Burma cultivated 29 percent more opium in 2007: UNODC 2, p. 7.
Plus tons of amphetamine pills: UNODC 3, pp. 120-121.
“Ice Triangle”: Wyler, p. 9.
Plus lots of the raw material for ecstasy: UNODC 1. The chemical is called safrole.
“‘failed demonstrably’ to meet its international counternarcotics obligations”: US Department of State 10.
Seven major and a dozen subnationalities: Smith.
“so corrupt it turns my stomach”: McCoy, p. 412.
“a well-founded fear of being persecuted”: From the 1951 UN Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees. UNHCR 7, p. 16.
Thailand one of seven worst countries in which to be a refugee: US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 3, p. 5.
The story of the creation of the Karen and Europeans is recounted in Hinton, pp. 42-43.
Burmese watching election, waiting for invasion: Wai Moe 2.
President Obama’s inauguration speech censored: Min Lwin 5.
Sifting tea leaves for signs of change: Kyaw Zwa Moe.
Burmese not warned that Cyclone Nargis was coming: Mungpi 1; Jagan.
Nargis killed 140,000: UNISDR.
“You’re coming to save us, aren’t you?”: The New York Times 2.
XIII.
The story of Toh Meh Pah: Falla, pp. 11-14.
Dave’s dog proverb and Mordor metaphor: Rogers, pp. 196 and 181-182, respectively.
Only a few hours of electricity in Rangoon a day: Saw Yan Naing 12.
Some cities buy private, overpriced electricity: Aung Hla Tun 1.
Climate-controlled penguin habitat: The New York Times 1 and 2; Beaton.
Burma ratified Forced Labour Convention in ’55/ILO told Burma to quit forced labor in ’64: International Labour Organization 1.
Extended supplementary agreement in 2009: International Labour Organization 2.
Internal ILO paper reported concerns: International Labour Organization 3.
Details of the ILO’s dealings with Burma were also confirmed by Steve Marshall.
Junta says forced labor is voluntary labor: Burma Issues 2, p. 18.
Two people arrested for having videotaped forced labor: Committee to Protect Journalists 1.
Collection of government orders for forced labor: KHRG 3.
Getting work permits costly, complicated: US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 2.
Details about the Shoklo Malaria Research Unit’s work: Nosten. A lot of the information can be found also on SMRU’s website, shoklo-unit.com.
Details about Dr. Cynthia: Cynthia Maung; Mae Tao Clinic; Wells. You can read an extensive interview with her in Thornton, beginning on p. 82.
$4 Burmese abortions: Kyi Wai 2.
XIV.
Camp teachers repatriating: UK Department for International Development, p. 12.
Process, details of getting Ta Mla to the United States: Morrissey; Price.
Up to 15 percent of camp residents have TB: Morrissey.
Principles of the Asylum Officer Basic Training Course: Immigration Officer Academy.
Refugee officer training based on Asylum Officer Basic Training course: US Department of State 9, Appendix F.
Book about culture in the United States: International Organization for Migration 1.
Video about culture in the United States: Welcome to the United States: Refugee Guide to Resettlement, Orientation Video, English Version.
Time between resettlement approval and departure: UNHCR 4; Price.
Stateside assistance to refugees after their arrival: Wills.
XV.
50,000 refugees in Mae La in 2006: TBBC 4.
Mae La encompasses one and a half square miles: TBBC 8.
Burmese government doesn’t allow minority language instruction in schools: Wai Moe 8.
Six people in most refugee huts: ZOA Refugee Care Thailand 1, p. 48.
Karen refugee camps don’t meet UNHCR’s minimum space standards: UK Department for International Development, p. 10.
24 primary and secondary schools in Mae La: ZOA Refugee Care Thailand 1, p. 70.
AMI has 250 workers in Mae La: CCSDPT 4, p. iii.
Nine NGOs handle health and sanitation: CCSDPT 5.
Refugee camp health care costs $6 million/refugee camp all care costs $66 million: CCSDPT 3, p. 18.
United States pays 27 percent: CCSDPT 3, p. 19.
Camps breeding drug abuse/mental illness/violence/crime: UK Department for International Development, p. 11.
DARE’s camp programs: CCSDPT 4, p. xiv.
KNU and Thai guards dispensing very questionable camp justice: US Committee for Refugees and Immigrants 2.
KNU claims it doesn’t recruit children anymore: The organization signed a deed of commitment to quit using kids in 2007. United Nations 12, p. 33.
Report of child forced into KNU soldiering: United Nations 12, p. 16.
Burma army had 70,000 child soldiers in 2002: Human Rights Watch 2, p. 187.
Bat shit, charcoal, and sulfur ammunition: Falla, p. 113.
Luther and Johnny Htoo and God’s Army/Soldiers of the Holy Mountain details: Eubank; Human Rights Watch 2, p. 157; Rogers, pp. 112-114.
“the three kinds of wives that may be put away”/the six kinds of blemishes of a woman: Nisbet, p. 454.
“may be corrected by beating or abusing them within the hearing of the public”: Nisbet, p. 456.
“The eight kinds of husbands whom the wife has the right to abuse”: Nisbet, p. 455.
4 percent of societies studied didn’t kiss: 8 of the 190 cultures in Clellan and Beach, p. 49.
“Look at these people!”: Junod, p. 353.
Frenching habits of Kinsey’s premarital-sex-having surveyees: Kinsey, p. 252.
Foreplay of the Tinguian: Clellan and Beach, p. 49.
Frenching a “ritualized feeding gesture”: Eibl-Eibesfeldt, p. 135.
Karen animism practices: Falla, beginning p. 91; Harvey.
EPILOGUE.
5,000 Burmese resettled through Thailand in 2006: International Organization for Migration 2.
3 percent of the refugees at the time: TBBC 5.
Double the number the year before/tripled in 2007: International Organization for Migration 2.
Condoleezza Rice signed Tham Hin material-support waiver: US Department of State 6.
Update on the Sri Lankan fisherman: Schulman.
Rice extended waiver to more Karen camps: US Department of State 7.
Waiver extended to all Karen: US Department of Homeland Security.
KNU no longer terrorist organization: US Department of Homeland Security, US Citizenship and Immigration Services 2.
More than 50,000 Burmese resettled through Thailand/UN’s largest resettlement program: UNHCR 10.
Nearly 15,000 went to US in 2008: International Organization for Migration 2.
Quotes from the cultural orientation book: International Organization for Migration 1.
China and EU failed to reach consensus on Burma: Arkar Moe 2.
North Korean ship on supposed weapons-delivering mission to Burma: Sang-hun.
North Korea helped junta build tunnels: Lintner 6.
BURMA, NORTH KOREA IN AN UNHOLY MILITARY ALLIANCE: Aung Zaw 2.
IS BURMA THE NEXT IRAN?: Bremmer.
IS MYANMAR GOING NUCLEAR WITH NORTH KOREA’S HELP?: Gray.
IS THERE A BURMA-NORTH KOREA-IRAN NUCLEAR CONSPIRACY?: Selth 1.
Clinton’s “growing concerns”: Sullivan.
Politicians want Burma out of ASEAN: The Irrawaddy 9.
Burma wants politicians to “refrain from interfering in internal affairs”: Joshi.
“Barack Obama and Joe Biden will press China”: Obama/Biden.
US and China can “agree to disagree”: See Sisk for one of many reports of this comment.
Obama extended sanctions: Corporate Estimated Tax Shift Act of 2009.
Burma put on genocide watch list: Albright and Cohen, p. 36.
ICC issued arrest warrant for Sudanese president: International Criminal Court.
East Timor president called for ICC charges against Than Shwe: Arkar Moe 1.
Than Shwe’s building a big new airport: Boot 2.
“The spirit in the camps”: Falla, p. 195.
300 resettlers leaving Thailand a week: As of January 2009. International Organization for Migration 2.
Rations reduced/no more soap: Andrews 3; Jhowry.
No more money for camp ex-Empire soldiers: Andrew 3; Davis.
DKBA and cross-border trade: Saw Yan Naing 11.
Thailand told KNU to get out: The Irrawaddy 7.
Executive director of Human Rights Watch’s Asia Division summed up general expectations for the 2010 election when he said, “There is no reason to believe or even hope that the vote in 2010 will be free and fair. The point of the election is to put a civilian face on a military regime by handpicking the winners.” See The Irrawaddy 4.
13 years to write the constitution: Thant Myint-U has a good rundown of the history of the constitution, pp. 337-339.
92 percent yeas: Human Rights Watch 4; International Center for Transitional Justice, p. 3.
Military has total immunity: International Center for Transitional Justice.
“Roadmap” to democracy: Arnott 2.
For a great documentary about the Burmese who videotaped the Saffron Revolution, including footage of the Japanese journalist being shot point-blank and the floating dead body of a monk, see Burma VJ.
Couple dozen Burmese killed: Human Rights Documentation Unit, NCGUB, pp. 573-590.
Internet shut down: OpenNet Initiative 2.
Cell phone prices more than four times GNI: Min Lwin 1 (cell phone prices); UNICEF, p. 119 (GNI).
Government surveillance of text messaging: Min Lwin 1.
Lots of NLD jailed or exiled or dead: Ludu Sein Win. As of June 2006, according to this former political prisoner’s report, of those elected to parliament, “105 have been jailed, 79 have been forced into silence, 73 have died and 54 have gone into exile.”
Dr. Cynthia thinks involvement and politics and starving families often don’t mix: Thornton, p. 89.
Political-prisoner population doubled: Lawi Weng 8; AAPP (Burma) 3.
Monks sentenced to prison: Macan-Marker 1.
Dissenter sentenced to 104 years: AAPP (Burma) 1.
Junta export of rice amid famine: Min Lwin 6.
Junta imprisonment of aid volunteers: AAPP (Burma) 2.
DKBA’s conscripting border guards: Saw Yan Naing 7.
Conscripting militiamen in general: Cho.
DKBA has 6,000 troops: Wai Moe 7.
“If I didn’t go to the DKBA”: Ellgee.
DKBA cease-fire “beneficial”: Saw Yan Naing 5.
DKBA’s business interests: Saw Yan Naing 9; Maung Aung Myoe.
KNU has 4,000 troops: Eubank.
Some minorities in cease-fire areas still screwed: Min Lwin 10; Wai Moe 4.
Cease-fire talks between KNU and SPDC: Discussion of some in Saw Yan Naing 5; Thant Myint-U, p. 331; Bangkok Post 3.
KNU storming brigade during cease-fire talks: International Institute for Strategic Studies.
“out of the question”: Bangkok Post 3.
2009 SPDC talk of KNU cease-fire ➔ massive attack: Saw Yan Naing 6.
Captured KNU bases: The Irrawaddy 10; Maung Aung Myoe.
Shelled IDPs/another refugee flood: Sai Soe Win Latt.
Assassinations/Mae La is next: Saw Yan Naing 10.
Significant groups broken away from KNU: There’s a good, fast breakdown of some of the splits in Saw Yan Naing 5; see another in Wai Moe 6.
Bombs in Rangoon: Aung Hla Tun 2; Embassy of the United States of America, Rangoon, Burma; The Irrawaddy 3.
Mon don’t want to be in junta border guard: Lawi Weng 6.
Mon “will do something”: Lawi Weng 3.
Kachin army recruiting: Min Lwin 11.
20,000 Wa: Kramer.
Wa getting ready for war: Saw Yan Naing 8.
Kokangs broke long-standing cease-fire: Wai Moe 9.
“Nobody is winning, and nobody will win”: Quoted in Thomson.
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For Us Surrender Is Out of the Question Page 35