, claimed “Opinion polls suggested that few voters in 1994 were aware of the ‘Contract’ at the time they voted” (1015). Gillon and Matson, predictably, refer to the Contract as “a political wish list polished by consultants and tested in focus groups” ( American Experiment, 1276), and Goldfield’s American Journey portrayed the campaign’s success as emanating from “personal animosity” (1001). Thomas Bailey et al. characterized the Contract as an “all-out assault on budget deficits and radical reductions in welfare programs,” and succeeded because Democrats’ arguments were “drowned in the right-wing tornado that roared across the land….” ( American Pageant, 1002). Instead, at the time, many analysts on both the left and right viewed this as a watershed election about serious issues. See Michael Tomasky, “Why They Won: The Left Lost Touch,” Village Voice, November 22, 1994; Al From, “Can Clinton Recover? Or Will GOP Prevail?” USA Today, November 10, 1994; Gary C. Jacobson, “The 1994 House Elections in Perspective,” in Philip A. Klinkner, ed., The Elections of 1994 in Context (Boulder: Westview Press, 1996); and Franco Mattei, “Eight More in ’94: The Republican Takeover of the Senate,” in Philip A. Klinkner, ed., Midterm (Boulder, CO: Westview Press, 1996). Although Clinton’s approval rating in the Northeast was 51 percent—hardly stellar for a liberal—in the rest of the country it averaged 45 percent.
39. Dick Morris, Behind the Oval Office: Winning the Presidency in the Nineties (New York: Random House, 1997), 100; Elizabeth Drew, Showdown: The Struggle Between the Gingrich Congress and the Clinton White House (New York: Simon & Schuster, 1996), 63.
40. See the PBS “Scorecard” on “Contract with America” items, available online at http://www.pbs.org/newshour/bb/congress/scorecard.html.
41. Morris, Behind the Oval Office, passim.
42. See Dick J. Reavis, The Ashes of Waco: An Investigation (Syracuse, NY: Syracuse University Press, 1998); “Waco—Rules of Engagement,” Fifth Estate Productions, Director William Gazecki, 1997.
43. Ambrose Evans-Pritchard, The Secret Life of Bill Clinton: The Unreported Stories (Washington, DC: Regnery, 1997), 5.
44. Brandon Stickney, All-American Monster: The Unauthorized Biography of Timothy McVeigh (Amherst, NY: Prometheus Books, 1996).
45. Jayna Davis, The Third Terrorist: The Middle East Connection to the Oklahoma City Bombing (Nashville, TN: WND Books, 2004); Peter Lance, 1000 Years for Revenge: International Terrorism and the FBI (New York: Regan Books, 2003). Lance is unconvinced of a connection, but admits there are numerous suspicious links between McVeigh, Nichols, Ramzi Yousef, Iraq, and Al Qaeda. He relies extensively on the word of Yousef’s lawyer that there was no direct Al Qaeda support (308–18).
46. Lou Michel and Dan Herbeck, American Terrorist (New York: Regan Books, 2001).
47. Drew, Showdown, passim.
48. Evan Thomas, et al., Back from the Dead: How Clinton Survived the Republican Revolution (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 1997).
49. George Gilder, Telecosm: How Infinite Bandwidth Will Revolutionize Our World (New York: Free Press, 2000), 7.
50. Joel Kotkin and Ross C. DeVol, “Knowledge-Value Cities in the Digital Age,” Milken Institute Study, February 13, 2001, 2.
51. Ibid.
52. George Bittlingmayer and Thomas W. Hazlett, “DOS Kapital: Has Antitrust Action Against Microsoft Created Value in the Computer Industry?” Journal of Financial Economics, 55 (2000), 329–359; Donald J. Boudreaux and Burton W. Folsom, “Microsoft and Standard Oil: Radical Lessons for Antitrust Action,” The Antitrust Bulletin, Fall 1999, 555–76. Also see Bittlingmayer’s “Antitrust and Business Activity: The First Quarter Century,” Business History Review, Autumn 1996, 363–401.
53. Gary Quinlivan, “Multinational Corporations: Myths and Facts,” Religion and Liberty, November/December 2000, 8–10.
54. James Rolph Edwards, “The Myth of Corporate Domination,” Liberty, January 2001, 41–42.
55. Jeffrey A. Frankel and Peter R. Orszag, eds., American Economic Policy in the 1990s (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2002).
56. Solomon Moore, “Census’ Multiracial Option Overturns Traditional Views,” Los Angeles Times, March 5, 2001.
57. Dinesh D’Souza, The End of Racism (New York: Free Press, 1995).
58. “BATF Referrals for Prosecution Peak in 1992,” The American Guardian, January 2000, 7.
59. FBI uniform crime rate data at www.guncite.com.
60. The Pew results appear online at http://www.publicagenda.org/specials/religion/religion.htm.
61. Thomas C. Reeves, The Empty Church: The Suicide of Liberal Christianity (New York: Free Press, 1996), 51–52.
62. Gallup cited in Reeves, Empty Church, 52.
63. The Starr Report: The Official Report of the Independent Counsel’s Investigation of the President (Rocklin, CA: FORUM, 1998), n.3, 50.
64. Jones v. Clinton, 117 S. Ct. 1636, 1652 (1997).
65. Roger Morris, Partners in Power: The Clintons and Their America (New York: Regnery, 1999); Barbara Olson, Hell to Pay: The Unfolding Story of Hillary Rodham Clinton (New York: Regnery, 1999).
66. Matt Drudge, The Drudge Manifesto (New York: New American Library, 2000).
67. Steven M. Gillon, The American Paradox: A History of the United States Since 1945 (Boston: Hougton-Mifflin, 2003), 444.
68. David Schippers, Sell Out: The Inside Story of Clinton’s Impeachment (Washington: Regnery, 2000).
69. Mark Bowden, Black Hawk Down: A Story of Modern War (New York: Signet, 2000).
70. General Merrill A. McPeak, “The Kosovo Result: The Facts Speak for Themselves,” Armed Forces Journal International, September 1999, 64.
71. Khidr Hamzah and Jeff Stein, Saddam’s Bomb Maker: The Terrifying Inside Story of the Iraqi Nuclear and Biological Weapons Agenda (New York: Scribner, 2000).
72. Martin Gilbert, History of the Twentieth Century, 866.
73. “US missed three chances to seize Bin Laden,” Sunday Times (UK), January 6, 2002.
74. An extensive review of the failures of the Clinton administration to pursue bin Laden appears in Richard Minitier, Losing Bin Laden: How Bill Clinton’s Failures Unleashed Global Terror (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2003); Gerald Posner, Why America Slept: The Failure to Prevent 9/11 (New York: Random House, 2003); Bill Gertz, Breakdown: How America’s Intelligence Failures Led to September 11 (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2002).
Chapter 22. America, World Leader, 2000 and Beyond
1. Tom Brokaw, The Greatest Generation (New York: Random House, 1998).
2. Department of Commerce report in August 2002, discussed in Robert Novak, “Clinton-Cooked Books?” www.cnn.com/insidepolitics, August 9, 2002.
3. Bob Woodward, The Agenda: Inside the Clinton White House (New York: Pocket Books, 1995).
4. J. H. Hatfield and Mark Crispin Miller, Fortunate Son: George W. Bush and the Making of an American President (New York: St. Martin’s, 1999); George W. Bush and Karen Hughes, A Charge to Keep (New York: William Morrow and Co., 1999); Bill Minutaglio, First Son: George W. Bush and the Bush Family Dynasty (New York: Times, 1999); Frank Bruni, Ambling into History: The Unlikely Odyssey of George W. Bush (New York: HarperCollins, 2002). On the first two and a half years of the Bush presidency, see David Frum, The Right Man (New York: Random House, 2003).
5. “Five Weeks of History,” USA Today, December 14, 2000.
6. Bill Sammon, At Any Cost: How Al Gore Tried to Steal the Election (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2001), 78.
7. Howard Kurtz, “Feeding the Media Beas
t: Leaks, Rats, and Black Berrys,” Washington Post, December 17, 2000; George Bennett, “LePore: Ballot ‘Probably Not the Wisest Thing,’” Palm Beach Post, December 16, 2000.
8. James V. Grimaldi and Soberto Suro, “Risky Bush Strategy Paid Off,” Washington Post, December 17, 2000.
9. Sammon, At Any Cost, 181–200.
10. Grimaldi and Suro, “Risky Bush Strategy Paid Off.”
11. USA Today, “Five Weeks of History.”
12. “Florida Voter Errors Cost Gore the Election,” USA Today, May 11–13, 2001.
13. Maureen Dowd, “Hillary’s Stocking Stuffer,” New York Times, February 21, 2001.
14. Barbara Olson, The Final Days (Washington, DC: Regnery Publishing, 2001).
15. See George Lardner Jr., “Clinton Shipped Furniture a Year Ago,” Washington Post, February 10, 2001; “Hey, Wait a Minute,” The Hotline (Washington), February 12, 2001.
16. John McLaughlin, John McLaughlin’s One on One, January 26, 2001.
17. Olson, Final Days, chap. 10 details the Rich saga.
18. Dan Balz and Bob Woodward, “America’s Chaotic Road to War,” www.washingtonpost.com, January 27, 2002.
19. Alan Levin, Marilyn Adams, and Blake Morrison, “Amid Terror, a Drastic Decision: Clear the Skies,” USA Today, August 12, 2002.
20. Interview with Charles Calomiris, September 18, 2001.
21. Balz and Woodward, “America’s Chaotic Road to War.”
22. Ibid.
23. Ibid.
24. Ibid.
25. Owen Moritz, “Chilling Tapes of Bravest in WTC,” New York Daily News, November 16, 2002.
26. Bill Sammon, Fighting Back (Washington, DC: Regnery, 2002), 106.
27. Benjamin Kline, “No One Could Have Planned for This,” Dayton Daily News, September 12, 2000.
28. Lisa Beamer, Let’s Roll! Ordinary People, Extraordinary Courage (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House, 2002).
29. Quoted in Nancy Gibbs, “Special Report: The Day of the Attack,” Time, September 12, 2001, located at http://www.time.com/time/world/article/0,8599,174655–1,00.html.
30. Balz and Woodward, “America’s Chaotic Road to War.”
31. Quoted in Sammon, Fighting Back, 131.
32. Posner, Why America Slept, 30; Minitier, Losing bin Laden, 6–15.
33. Sammon, Fighting Back, 138.
34. Glenn Kessler, “Riding to the Economy’s Rescue,” Washington Post, September 25, 2001.
35. Peter Navarro and Aron Spencer, “September 11, 2001: Assessing the Costs of Terrorism,” Milken Institute Review, Fourth Quarter, 2001, 17–31; Steven Brill, After (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2003).
36. Sammon, Fighting Back, 163–65. See also Larry Schweikart, “The Weight of the World and the Responsibility of a Generation,” http://ashbrook.org/publicat/guest/01/schweikart/ weightofworld.html.
37. Ibid., 189.
38. Bob Woodward and Dan Balz, “Combating Terrorism: It Starts Today,” Washington Post, February 1, 2002.
39. Ibid.
40. Ben Fenton, “1,300 Enemy Men Killed by Handful of Green Berets,” London (UK) Telegraph, January 9, 2002.
41. Sammon, Fighting Back, 263.
42. Ibid., 262.
43. Fareed Zakaria, “Face the Facts: Bombing Works,” Newsweek, November 26, 2001, online edition quoted, http://www.msnbc.com/news/662668. asp.
44. Sammon, Fighting Back, 308.
45. Ibid., 274.
46. Martin, “9/11 Bombshell: New Evidence of Iraq-Al Qaeda Ties?”
47. Howard Fineman, “How Bush Did It,” www.msnbc.com/news/832464.asp.
48. James Carney and John F. Dickerson, “W. and the ‘Boy Genius,’” Time magazine, online edition, www. time.com/time/nation/article/0,8599,388904,00html.
49. David S. Broder, “Radical Conservatism,” Washington Post, September 25, 2002.
50. Evan Thomas and Martha Brant, “The Secret War,” Newsweek, April 14, 2003, at http://www. msnbc.com/news/899657.asp?0sl=-32.
51. Chris Matthews, writing in the San Francisco Chronicle, said the “invasion of Iraq…will join the Bay of Pigs, Vietnam…and Somalia in the history of military catastrophe.” (“To Iraq and Ruin,” August 25, 2002). R. W. Apple of the New York Times, even as American forces were annihilating enemy resistance, warned, “With every passing day, it is more evident that the allies made two gross military misjudgments in concluding that coalition forces could safely bypass Basra and Nasiriya.” (“Bush Peril: Shifting Sand and Fickle Opinion,” March 30, 2003). Former CNN correspondent Peter Arnett, in a widely publicized interview on Iraqi TV the same day said, “The first war plan has failed because of Iraqi resistance”—this about a war plan that had moved farther, faster, and more decisively (with fewer casualties) than any military campaign in human history. Maureen Dowd complained that the ground troops were left “exposed and insufficiently briefed on the fedayeen [Saddam’s suicide squads].” (“Back Off, Syria and Iran,” New York Times, March 30, 2003). Barry McCaffrey, a retired general, was one of many former military types whose assessment of the operations was completely adrift from reality. Said McCaffrey on the BBC, the United States “could take, bluntly, a couple to 3,000 casualties” (Reuters, March 24, 2003). As of 2004, with coalition forces still supporting the Iraqi interim government, U.S. deaths in the campaign surpassed 1,000—a fraction of what it cost to take a single small island called Iwo Jima from Japan in World War II. For a summary of these and other egregiously wrong predictions, see “Hall of Shame,” National Review Online, April 10, 2003.
52. David Zucchino, Thunder Run: The Armored Strike to Capture Baghdad (New York: Atlantic Monthly Press, 2004); Colonel Gregory Fontenot, et al., On Point: The United States Army in Operation Iraqi Freedom (Fort Leavenworth, KA: Combat Studies Institute Press, 2003); Bing West and Ray L. Smith, The March Up: Taking Baghdad with the 1st Marine Division (New York: Bantam Books, 2003); Williamson Murray and Robert H. Scales Jr., The Iraq War: A Military History (Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2003); Rick Atkinson, In the Company of Soldiers: A Chronicle of Combat (New York: Henry Holt, 2004); Karl Zinsmeister, Boots on the Ground: A Month with the 82nd Airborne in the Battle for Iraq (New York: Truman Talley Books, 2003).
SELECTED READING
Below is only a partial listing of the sources cited most often in the endnotes.
Andrew, Christopher M. and Vasili Mitrokhin. The Sword and the Shield: Mitrokhin Archive and the Secret History of the KGB. New York: Basic Books, 1999.
Atack, Jeremy and Peter Passell. A New Economic View of American History, 2nd ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1994.
Bailey, Thomas A. et al. The American Pageant, vol. 2, 11th ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998).
Beliles, Mark A. and Stephen K. McDowell. America’s Providential History. Charlottesville, VA: Providence Foundation, 1991.
Berkin, Carol et al. Making America: A History of the United States, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1999.
Boyer, Paul S. et al. The Enduring Vision: A History of the American People. Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath, 1993.
Brinkley, Alan. American History: A Survey, 9th ed., 2 vols. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1999.———. The Unfinished Nation: A Concise History of the American People, 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2000.
Burner, David, Robert Marcus, and Emily S. Rosenberg. An American Portrait, 2nd ed., 2 vols. New York: Charles Scribner’s, 1985.
Davidson, James West et al. Nation of Nations: A Narrative History of the American Republic, 2 vols., 3rd ed. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 2001.
Davis, Paul K. 100 Decisive Battles: From Ancient Times to the Present. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1999.
Derks, Scott. Working Americans, 1880–1999: Volume I: The Working Class. Lakeville, CT: Grey House Publishers, 2000.
Divine, Robert A. et al. America, Past and Present, 5th ed. New York: Longman, 1999.
Faragher, John Mack et al. Out of Many: A History of the American People, combined ed., 3rd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 2000.
Gillon, Steven M. and Cathy D. Matson. The American Experiment: A History of the United States. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2002.
Goldfield, David et al. The American Journey: A History of the United States, combined ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1998.
Hanson, Victor Davis. Carnage and Culture: Landmark Battles in the Rise of Western Civilization. New York: Doubleday, 2001.