Jonathan Swift: His Life and His World
Page 62
52. Swift’s wine bottles: The Correspondence of Jonathan Swift, ed. F. Elrington Ball (London: Bell, 1910), vol. 6.
53. Swift’s rushlight: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
54. The Alexander McGee memorial: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
55. Dr. Patrick Delany: Dr. Patrick Delany, Dean of Down, enamel on copper by Rupert Barber, c. 1740, courtesy of National Gallery of Ireland.
56. Dr. Thomas Sheridan: MS Hyde 76 2.4.258.1, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
57. Sir Robert Walpole: engraving after Jonathan Richardson, from an extra-illustrated copy of James Boswell, Life of Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill, MS Hyde 76, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
58. Swift on horseback: [Thomas Burnet?], Essays Divine, Moral, and Political (1714), *EC7 Sw551 H714b, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
59. Map showing Naboth’s Vineyard (detail): John Rocque, Exact Survey of the City and Suburbs of Dublin (1756), courtesy of Harvard University Map Collection.
60. Mullagh Lake, Quilca: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
61. Stella’s pickaxe: illustration by Thomas Morten in Gulliver’s Travels, ed. John Francis Waller (London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1865), Depository Lowell 1816.7.3, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
62. Stella’s cottage: William Howitt, Homes and Haunts of the Most Eminent British Poets (London: Routledge, 1894).
63. The remains of Stella’s cottage: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
64. Stella’s ghost imagined by a Victorian artist: illustration by Thomas Morten in Gulliver’s Travels, ed. John Francis Waller (London: Cassell, Petter and Galpin, 1865).
65. Celbridge: Mrs. M. O. W. Oliphant, Historical Characters of the Reign of Queen Anne (New York: Century, 1894).
66. Letter from Vanessa to Swift: ©The British Library Board, MS. Add 39839, f. 42–73, P. 60/341.
67. Archbishop William King: mezzotint by Charles Jervas, courtesy of National Gallery of Ireland.
68. Lord Carteret: engraving by Thomas Major, after Dominicus van der Smissen, from an extra-illustrated copy of The Letters of Samuel Johnson, MS Hyde 77, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
69. Dean Swift: Swift’s Works (Dublin: Faulkner, 1735), vol. 1, frontispiece, *EC7 Sw551 B735w, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
70. Captain Gulliver: Swift’s Works (Dublin: Faulkner, 1735), vol. 3, frontispiece, *EC7 Sw551 B735w, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
71. Gulliver tied down: Voyages du Capitaine Lemuel Gulliver (La Haye: P. Gosse and J. Neaulme, 1727), vol. I, facing p. 8, *EC7 Sw551G Eh727vb v.1/2, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
72. Lilliput on the map: Gulliver’s Travels (London: Motte, 1726), *EC7.Sw551G.1726b, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
73. Gulliver fighting the rat: Gulliver’s Travels, ed. Padraic Colum, illus. Willy Pogany (London: Harrap, 1919).
74. A louse as it appeared to Gulliver: Robert Hooke, Micrographia (1665), *90W–122F, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
75. Glumdalclitch: Gulliver’s Travels, illus. Arthur Rackham (London: Dent, 1906).
76. Struldbruggs: Gulliver’s Travels, illus. Arthur Rackham (London: Dent, 1906).
77. Yahoos pulling a Houyhnhnm: Gulliver’s Travels, ed. Padraic Colum, illus. Willy Pogany (London: Harrap, 1919).
78. Pope’s villa at Twickenham: anonymous ink wash drawing, from an extra-illustrated copy of The Letters of Samuel Johnson, MS Hyde 77, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
79. Bolingbroke in middle age: from an extra-illustrated copy of James Boswell, Life of Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill, MS Hyde 76, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
80. John Gay: engraving by John Romney after Michael Dahl, from an extra-illustrated copy of James Boswell, Life of Johnson, ed. G. B. Hill, MS Hyde 76, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
81. Alexander Pope: The Works of Alexander Pope, ed. Joseph Warton (London, 1797), vol. 1, Houghton Depository 15443.1797, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
82. A page from Verses on the Death of Dr. Swift: courtesy of Monash University Library, Rare Books Collection.
83. Map of the road to Holyhead: John Ogilby, Britannia; or, The Kingdom of England and Dominion of Wales, Actually Survey’d (London, 1698), f EC65 Og454 675bb, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
84. Memorial to Stella, St. Patrick’s Cathedral: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
85. Dean Swift: portrait by Francis Bindon, oil on canvas, courtesy of National Gallery of Ireland.
86. A Modest Proposal, original 1729 edition: *EC7 Sw551 729m, courtesy of Houghton Library, Harvard University.
87. Swift in informal attire: Jonathan Swift, Dean of St. Patrick’s Cathedral, graphite on paper, by Isaac Whood (1730), courtesy of National Gallery of Ireland.
88. Mary Pendarves: The Autobiography and Correspondence of Mary Granville, Mrs. Delany, ed. Lady Llanover (London: Richard Bentley, 1861), vol. 2.
89. Laetitia Pilkington: John C. Pilkington, The Real Story of John Carteret Pilkington (1760), courtesy of Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library, Yale University.
90. Dean Swift’s well: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
91. Dean Swift: portrait by Francis Bindon, oil on canvas, courtesy of National Gallery of Ireland.
92. Memorial to Swift and Stella, St. Patrick’s Cathedral: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
93. Bust of Swift in St. Patrick’s Cathedral: photograph by Leo Damrosch.
94. Swift’s skull: W. R. Wilde, The Closing Years of Dean Swift’s Life (Dublin: Hodges and Smith, 1849).
Index
Page numbers in italic type indicate illustrations.
Abingdon, Earl of, 261
Académie Française, 212
Acheson, Lady Anne, 435–42, 445; poems for, 435–40
Acheson, Sir Arthur, 435, 437, 439–42
Act of Settlement (1701), 125
Addison, Joseph, 38, 121, 170, 183, 232, 233, 251; Pope’s dislike of, 245; Swift’s friendship with, 182–84, 185, 241–42; on true humor, 187; Whig agenda and, 242; Works of: The Campaign, 168, 169; Travels in Italy, 184. See also Spectator; Tatler
Aeolists (invented sect), 136–37, 144–45
Agher parish (Ireland), 98, 99
agriculture, 99
Ahab, King (biblical), 299
Aires, Baby, 217, 218
Albemarle, Earl of, 66
Alice in Wonderland (Carroll), 364
allegory, 135–46, 162; Gulliver’s Travels as, 254, 256, 370–72, 522nn31, 33; Tale of a Tub as, 135–36, 139–40, 144
American colonies, 252, 344
ancients vs. moderns controversy, 87–89
Anglican Church: as authentic Catholicism, 150–51; as established Church (see Church of England; Church of Ireland); High Church vs. Low Church, 208, 269, 293–94; as minority in Ireland, 17, 162, 354; Protestant non-members of (see Dissenters); roles of deans and bishops in, 256; status of clergy in, 97–100; Swift’s career choice and, 62, 65, 70–75; Test Act and, 155, 160, 162–63, 194, 456
Anglo-Irish, 12, 162, 347, 353, 354; patois of, 17, 281
Anglo-Irish Pale, 18, 73
Anne, queen of England, 15, 30, 31, 146, 154–56, 156, 175, 204, 205, 213, 214; consort of, 156, 182; death of, 264–65, 288; depression of, 155–56; First Fruits remission pledge of, 195; Godolphin’s dismissal by, 191–93; Marlboroughs and, 155, 157, 164–66, 168, 191–92, 248; royal succession and, 125, 202, 254, 262, 264, 288; Swift’s clerical career and, 254–55, 256, 257–58; Swift’s political writings and, 262; Tories and, 196–97, 200, 203–4, 207, 251–52, 264–65, 288; Union with Scotland and, 162
Answer to Bickerstaff, An (Swift), 190
anti-pastorals, 120–24, 445, 448
antiquity, 127, 128–30, 134, 248; modernism vs., 87–89. See also classics
Antrim (Ireland), 73, 74
&nb
sp; aphorisms, 160
Apollo, 328
April Fool’s jokes, 188–90
Arbuthnot, Dr. (John Arbuthnot), 179, 188, 207, 242, 360, 362, 383, 394, 395; on Gay’s cause of death, 425; The History of John Bull, 227, 243; Ménière’s syndrome treatment and, 274; Pope’s Epistle to, 245; on Queen Anne’s death, 264; Scriblerus Club and, 245; Swift’s friendship with, 242–44, 266; on Temple’s vanity, 45
A Rebus (Vanessa poem), 322–23; analysis of, 323
Argument against Abolishing Christianity, An (Swift), 152–53, 212, 213
Arians, 149
Armagh (northern Ireland), 347, 435, 440
Armagh, archbishop of, 259–60, 354
Ascendancy, 17, 162, 354
Ashburnham, Lady, 225
Ashe, Dillon (“Dilly”), 159
Ashe, St. George, 24, 73–74, 159, 317
Ashe, Thomas, 159
Asiento (slave-trade permission), 252
Athena, 236, 328
Athenian Gazette (later Athenian Mercury), 83–84
Atterbury, Francis, bishop of Rochester, 145, 192, 293–96
Aughrim, battle of (1691), 31
Austen, Jane, 358
Austria, 249, 252
Author upon Himself, The (Swift), 265–66
Bacon, Francis, 87
bagatelles, 217, 284, 424–25
balance of power, 128, 252
Ballynure (Ireland), 74
banknotes, 348
Bank of England, 339, 348
Barber, John, 262, 264
Barber, Mary, 428
Barnett, Louise, 324, 433
Bathurst, Lord, 381, 388
Battle of the Books, The (Swift), 86, 88–89, 134, 160
Baucis and Philemon, The (Swift), 184–85
Beach, Mary, 13
Beautiful Young Nymph Going to Bed, A (Swift), 448–49
Bedlam (Bethlehem Hospital), 143–44, 143
beggars, 305, 416, 418; Swift’s badge proposal for, 421–23
Beggar’s Opera, The (Gay), 185, 246, 293, 385–86
Belcamp (Grattan country house), 299
Belfast (northern Ireland), 31, 73, 76
Bentley, Richard, 88, 89
Berkeley, Charles, second Earl Berkeley, 102, 125; Swift as chaplain to, 92, 94, 101–7
Berkeley, Elizabeth. See Germaine, Lady Betty
Berkeley, George (philosopher and bishop), 318, 334, 335, 336
Berkeley, Lady, 105, 106–7
Berkeley Castle, 179
Bettesworth, Richard, 456–58, 459
Bible, 136, 147, 149, 353–54
Bickerstaff, Isaac (Swift pseudonym), 6, 188–90
Billingsgate (London), 123
Bill of Rights of 1689, 32
Bill of Schism, 264
Bindon, Francis, portrait of Swift, 412, 413, 464
bishopric, 125; Swift’s quest for, 62, 146, 254–58, 379, 395
bishops, 139, 287, 415; Crown appointment of, 254, 256, 257, 259, 394; duties of, 256; House of Lords seats of, 12, 157, 254; incomes of, 394
Black Book of King’s Inns, 58–59
Blake, William, 316–17, 333
Blakely, Robert, 352
Blayney, Lord, 287–88, 297
Blenheim, battle of (1704), 167–69
Blenheim Palace, 248
“blood and treasure” (expression), 170
Bloom, Harold, 133
Bogan, Louise, 235
Boileau, Nicolas, 87
Bolingbroke (Swift horse), 297–98
Bolingbroke, first Viscount (Henry St. John), 7, 46, 178, 179, 199, 217, 293, 338, 383–84, 384, 388, 394; Bill of Schism and, 264; flight to France of, 288–89, 291; forced exile of, 384; on Glorious Revolution, 32; Montagu reference to, 451; overconfidence of, 291; Oxford conflict with, 253, 259–60, 264, 285; political outlook of, 253; Pretender negotiations and, 201–2, 288–89; Queen Anne’s death and, 264, 265; rake lifestyle of, 200, 204; reckless conduct of, 384; royal pardon of, 291, 383; South Sea Bubble and, 339; Swift’s anxiety dream about, 403; Swift’s relationship with, 195, 199–201, 207, 254, 257–58, 261, 262, 263, 266, 290, 396, 417, 424; title bestowed on, 204, 291; title loss of, 291, 383; Tory leadership and, 197, 198–204, 249, 251, 262, 263; Walpole rivalry with, 291, 383, 384; Whig retaliation against, 286, 291
Bolton, archbishop of Cashel, 415
Bolton, John, 103
Boone, Daniel, 370
Boswell, James, 4, 54, 149–50, 185, 186–87
Bosworth Field, battle of (1485), 34
Boulter, Hugh, archbishop of Armagh, 354
Bourbon dynasty, 128, 169, 252
Boyle, Charles, 87–88
Boyle, John. See Orrery, fifth Earl of
Boyle, Robert, Occasional Reflections upon Several Subjects, 106
Boyle, Roger. See Orrery, first Earl of
Boyle’s Law, 106
Boyne, battle of the (1690), 31, 47
Boyne river, 94
Brennan, Richard, 318–19, 325
Brent, Anne, 279, 317, 325, 404, 434, 465; Swift’s mocking poem about, 308
Brewer, John, 170
Britain. See England
British Library, 216, 262, 333
Brobdingnagians (Gulliver’s Second Voyage), 51, 81, 119, 256, 357, 365–68; believable details about, 360, 363; Gulliver’s bond with nine-year-old girl and, 367–68, 368; religion and, 151; size and scale of, 364, 365–66
Broome, William, 178, 179
Browne, John, 355
Brutus, Marcus, 348
Bruyère, Jean de la, 491n4
Bumford, Goodman, 99; tombstone of, 100
Burgersdicius, 23
Burke, Edmund, 157, 346, 431
Burke, Edmund, the elder, 346
Burnet, Gilbert, bishop of Salisbury, 129, 130
Bushe, Arthur, 103
Button’s coffeehouse, 503n26
Byron, Lord, 386
Cadenus and Vanessa (Swift), 236–40, 325, 328–29, 330, 336–37, 427; on nature of Swift-Vanessa relationship, 236; publication of, 236, 239, 336; Swift’s cleanliness obsession and, 444; teasing hint in, 239–40
Caesar, Julius, 26–27, 128, 348
Calvin, John, 135, 136, 144
Calvinism, 137–39. See also Puritans
Cambridge University, 18
Campaign, The (Addison), 168, 169
Candide (Voltaire), 376
Canterbury, archbishop of, 159, 334–35, 349; income of, 394
Canterbury Cathedral, 63, 80, 92, 451, 452
Carberiae Rupes (Swift), 345
Carberry Rocks, 345
Carlisle Cathedral, 145, 192
Carlos II, king of Spain, 127, 128
Carlow (Ireland), 61
Carolan, Turlough, 281
Caroline of Anspach, queen consort of Great Britain, 394, 395, 396–99, 428
Carrickfergus (Ireland), 73, 74, 76
Carroll, Lewis, 50; Alice in Wonderland, 364
Carteret, Lord, 223, 352, 353, 354, 355–56, 355, 381, 411
Case, Arthur E., 522n31
Case of Ireland’s Being Bound by Acts of Parliament in England Stated (Molyneux), 344, 351–52
Castaing, John, 178
Castle Durrow, Lord, 447
Castlemaine, Lady, 164
Catholicism, 208; Church of Ireland conversions from, 346, 351; Church of Ireland tithes and, 74–75, 97–100, 458–59; England’s curtailment of rights of, 151, 155, 208; English monarchy and, 30, 125 (see also Pretender); Irish status of, 17, 18, 31, 97, 126, 128, 345–46, 354; Pope and, 205, 244, 245, 382; Swift’s Tale of a Tub allegory and, 135–36, 139–40; transubstantiation doctrine, 139–40, 150
Catling, Christopher, 233
cavaliers, 126
Cavan (Ireland), 302, 362–63
Celbridge (Ireland): Swift’s visits to, 326, 333–34; Vanessa’s home in, 321, 322, 324, 351
censorship, 127, 213
Cervantes, Miguel de, Don Quixote, 193, 197
Character of Mrs. Howard (Swift
), 397
Character Panegyric, and Description of the Legion Club, A (Swift), 258–60
Charing Cross (London), 117, 119, 136
charity, 268, 416, 418, 421–23
Charles I, king of England, 4, 16, 17, 30, 126, 164; execution of, 75, 126; height of, 27
Charles II, king of England, 39, 65, 164, 171; illegitimate children of, 29–30; mistresses of, 29–30, 394, 395; Restoration and, 17–18, 126
Charteris, Francis, 243–44
Chelsea (London district), 114–15, 177, 220, 234
Chester (England), 33, 401; Swift inscriptions in, 379, 380
Chesterton, G. K., 37
Chetwode, Knightley, 299, 301–2
children: appeal of Gulliver’s Travels to, 3, 369–70; sex-excrement linkage by, 453; Swift’s Modest Proposal satire about, 417–20; Swift’s view of, 15, 48, 49–50
Christ Church Cathedral (Dublin), 72, 267
Christ Church College, Oxford, 87–88
Christianity, 75, 152–53; Trinity and, 149–50, 153. See also specific sects
Churchill, Arabella, 164
Churchill, John. See Marlborough, first Duke of
Churchill, Sir Winston (1620–88), 164
Churchill, Sir Winston (1874–1965), 165, 171, 339, 372
Church of England, 23, 75, 126, 188; as bedrock of stable society, 15, 208; deaneries of, 256–57; as established Church, 125, 150, 208; Glorious Revolution and, 30; High vs. Low Churchmen, 208, 269, 293–94; legal authority of, 208; political role of, 12, 150, 152–53, 208; Swift’s continued defense of, 356; Swift’s hopes for appointment in, 158, 159, 206, 254, 254–58, 379, 394, 452; Swift’s Tale of a Tub allegory and, 135–36, 139, 142, 144, 145; Test Act provisions and, 150, 152, 162–63, 194; Tories and, 126, 197, 198–99, 208
Church of Ireland, 17, 18, 74–78; Boulter as head of, 383; Catholic conversions to, 346, 351; English impoverishment of, 154; as established Church, 74–75; problems of, 95, 97–100; Scottish Presbyterians and, 74–75, 162–63; Sheridan and, 284; Swift’s First Fruits remission campaign for, 154, 155, 159, 163, 171, 175, 190, 195, 267, 414; as Swift’s institutional home, 257, 267; Test Act advocacy by, 155; tithes and, 74–75, 97–100, 458–59
City (London region), 114, 170, 292
City Shower. See Description of a City Shower, A
classics, 18, 19, 24, 80, 87, 89, 260, 284, 285
Cleland (Swift friend), 178, 179
clergy: financial problems of, 154, 316, 407–8; tax on income of (see First Fruits and Twentieth Parts). See also bishops; dean; prebendaries