It soon transpired that Hollis had performed a similar service for New Zealand when that country set up a security organisation in 1957. Of the original nineteen officers in the New Zealand secret intelligence service, seven were said to have been recommended by Hollis and were British.
The revelation that the Australian-born British secret service officer Charles ‘Dick’ Ellis had confessed to spying for Germany and was believed to have been recruited by the KGB also caused a furore in Australia, but, sadly, the arrows were directed there at the wrong target. As readers of this book can see, I reported that Ellis, after apparently taking fright in Britain in 1953, returned to Australia and secured employment with the Australian secret intelligence service (ASIS). Due to misreporting, the widely read newspaper The Australian stated that he had joined ASIO. Understandably, Sir Charles Spry, the retired director of ASIO, denied ever having recruited Ellis without, of course, adding that he had been recruited by ASIS. Eventually, I induced The Australian to print the true facts, and I put them on political record by informing the Prime Minister, Mr Malcom Fraser. By that time, however, many people had been misled about Ellis, which only added to the controversy.
Further public argument ensued over my claim that the KGB had almost certainly been forewarned of the defection of Vladimir Petrov from the Soviet embassy in Canberra and had missed detaining him by only a few hours. Some retired security officers hotly denied that there had been any leak to the KGB, but a former Prime Minister of Australia, Sir William McMahon, settled the issue by informing Parliament that the Russians had indeed been ‘tipped off’ about the defection. When asked if Hollis could have been the source, Sir William replied that it was possible but that he did not know. As this book indicates, the tip could have come from Philby via Ellis, who had been told of the impending defection in good faith by Sir Charles Spry.
While this book has brought me hostile criticism, particularly for making disclosures likely to bring the British security and intelligence services into disrepute both at home and abroad, I remain unrepentant. Those foreign services close to the British, like the CIA, the FBI, and the Canadian and Australian counterparts, have known about most of the matters exposed here. So, obviously, have the KGB and the GRU. It is only the public from whom the facts have been withheld, and I decline to accept the official line that skeletons that might ‘frighten the children’ should be left in cupboards.
What really matters, from all western points of view, is that the lessons learned from the calamities of the past should be fully applied to the present. I am confident that MI5 and the secret service are currently clean at the top and in good hands. I expect the inquiry by the Security Commission to endorse that belief when it duly reports, though with such a resourceful and relentless adversary there will never be grounds for complacency.
The Security Commission is also likely to confirm that physical security, particularly relating to the control of documents, has been tightened to the limits of practical stringency. A recent expression of this improvement was the behaviour of secret service officials following the untimely death of their old chief, Sir Maurice Oldfield. They went into his hospital bedroom and his flat, removing every scrap of paper that might be of interest to prying eyes.
The book has also brought me quite a few compliments and one, in particular, that I cherish. During my inquiries, I was able to confirm that both MI5 and the secret service have recruited journalists to their paid service over the years. I do not blame the secret agencies for doing this: foreign correspondents, in particular, are well placed to secure information and perform other intelligence services. But I do think that the journalists place themselves in an invidious position, which must limit their professional scope, when they accept money.
During my long journalistic career, I performed several important services for MI5 and the Defence Ministry, as I confessed in my book Inside Story, though never for money, and none was ever offered. I therefore took the opportunity of asking a former MI5 officer why his organisation had never tried to recruit me to the payroll. ‘We thought about it, but decided that we would be unable to control you,’ he replied. That was a compliment indeed.
INDEX
Abel, Rudolph 1
Abwehr 1, 2, 3, 4
Acton, Harold 1
Adeane, Sir Michael 1, 2, 3, 4
Aeroflot 1, 2
Afghanistan 1, 2
Aitken, Jonathan 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Andrew, Christopher 1
Angleton, James 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Gaitskell 1
and Hollis 1
and moles 1, 2
and Penkovsky 1
Anglo–German Fellowship 1
Arago affair 1
Armstrong, Sir Robert 1, 2
assassinations 1, 2
Atomic Energy Commission 1, 2, 3, 4
Atomic Weapons Research establishment 1, 2, 3, 4
atomic weapons see nuclear weapons
Attlee, Clement 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
August, Frantisek 1, 2
Australia 1, 2, 3 and Ellis 1, 2, 3
Ball, Sir Joseph 1
Barnett, David 1, 2
Beirut 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Benes, Eduard 1
Bennett, Jim 1
Bentley, Elizabeth 1
Best, Capt. S. Payne 1
Beurton, Ursula 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Bevan, Aneurin 1
Bezun, Vladimir 1
blackmail 1, 2, 3, 4
Blake, George 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Blenheim Palace 1, 2, 3, 4
Bletchley Park 1, 2
Blunt, Anthony 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and Burgess 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Cairncross 1
and Driberg 1, 2, 3
and exposure 1, 2
and Fifth Man 1, 2, 3
and immunity 1
and interrogation 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
and ‘Klatt’ affair 1
and knighthood 1
and Maclean 1, 2, 3, 4
and MI5 1
and Mitchell 1
and Modin 1
and names 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and Philby 1, 2, 3
and royal post 1
and Straight 1, 2
Bosnyak, Zak 1
Bossard, Frank 1
Boyle, Andrew 1
Brandt, Willi 1, 2, 3
Brewer, Len 1
Brimelow, Sir Tom 1
British Communist Party 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Labour Party 1
and trade unions 1, 2, 3
British embassy (Moscow) 1
Brook, Sir Norman 1
Brooke, Henry 1, 2, 3
Brown, George 1
Brown’s Hotel 1
Bruce, David 1
Bulganin, Nikolai 1, 2
Burgess, Guy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Blunt 1, 2, 3, 4
and Cairncross 1, 2, 3
and Driberg 1, 2, 3
and Hollis 1, 2
and MI5 1
and Mitchell 1
and Modin 1
and Philby 1, 2
and press conferences 1
and Straight 1, 2
cable reading 1
Caccia, Sir Harold 1
Cairncross, John 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Callaghan, James 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Blunt 1, 2
and MI5 1
and Russia 1
Canada 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Canaris, Adm. Wilhelm 1
Carrington, Peter, Lord 1
Carter, Jimmy 1
Carver, George 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Castro, Fidel 1
Chamberlain, Neville 1
Chiang Kai-shek 1
Chifley, Ben 1, 2
China 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Chisholm, Rory 1, 2
Churchill, Winston 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
CIA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Goleniewski 1
and Golitsin 1
and Hollis 1, 2, 3
and inquiry 1, 2, 3, 4
and Maclean 1, 2, 3
; and Mitchell 1
and Penkovsky 1, 2
and Philby 1, 2, 3, 4
and recruitment 1
Clarke, Sir Richard ‘Otto’ 1
Cliveden 1, 2
Cockburn, Claud 1, 2
codenames 1
Cohen, Sir Andrew 1, 2
Colby, William 1
Colchester, Rev. Halsey 1
Comintern 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Committee of Five 1
communism 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Blunt 1, 2
see also British Communist Party
Communist Party see British Communist Party
Coote, Colin 1, 2
Costello, Paddy 1, 2
Courtauld Institute of Art 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Courtney, Anthony 1
Crabb, Commander 1, 2, 3
Creighton, Gordon W. 1
Cripps, Sir Stafford 1
Crossman, Richard 1
cryptography 1, 2
Cuba 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Cunningham, Sir Charles 1
Czechoslovakia 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
D-Notices 1, 2, 3, 4
Day, John 1
De Gaulle, Charles 1
de Mowbray, Stephen 1, 2, 3
dead-letter boxes 1, 2
defence attachés 1
Dejean, Maurice 1
Denning, Alfred, Lord 1, 2, 3 and Profumo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Deutsch, Arnold 1
‘Diamond’ 1, 2, 3
Dilhorne, Reginald Manningham Buller, Lord 1, 2, 3
Diplock, Kenneth, Lord 1
diplomats 1, 2
Dobb, Maurice 1, 2
Douglas-Home, Sir Alec 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Driberg, Tom 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and Burgess 1, 2
and Foot 1, 2
Dulles, Allen 1
Eden, Sir Anthony 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Edinburgh, HMS 1
Edwards, Beryl 1, 2
Egypt 1
Eisenhower, Dwight D. 1, 2
Elizabeth II, Queen 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
‘Elli’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Elliott, Nicholas 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Ellis, Charles Howard ‘Dick’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Falkender, Marcia, Lady 1, 2, 3
FBI 1, 2, 3 and Blunt 1
and Hollis 1, 2
and Maclean 1, 2
and Mitchell 1
and Philby 1, 2, 3
and Pontecorvo 1
Fifth Man 1, 2
Floud, Bernard 1, 2, 3
Fluency Committee 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Hollis 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Foot, Michael 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Foote, Alexander 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Foreign Office 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Burgess 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
and Cairncross 1, 2, 3
and inquiry 1
and KGB 1
and Maclean 1, 2, 3
and Profumo 1, 2
and Russia 1, 2, 3, 4
Franks Committee 1, 2
Fraser, Malcolm 1
Frolik, Josef 1, 2, 3, 4
Fuchs, Klaus 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Furnival Jones, Martin 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Fifth Man 1
and Gaitskell 1
and Hollis 1
and Lyalin 1
and MPs 1, 2
Furse, Aileen 1, 2
Gaddafi, Muanmmar 1
Gaitskell, Hugh 1, 2, 3, 4
Gardner, Meredith 1
GCHQ 1, 2, 3, 4
Gee, Ethel 1, 2
George VI, King 1
George-Brown, Lord 1, 2, 3
Germany 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Gibson, Harold ‘Gibby’ 1
Gold, Harry 1, 2
Goleniewski, Michal 1, 2, 3, 4
Golitsin, Anatoli 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and CIA 1, 2
and Crabb 1, 2
and Gaitskell 1
and Petrov 1
and Popov 1, 2
and Vassall 1, 2, 3
Gorski, Anatoli ‘Henry’ 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Gouzenko, Igor 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Canada 1, 2, 3, 4
and Hollis 1
Green, Michael 1
Greenglass, David 1
Gribanov, Gen. Oleg 1, 2, 3, 4
Gromyko, Andrei 1, 2
GRU (Soviet military intelligence) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
Guillaume, Guenther 1, 2
Gusev, Feodor 1
Hammond, Edith ‘Val’ 1
Hanley, Sir Michael 1, 2, 3
Harlech, David Ormsby-Gore, Lord 1
‘Harriet’ 1
Harris, Tomas 1, 2, 3, 4
Harrison, Sir Geoffrey 1
Havers, Sir Michael 1
Heath, Edward 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and MI5 1, 2
‘Henry’ see Gorski, Anatoli ‘Henry’
Heydrich, Reinhard 1
Hill, Bernard 1
Himmler, Heinrich 1, 2, 3
Hitler, Adolf 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and Ribbentrop 1, 2, 3, 4
Hobson, Sir John 1, 2
Hollis, Christopher 1
Hollis, Mark 1, 2
Hollis, Sir Roger 1, 2, 3, 4 and Australia 1
and Beurton 1
and Blunt 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and Burgess 1
and China 1
and communism 1
and Crabb 1
and Fifth Man 1
and Gouzenko 1, 2
and interrogation 1
and leaks 1
and Maclean 1, 2
and MI5 1, 2
and Mitchell 1, 2, 3, 4
and Philby 1, 2, 3
and Profumo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and retirement 1, 2
and suspicion 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
and Trend Report 1, 2
Home Office 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
homosexuals 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and Vassall 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Hong Kong 1
Hoover, J. Edgar 1, 2, 3, 4
Hopkins, Harry 1
Houghton, Harry 1, 2, 3
Howard, Leslie 1
Hunt, Sir John 1, 2, 3, 4
Idris, King of Libya 1
illegality 1, 2
inquiry 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
International Documentary Centre (Interdoc) 1
Inverchapel, Archibald Clerk Kerr, Lord 1
IRA 1, 2, 3
Iran 1
Israel 1
Ivanov, Capt. Eugene 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11
Japan 1, 2
Johnson, Sgt. Robert Lee 1
Kagan, Joseph, Lord 1
Kampiles, William 1
Karpekov, Nicolai 1, 2
Katz, Otto 1
Keeler, Christine 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
Kell, Maj. Gen. Sir Vernon 1, 2
Kennedy, John F. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Kennedy, Robert 1, 2
Kerby, Henry 1
Kerensky, Alexander 1
Kessler, Eric 1
KGB 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and Australia 1, 2, 3, 4
and blackmail 1
and Blunt 1, 2, 3
and Britain 1
and Burgess 1, 2, 3
and Canada 1
and defectors 1, 2
and diplomats 1, 2, 3
and disinformation 1, 2, 3
and Driberg 1, 2, 3, 4
and embassies 1, 2
and Fuchs 1, 2
and Gaitskell 1, 2
and Goleniewski 1, 2
and Golitsin 1
and Maclean 1, 2, 3
and MI5 1
and MPs 1
and NATO 1
and Navy spy ring 1
and Penkovsky 1, 2, 3
and Philby 1, 2
and Profumo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
and recruitment 1, 2, 3
and sabotage 1
and trade unions 1
and USA 1
and Vassall 1, 2
Khrushchev, Nikita 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
King, Mackenzie 1, 2
‘Klatt’ affair 1, 2, 3
Knight, Maxwell 1, 2, 3
Kondrashev, Sergei 1, 2
Korovin, Nicolai 1
Kremer, Simon 1
Krivitsky, Walter 1, 2, 3
Kroger, Helen 1, 2, 3, 4
Kroger, Peter 1, 2, 3, 4
Krotkov, Yuri 1, 2
Krotov, Boris 1
Kuczynski, Rene 1
Labour Party 1
Lecky, Terence 1
Lessiovsky, Viktor 1
letter opening 1, 2
Libya 1
Liddell, Guy 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7
Linney, Brian 1
Lohan, Col. Sammy 1
Lonsdale, Gordon 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
Louis, Victor 1
Lucy Ring 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lyalin, Oleg 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6
Lyall, Archie 1
Lygo, Adm. Sir Ray 1
McCone, John 1, 2, 3
McDermott, Geoffrey 1
Maclean, Donald 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and Blunt 1
and damage 1
and defection 1, 2
and exposure 1
and Hollis 1, 2
and Modin 1
and Philby 1, 2, 3, 4
and press conferences 1, 2
and USA 1
Maclean, Melinda 1, 2
McMahon, Sir William 1, 2
Macmillan, Harold 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and Blake 1, 2
and Driberg 1
and Mitchell 1, 2, 3
and Philby 1
and Profumo 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10
and Vassall 1
Maly, Theodore 1
Mann, Dr Basil 1, 2
Mark, Sir Robert 1
Marshall, William 1
Martin, Arthur 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and Blunt 1, 2, 3
and Cairncross 1
and Hollis 1, 2, 3, 4
Their Trade Is Treachery_the Full Unexpurgated Truth About the Russian Penetration of the World's Secret Defences Page 36